INTRODUCTION

TO MATTER

CONCEPTS EXPLORED IN THIS LESSON1) Matter

• Matter, mass, volume, mass vs. weight

2) States of Matter• 3 states of matter: solid, liquid and gas

3) Changes of State• Processes that change states of matter melting freezing condensation evaporation sublimation deposition

• Temperatures at which changes of state happen melting point freezing point condensing point boiling point

4) The Particle Theory of Matter

(the amount of _____ )

MATTER

Matter: Is anything that has _____ and _______.mass volume

Is the measure of the ________ of matterMass: quantity

• Units used: g (grams) kg (kilograms)

• Note: There is usually confusion between the term mass and weight….let’s clarify...

atoms a substance contains.

acting on the amount of ____contained in an object.

• Mass depends on the _______________ in an object.

Mass Weight

• Weight depends on the _______________

EarthMoon

Since the Moon is 1/6th

the size of Earth, it has 1/6th of Earth’s

gravitational pull.

This means that objects will weigh 1/6th LESS on the Moon than on Earth.

mass = 5000 kg mass = 5000 kg

weight = 5000 kg weight = 833 kg

BUT the mass (amount of atoms) will remain

the same.

number of atoms amount of gravitymass

MATTER

(the amount of _____ )

Matter: Is anything that has _____ and _______.mass volume

Is the measure of the ________ of matterMass: quantity

• Units used: g (grams) kg (kilograms)

atoms a substance contains.

Is the measure of the _______________ a substance takes up.

Volume:

• Units used: mL (milliliters) L (liters)

amount of space

MATTER

Matter comes in 3 States:

Solid

Liquid

Gas

3 States

Guess these states of matter.STATES OF MATTER

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Shape VolumeDistance Between Particles

& Energy of Particles

definite

definite

definite

indefinite

indefinite indefinite

• small distances

• low energy and little movement

(vibrations only)

• more distance

• more energy and moremovement

• large distances

• high energy and a lot of movement

definite = unchangeable indefinite = changeable

Takes the shape of any

container.

Takes the shape of any

container.

Fills the entire volume of any size of

container.

STATES OF MATTER

CHANGES OF STATE

• Matter can change from one state to another through six different change of state _________.

melting

freezing

processes

a) Label each state of matter in the diagram.

b) Next to each arrow, name the process that causes the change of state. gas

solidliquid

CHANGES OF STATE

c) Define each change of state.

Melting is a process that converts a ____ into a _____.

melting

freezing

gas

solidliquid

solid liquid

For example....

Now you define the rest...

• Matter can change from one state to another through six different change of state _________. processes

CHANGES OF STATE

Melting is a process that converts a ____ into a _____.solid liquid

Freezing is a process that converts a _____ into a ____.liquid solid

Evaporation is a process that converts a _____ into a ___.liquid gas

Condensation is a process that converts a ___ into a _____.gas liquid

Sublimation is a process that converts a ____ into a ___.solid gas

Deposition is a process that converts a ___ into a ____.gas solid

melting point

freezingpoint

GAS

condensingpoint

• Change of state temperatures are ________ for different substances.

boilingpoint

• Changes of state happen at specific ____________.temperatures

SOLID

• Lead’s melting point is 327.5C.

• Gold’s melting point is 1064.2C.

• Water’s melting point is 0C.

different

Each arrow represents a temperature point at which a change of state will happen. Label each state and arrow.

LIQUID

CHANGES OF STATE

is the temperature at which a _____ turns into a ____.

Melting point is the temperature at which a ____ turns into a _____.

Define each temperature point.

CHANGES OF STATE

For example...

liquid solid

liquid

is the temperature at which a _____ turns into a ___.

is the temperature at which a ___ turns into a _____.

liquid gas

liquid

solid

gas

You do the rest!

Freezing point

Boiling point

Condensing point

and ________ of matter in terms of _______.

describes the__________

THE PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER

• The PARTICLE THEORY of MATTER

particlesbehaviorcomposition

1) All matter is composed of tiny objects called ________.particles

2) All particles have ______ between them.spaces

• From solid to liquid to gas, the spaces get ______.

The Four Postulates of Particle Theory:

larger

solid liquid gas

What happens to these spaces as you go from a solid to liquid to gas?

THE PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER

3) Particles of matter are in constant _______.motion

4) There are ______________ between particles.attractive forces

• These forces are _______ when particles are closer.

• Higher energy particles move _____.faster

stronger

The Four Postulates of Particle Theory:

What happens to the speed of the particles if you add more energy to them?

What happens to the attractive forces when the particles get closer together?

THE PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER

Created by Anh-Thi Tang – Tangstar Science

Copyright © 2013 Anh-Thi Tang (a.k.a. Tangstar Science)

All rights reserved by author.

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