MATTER – has mass & occupies space

Matter -1:25

I. Properties of MatterA. Physical properties

1. Definition - any characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the material;

Think!! – What can you physically observe in a material?

- What could you measure in a material?

2. Examples - color, mass, volume, length, luster, density (m/v), shape, taste, odor, texture, hardness, conductivity, melting/ boiling points, metal, nonmetal, states of matter

Physical Properties – 3:39

3. States of Mattera. Solid – particles close together; low energy;

definite shape & volume

b. Liquid – particles medium distance & energy; no def. shape & def. volume

c. Gas – particles far apart; high energy; no definite shape or volume

(Plasma – occurs at high

temps.)

States of Matter – 4:35

d. Phase Diagram – states affected by pressure & temp.

Phase diagram of water –melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation – add to diagram

Phase diagram of CO2

B. Chemical property –

1. Definition - characteristic that allows a substance to change to a new substance

Think! – How could paper or wood turn to a new substance?

- How could copper or a nail

turn to a new substance?

2. Examples - flammability (burning) – paper, wood, oxygen

rusting (reaction) – iron

tarnishing (reaction) – silver, copper

reactivity (reacts w/other substances) – vinegar w/baking soda; sodium

+ water; fireworks

Chemical Properties – 1:16

II. Changes of Matter

A. Physical changes – only changes what the substance looks like; not something new

Ex. separating substances – (ex. coins)

crushing/grinding – making smaller

combining of substances – dye + water

change of state – melting/freezing

B. Chemical changes – changes to a new substance; signs: production of heat, light, smoke, change in color or smell,

Ex. Burning

rusting – Fe + O2 Fe2O3

tarnishing – Ag2O + H2SAg2S + H2O

reactions

Photo. CO2 + H2O C6H12 O6 + O2

Chemical Changes – 6:10

1. How could you change an egg physically?

2. How could you change an egg chemically?

Kitchen Oil Fire

III. Basic Types of Matter – elements, compounds, & mixtures

A. Elements – composed of 1 kind of atom; pure - (found on the periodic table)

1. Ex. C, H, N, O, P, S, Au, Ag, Cl, Fe, Ca, Na, He, Ne, Cu

2. Atom – simplest indivisible particle

a. proton: + charge; in nucleus

b. neutron: neutral charge; in nucleus

c. electron: - charge; in shells

Atom looks like:

3. Finding # of p+, n, & e- : look at periodic table – different #s give different properties

Top # = # of protons, # of electrons (P,E)

Bottom # rounded = mass # = (mass of nucleus)

# of protons + neutrons

# of protons = ______

# of electrons = _____

mass # = __________

# neutrons = _______

Ex. Lithium:

3 = 3 p+ / 3 e-

Li

6.941 = round to 7 then

subtract 3 = 4 neutrons

Ex. Sodium (Na) – do on own

Structure of Matter – Elements: 2:28

B. Compounds – 2 or more elements chemically combined; can’t be physically separated; pure

1. Have formulas – atoms have definite ratios - NaCl; H2O; CO2; MgO, NH3

(ammonia), C6H12O6 (glucose)

subscript gives you # of atoms of each element –

ex. NaCl : 1 Na & 1 Cl

H2O : 2 H & 1 O

NH3 : 1 N & 3 H

2. Metal elements (left side) often combine with nonmetal elements (right side) to form compounds

3. Compounds go through chemical rxns:# of atoms & mass of reactants must equal # of

atoms & mass of products (law of conservation of matter/mass)

reactants products

2H + 2 O H2O2 (same # of atoms)

2 g H + 32 g O 34 g H2O2 (same mass)

4. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS/MATTER = mass/matter of the reactants = the mass of the products; mass is neither created nor destroyed

Compounds - 3:59

C. Mixtures – 2 or more substances physically combined; can be separated into pure substances

1. Homogeneous mixture – same composition throughout called a solution; evenly mixed

Ex. saltwater, coffee, koolaid, air, motor oil, tea

Water often does the dissolving in a mixture – called the “universal solvent”

2. Heterogeneous mixture – has different composition throughout; unevenly mixed

Ex. muddy water, concrete, granite, lemonade w/pulp, watch

Physical Changes/Mixtures – 6:43

IV. ApplicationA. E,C, M – form all natural resources such as:. Oil,

coal, natural gas, metals, stones, sand, air, sun,

soil, water, animals, birds, fish

and plants.

B. Natural resources are used to make:

food, alternative fuels and raw materials for the

production of goods, such as paper, medicines,

electronics, clothes, appliances, & cars

• Products Made from Natural Resources

• Trees Paper, furniture, fuel• Cotton Clothing• Oil/petroleum Plastic, fuel• Natural gas Fuel• Coal Fuel• Iron ore Steel products (cans, bridges)• Bauxite ore Aluminum products (cans, car• parts)• Gold Jewelry, dental material• Copper Wire, coins, electrical equipment• Manganese Steel, cast iron• Cobalt Steel, jet engine parts, cutting• tools• Platinum Air pollution control and telecommunications• equipment, jewelry• Chromium Stainless steel, green glass,• leather treatment• Diamonds Jewelry, mechanical equipment

C. Natural resources impact society - can cause environmental problems such as: air, land and water pollution; disruption or destruction of ecosystems; and a decrease in biodiversity.

D. Natural resources are: LIMITED – Therefore, we need to reduce, reuse, & recycle

THE END!!