7/23/2019 Chapter 5 Manning of Vessel
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CHAPTER 5
MANNING OF VESSEL
Ship manning today forms a very important part of the shipping
industry in an increasingly competitive
cost-conscious situation. Moreover, seafarers ship board living
standards both in ship accommodation
terms and navigation/engineering/catering techniques are rising.
Crew cost, therefore, is one of
imort!nt costs of ! shi"
The major factor influencing manning cost is the change in the
disposition of the orld mercantile fleet.
To be more specific,
- The major problem internationally is the differing age scales
offered to seafarers orldide hich
ma!e it very difficult to compete on equal cre cost terms. The
cost of em#o$in% se!f!rers of !
!rtic!r n!tion!#it$ 'een's on the %ener!# #e(e# of w!%es !n'
cost of #i(in% in th!t co&ntr$ .
"n general, the #ar $ast nationals s!illed seafarers have loer
salary levels in comparison ith the
$urope cre. Moreo(er, the E&roe!n se!f!rers !re offere' more
f!(or!)#e #e!(e f!ci#ities"This
results in a larger cre complement being required to cre a
vessel to cover the more generous leave
arrangements.
* To re'&ce se!f!rer costs+
o Shiponer is transferring the flag to a national register hich
has loer cre cost and fringe
benefits plus overall ta% benefits to the shipping company.
o Some developed countries have introduced measure of granting
relief on personal ta%ation and
social security.
o Some government have also established international ship
registers hich either incorporate ta%
e%emptions for national seafarers, or allo the employment of
foreign seafarers at third orld
pay levels
o Some industrial nations reduced manning levels, but the scope
is limited and one must bear in
mind the continually rising standards in seamanship competence
certification. They have
computeri&ed engine room/navigation aids. 'n the catering
side many oners are using pre-
prepared foods to aid catering cre reduction. "n the field of
ship maintenance, ship maintenance
functions ere previously done ashore to an onboard activity.
"n conclusion one must bear in mind the loer the cre complement
and number of cres per ship, pluc
the longer the voyage length, the greater the cost saving.
En%!%ement !n' 'isch!r%e of the crew
- The contract of employment is made beteen the shiponer and the
cre. "t is called a cre
agreement, and a number of clauses are ta!en directly form the
Merchant Shipping (ct )*+.
The shiponer is the contracting party, but seamen must sign the
cre agreement prior to theintended voyage. The detailed requirement
of seamens document are contained in the Merchant
Shipping egulations.- The cre agreement contains a voyage
clauses giving the geographical limits of the voyage, and
notice/termination clauses. "f a seaman ishes to terminate his
employment in comtemplation of
furtherance of an industrial dispute, hours notice must be given
to the Master, hen the vessel
is securely moored at a safe berth.
- 0hen a seaman is present at his discharge it must be before
1a2 The Master, or 1b2 The seamen
employer, or 1c2 a erson so authori&ed by the Master or
employer.
