Poh-imkvXw

79

Ip©p-hn-s‚bpw c©phn-s‚bpw kw`m-

jWw i≤n-®t√m?

Ip©p-hns‚ ]cm-Xn-bn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw

Ig-ºpt≠m?

s]mÆ-Ø-Sn-bmtWm Btcm-Ky-Øns‚

e£Ww?

BtcmKyw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v \n߃

F¥mWv A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv?

\nß-fpsS A`n-]mbw Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn

N¿®-sN-øq. Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°n ¢mkn¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°q.

Btcm-Ky-ap≈ hy‡n-bmbn Pohn-°m≥

\mw i≤n-t°-≠ Imcy-߃ Fs¥m-s°-

bmWv? enÃp sNøq.

$ t]mj-Im-lmcw

$

$

Blm-c-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn°p∂ t]mj-I-

L-S-I-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \n߃ apºv ]Tn-®n-´p-

≠t√m. NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ ]´nI (8.1)

]qcn-∏n-°q.

t]mj-I-L-SIw [¿aw

[m\yIw

amwkyw

sImgp∏v

hn‰m-an-\p-Iƒ

[mXp-°ƒ

]´nI ˛ 8.1

Pohs‚ kpc£8c©q, \o

XSn-®p sImgpØv

BtcmKytØmsS-bn-cn-°p-

∂t√m. \ns∂t∏mse

hÆw hbv°m≥

Rms\¥m

sNtø-≠Xv?

Cu hÆw

F\n-bvs°mcp `mcam

Ip©q... \ns∂-t∏mse

Ifn-°m\pw

\o¥m\psam∂pw Fs∂-

s°m-≠mhn√t√m.

Poh-imkvXw

80

NnXw (8.1) \nco-£n-°q. AXn¬ ImWp-∂-

h-sc√mw Htc Af-hnepw KpW-Øn-ep-ap≈

`£-W-amtWm Ign-t°-≠Xv? ]qcn-∏n®

]´nI-bp-sSbpw kqN-I-ß-fpsSbpw ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ N¿®sNbvXv \nK-a-\-߃ kb≥kv

Ub-dn-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øq.

kqN-I-߃

B¿°mWp [m\y-Ihpw sImgp-∏pw IqSp-

X¬ Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂Xv?

amwkyw IqSp-X¬ Ign-t°-≠Xv Bscm-

s°-bmWv?

hn‰m-an-\p-IfpsSbpw [mXp-°-fp-sSbpw

Imcy-Øntem?

K¿`n-Wn-Ifpw ape-bq-´p∂ AΩ-amcpw

IqSp-X¬ `£Ww Ign-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

F¥p-sIm≠v?

Hmtcm hy‡n°pw Bh-iy-amb t]mj-

I-L-S-I-ß-fpsS Afhpw A\p-]m-Xhpw

\n¿W-bn-°p∂ LS-I-߃ Fs¥m-s°-

bmWv?

ITn-\-amb Imbn-Im[-zm-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-

∂-h¿°pw hf-cp∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw K¿`n-Wn-

Iƒ°pw ape-bq-´p∂ AΩ-am¿°pw Du¿P-

Øns‚ Bh-i-y-w IqSp-X-emWv. AXn-\m¬

Ch¿ Du¿P-aq-eyw IqSnb £Ww Ign-t°-

≠-Xp-≠v. t]mjILS-I-߃ icn-bmb

Af-hnepw A\p-]m-X-Ønepw AS-ßnb

`£-WsØ kao-Ir-Xm-lmcw F∂p-]-d-

bp∂p. ssZ\w-Zn\ `£Ww kao-Ir-Xhpw

ka-b-_-‘n-Xhpw Bbn-cn-t°-≠Xv Btcm-

Ky-kw-c-£-W-Øn\v A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-Wv.

AXn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb `£-W-io-e-ß-

ft√ \mw B¿Pnt°-≠Xv?

icn-bmb `£-W-io-e-ß-fpsS A`mhw

sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ ]Xym-Lm-X-ß-sf-∏‰n

Nn¥n-®n-´pt≠m?

tUhn-Uns‚ Ub-dn-°p-dn∏v ]cn-tim-[n-°q.

NnXw ˛ 8.1

hnhn[ ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-h¿

Poh-imkvXw

81

MAY

31Monday2010.....-]-Xn-hp-t]mse Hcp Znhkw IqSn IS-∂p-t]m-bn. C∂pw ]tXy-

In®v sNøms\m-∂pap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v cmhnse 8 aWn-

bv°m-WpW¿∂-Xv. Zn\-N-cy-Iƒ Ign™v 9 aWn°v ]`mX`£-

Ww. cpNn-bp≈ a´≥I-dnbpw NqSp≈ ]p´pw. kzm-tZ-dn-b-Xn-\m¬ Nh-

®-c-bv°m-s\m∂pw sa\-s°-SmsX `£Ww hmcn hngp-ßn.- A-Xm-

Wt√m ioew. FX Ign-®p-sh∂v IW-°n-√. ]ns∂ ]Xw hmb-\.

Ipd®p t\cw Sn.-hn. ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ i≤n®p. Hcp aWn-bm-bn´pw hni∏p

tXm∂n-bn-√. F¶nepw Cd-®nbpw ao\pw Iq´n-bp≈ DuWv Hgn-hm-°n-

bn-√. ]Xn-hp-d°w Ign™v sshIp-t∂cw 4 aWn-s°-gp-t∂-‰p. Hcp

ap´ ]^vkpw Nmbbpw amXw Ign-®p. ho≠pw Sn.-hn. bnte°v aS-ßn.

Sn.hn ImWp-tºmƒ GØbv°m Nn]vkn\v cpNn-Iq-Spw. FX

Xn∂psh∂-dn-bn-√. CX-sbm-s°-bm-bn´pw a\- n-s\mcp kpJhpw

tXm∂p∂n√. cmXn hb-dp-\n-d-®m-lmcw Ign®p. 10 aWn-bm-bn´pw

Dd°w hcp-∂n-√. F∂n´pw CXm Dd-ßm≥ t]mIp-∂p.

X∂n-cn-°p∂ kqN-I-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v Ubdn°p-dn∏pw teJ-\-Øns‚ `m-Khpw hni-I-

e\w sNbvXv kb≥kv Ub-dn-bn¬ tcJs∏SpØq.

C\n Hcp Btcm-K-y-am-kn-I-bn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® teJ-\-Øns‚ Ipd-®p-`mKw \¬In-bn-´p-

≈Xv i≤n-°q.

c‡-°p-gepIƒ s]m´p-Ibpw Np‰p-

ap≈ -I-e-I-fn-te°v c‡w Hgp-Ip-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu Ah-ÿsb

skdn_¬ sla-tdPv F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

CXpw ]£m-Lm-X-Øns‚ as‰mcp Imc-

W-am -Wv. icocØns‚ Hcp hiw

]q¿Wamtbm `mKn-I-amtbm Xf-cpI,

kwkmcw Ahy-‡-am-hp-I, apJw Hcp

hi-tØ°v tImSn-t∏m-hpI XpS-ßn-b-

h-bmWv CXns‚ e£-W-߃.

sImtdm -Wdn [a-\n -bn -¬ sImgp∏v

ASn™pIqSp -∂Xv lrZ -b -Øn -te -

°p≈ c‡-]-hmlw XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw lrZ-bm-Lm-X-Øn-\n -S -bm-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AanXhÆ-Øns‚

as‰mcp ]X-ym-LmXw ]ta-l-amWv.

]tal tcmKn-I-fn¬ sImf-kvtSm-fns‚

Afhv IqSp-∂Xpw kvtSm°n\p Imc-

W-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.

tIc-f-Øn¬ s]mÆ-Ø-Sn -bp-≈-h-

cpsS FÆw hfsc IqSp-∂p-sh∂v

]T-\-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. ae-bm-fn-

bpsS amdn-h-cp∂ `£-W-co-Xnbpw

Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw CXn\v Hcp ]cn-[n-

hsc Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p-

≠v. mÃv pUv, ]m°-

‰v^pUv, hdpØ ]e-

lm-c-߃, _n-kv°-‰p-

Iƒ F∂nh \ΩpsS

\nXy -Po -hn -X -Øns‚

`mK-ambn amdn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. Aan-X-h-Æhpw IqSnb icoc`m-

chpw Kpcp-X-c-amb ]Xym-Lm-X-ß-

fp-≠m-°p∂p.

sImgp-∏-S-ßnb £Ww [mcmfw Ign-

bv°p-∂Xv [a\o`nØn-I-fn¬ sImgp-

∏-v ASn-™p-Iq-Sm-\n-S-bm-°p-∂p. Cu

Ah-ÿsb AXn-tdmkv¢o-tdm-knkv

(atherosclerosis) F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

CXv [a-\o-`nØn I´n-bp-≈-Xm-°p-

Ibpw [a-\n-bpsS Dƒh-ymkw Ipd-

bv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. X¬ -e-ambn

ico-c-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-te-

°p≈ c‡-]-

hmlw Ipd-bp-

Itbm ]q¿W-

ambpw \ne -

b v ° p - I t b m

s N ø p - ∂ p .

akvXnjvIIe-

Iƒ°v HmIvkn-P≥ e`n-°msX hcp-

∂Xv ]£m-Lm-X-Øn\v (stroke) CS-

bm°ntb°mw-.

Db¿∂ c‡-k-Ω¿Zhpw (hypertension) AXn-tdmkv¢otdm-knkn\p

Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. c‡m-Xn-k-Ω¿Zw

aqew akvXn-jvI-Ønse t\¿Ø

Btcm-Ky-tIcfw

Poh-imkvXw

82

kqN-I-߃

tUhn-Uns‚ Zn\-N-c-y -sb-°p-dn®pw

`£Wioe-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw \nß-fpsS

A`n-]mbw F¥mWv?

AanX `£Ww krjvSn-°p∂ Btcm-

Ky ]-iv\-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

hdp-ØXpw s]mcn-®-Xp-amb `£Ww

Btcm-K-ysØ Fßs\ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn

_m[n-°p-∂p?

tUhnUns‚ `£-W-I -a -Øn¬

\n߃°v- F-s¥ms° am‰-߃ \n¿tZ-

in-°m≥ Ignbpw?

tUhn-Uns‚ `£-W-I-a-hp-ambn Xmc-X-a-y-

s∏-SpØn \n߃ icn-bmb `£-W-co-Xn-

bmtWm A\p -h¿Øn -°p -∂Xv F∂v

Is≠Øq.

`£-W-Ønse IrXn-aXzw

C∂v Itºm-f-Øn¬ e`-y-am-Ip∂ `qcn-`mKw

`£-W-]-Zm¿Yß-fnepw aWhpw \ndhpw

cpNnbpw Iq´p-∂-Xn-\mbn [mcmfw IrXn-a-

h-kvXp-°ƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. GI-tZiw

3500 hyXy-kvX-Xcw cmk-h-kvXp-°-fmWv

C∂v `£y-hy-h-kmb cwKØv D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-Xv. bmsXmcp `-£y-aq-ey-hp-an-√mØ

Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ `£-W-]-Zm¿Y߃

tISm-Im-Xn-cn-°mt\m, \ndw sa®-s∏-Sp-

Ømt\m, cpNn h¿[n-∏n-°mt\m, aWw

\¬Imt\m Hs°bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

_o‰m-\n≥, tImƒSm¿ F∂nh hym-]-I-ambn

D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Nmb-ß-fm-Wv. -Ch-

bn¬ NneXp Im≥k¿ t]mep≈ tcmK-

߃°v Imc-W-am-tb°mw. Sm¿S-kn≥

t]mep≈ Nmb-߃ Ae¿Pn°v CS-bm-

°ntb°mw. `£Ww Zo¿L-Imew

tISpIqSmsX kq£n-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

]nk¿th-‰o-hp-I-fn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂

t^m¿am¬Un-sslUv t]mep≈ cmk-

hkvXp°ƒ Im≥kdn\v Imc-W-am-tb°mw.

`£-W-io-e-ß-fnse ]ng-hp-Iƒ am-X-a√

\ΩpsS Btcm-K-ysØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn

_m[n-°p-∂-Xv. Db¿∂ ItemdnI aqey-ap≈

`£Ww Ign-®n´v hym-bmaw sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-

∂Xpw Btcm-Ky]iv\-߃ krjvSn-°p∂p.

hymbmaw kpÿn-Xn°v

IrXy-ambn hym-bmaw sNøp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈

KpW-߃ Fs¥-ms°-bm-sW∂v ]d-

bmtam?

$ AanXambp-≠m-Ip∂ sImgp-∏v Ipd-

bv°p∂p.

$

$

`mc-sa-Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂Xpw ITn-\-amb ]hr-

Øn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xpw amX-a√ hym-

bmaw. \S-Øw, \o¥¬, Ifn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-

S¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms° ico-c-Øn\v hym-

bmaw \¬Ip-∂p. ]mb-Øn\pw Btcm-K-y-

Øn\pw PohnXssien°pw A\p-k-cn-®p-

thWw hym-bm-a -ap-d-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-t°-

≠Xv. \nß-fpsS ]mb-Øn¬ sNømhp∂

hymbm-a- ap-d-Iƒ GsXm-s°-bm-Wv? Fgp-Xn-

t\m-°q.

$

$

icnbmb `£-W-ioew t]mse Xs∂

][m-\-amWv icn-bmb hym-bm-ahpw. ]mb-

Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v £-W-I-a-Øn¬ am‰w hcp-

Øp-∂-Xp-t]mse hym-bm-a- ap-d-I-fnepw am‰w

hcp-ØWw. imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb

kpÿn-Xn°p hymbmaw Pohn-X-Øns‚ mK-

am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

Pew Poh-k-‘m-cWØn\v

ico-c-Øns‚ kpÿn-Xn°v £-W-hpw hym-

bm-ahpw t]mse-Xs∂ ][m-\-s∏´ as‰mcp

LS-I-amWv Pew. ico-c-I-e-I-fpsS GXm≠v

70% Pe-am-Wv. c‡-Øn¬ 92% Dw Aÿn-

bn¬ 25% Dw Xe-t®m-dn¬ 85% Dw Pe-amWv.

ico-c-Ønse F√m ssPh-cm-k-]-h¿Ø-\-

ßfpw Pe-am-[-y-a-Øn-emWv \S-°p-∂-Xv.

hnk¿Py-h-kvXp -°-fpsS ]pd¥-≈¬,

]Zm¿Y-kwh-l\w, ico-c-Xm-]-\n-e-bpsS

Poh-imkvXw

83

hn‰m-an≥ kn bpsS Ie-hd. [mXp-°fpw Ipd-h-√. £oW-a-I-‰m≥ AXyp-

Øaw. Zml-i-a-\-Øn\v H∂m-a≥. k¿h-hym]n. Xmc-X-tay\ hnebpw Xp—w.

Fs‚ al-Xz-߃ Rm≥ Xs∂ ]c-ky-s∏-SpØn shdpsX Ccn-∏m-Wv. Ip´n-

Iƒ°pw bphm-°ƒ°pw Fs∂ th≠. Ah¿ Ip∏n-bn¬ \nd® cmk-an-

inXw B¿Øn-tbmsS AI-Øm-°p-∂p. AXp ImWp-tºmƒ hnja-ap-≠v.

Hcp ImeØv a\p-jys\ Rm≥ FX-amXw tkhn-®p. C∂pw \nkzm¿Yambn

tkhn-°m≥ Hcp-°-am-sW-¶nepw Rm≥ Hgn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cßs\ kw -

hn-°m≥ Imc-W-sa-¥m-bn-cn°pw? amdnbXp a\p-jyt\m AtXm Cu ]mhw

Rmt\m?

Iao-I-cWw XpS-ßnb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw Pew ][m-\- ]-¶v h-ln-°p-∂p. Hcpan®v hfsc-

b-[nIw sh≈w IpSn°p∂Xpw Xosc IpSn-bv°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw ico-c-Øn-\p -\-√-X-√. sh≈-

Øns‚ Afhv IqSp-∂Xv Zl-\-sØbpw, Xosc Ipd-bp-∂Xv hr°-I-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-sØbpw

]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p. ip≤-P-ew amXta IpSn-°m-hq. Xnf-∏n-®m-‰nb sh≈am-Wp-

Ø-aw.

sh≈-Øn\p ]pdsa as‰-s¥√mw ]m\o-b-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ÿm\w

]nSn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv? Ch-cpsS Bfl-KXw i≤n-°q.

Iev]-hr-£-Øns‚ \m´n¬ Cs∂-\n°v bmsXmcp hne-bp-an-√. ]≠v Zmlw

ian-∏n-°m\pw £oWaI‰m\pw Fs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p F√m-hcpw Bi-bn-

®n-cp-∂-Xv. •qt°m-kn-s‚bpw [mXp-°-fp-sSbpw Ie-h-d-bmWv Rms\∂p

Is≠-Ønb a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ Ct∏mƒ Fs∂ Ah-KWn-°p-∂-sX-¥n-

s\∂p a\- n-em-Ip-∂n-√. Nne ]cn-jvImcn∏m\o-b-ß-fpsS IS-∂p-I-b-‰-

am-hmw ImcWw. Ah-bn¬ AS-ßn--bncn-°p∂ Btcm-Ky-Øn\p lm\n-I-

c-amb ]Zm¿Y-ß-sf-∏‰n a\p-jy\v Adn-bm-Ø-Xm-tWm? AtXm Adn-™p-

-sIm≠v IÆ-S-bv°p-∂XmtWm?-

]≠v Im¬\-S-bm-X-°m¿°v XÆo¿∏-¥-en-en-cp∂v £oW-a-I-‰m≥ Rm≥

th≠n-bn-cp∂p. Fs‚ kzmZn-s\-∏‰n a\p-jy≥ kmlnXy krjvSn-Iƒ cNn-

®p. F√mw \√ qX-Imew. C∂p Rm≥ GXm≠v A\yw \n¬°p∂ L -

Øn-em-Wv. Fs‚ KpW-ß-fn¬ Hcp Ipdhpw h∂n-´n-√. [mXp-°fpw

Du¿Phpw amwky-hp-sams° ]Xn-hp-t]mse. C∂v Fs‚ ap∂n¬ h®p

a\p-jy≥ ]pØ≥ ]m\o-b-߃ \pW-bp-∂Xp ImWp-tºmƒ h√mØ

hnjaw tXm∂p-∂p.

FhnsS t\m°nbmepw Fs‚ Xcw-K-am-Wv. FXtbm _m‚p-I-fn¬! A`n-am-\n-°m-

sX¥p sNøpw. F\n°v t]cpw s]cp-abpw t\Sn-Ø∂ a\p-jy-s\∏‰n Rm≥ ]e-

t∏mgpw Nn¥n-°m-dp-≠v. ]mh-߃! F∂n-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]e LS-I-ßfpw A]-

I-S-Im-cn-I-fm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn™ Ah¿ Xs∂ Fs∂ Bth-i-tØmsS D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p. F∂n¬ \nt£-]n® ]√v ItaW Zhn®p \in-®t∏mƒ a\p-jy≥ ]d™p

Rm≥ ]√n-s\bpw Aÿn-sbbpw Zhn-∏n-°p-sa∂v. Zl-\sØ _m[n-°p-sa∂pw

Akn-Un‰n Iq´p-sa∂pw a‰p Nne¿ Is≠-Øn. Aßs\ a\p-jy≥Xs∂ F\n-

s°-Xnsc \o≠ Ip‰-]Xw Xbm-dm°n-bn- p-≠v. Fs‚ tZmj-ß-sf√mw Adn-bm-hp∂

a\p-jy≥ Fs‚ \pc-bn¬ aXn-a-d-°p-tºmƒ F\n°pt]mepw ]d-bm≥ tXm∂p-

∂p. tl a\p-jym......- Rm≥ \n\°v Hcp Xc-Ønepw KpW-I-c-a√. Fs∂ Hgnhm°q.

Poh-imkvXw

84

]m\o-b-ß-fpsS Bfl-KXw hmbn-®-t√m.

Ch-Iq-SmsX at‰-sX√mw ]m\o-b-߃

\n߃ IpSn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p≠v?

enÃp sNøq.

Chbn¬ GsX√mamWv Hgn-hm-t°-≠Xv?

F¥psIm≠v?

\nß-fpsS \m´n¬ ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn e`-y-

am-Ip∂ ]m\o-b-߃ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-

∂pt≠m? \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬

]pØ≥ ]m\o-b-ß-fpsS IS-∂p-I-b‰w FX-

tØmfw A`n-e-j-Wo-b-am-Wv? kb≥kv

¢_ns‚ B`n-ap-J-y-Øn¬ Hc-t\zjWw

\SØn Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-

∏n-°q.

\yq\-t]m-jWw

Aan-Xm-lmcw t]mse-Xs∂ t]mj-Im-lm-

c-Øns‚ A`mhhpw Btcm-Ky-]-iv\-߃

krjvSn -°p∂p≠mhp -at√m. NphsS

tN¿Øncn -°p∂ NnXo -I -cWw (8.1)

i≤n°q.

t]mj-I-L-S-I-ß-fpsS A]-c-ym-]vXX aqe-

ap-≠m-Ip∂ a‰p tcmK-߃ enÃp sNøq.

\nß-fpsS ]tZ-iØv GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ A]-cym-]vX-Xm-tcm-K-߃ ]I-S-am-Ip-

∂pt≠m? Cu ]iv\sØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Hcp t]mPIv‰v \n¿h-ln®v dnt∏m¿´v Xbmdm°n

¢mkn¬ Ah-X--cn-∏n-°q.

tKmbn-‰¿ (goitre)`£-W-Øn¬ Ab-Uns‚

A`m-h-Øm-ep-≠m-Ip∂

tcmKw. ssXtdmbvUv KŸn-

ho¿Øph-ep-Xm-Ip-∂p.

I-zm-jn-tbm¿°¿ (kwashiorkor)amwk-y-Øns‚ A`mhw sIm

≠p Ip´n -I -fn -ep -≠m-Ip∂

tcmKw. hf¿® apc-Sn-°p-∂p.

am\-knI hf¿® aµo-`-hn-°p-

∂p. D¥nb hbdv, Xpdn® IÆp-

Iƒ, \o¿s°´v _m[n® -Im-ep-

Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh e£-W-ß-

fmWv.

acmkvakv (marasmus)amwk-y-Øns‚bpw Du¿P-

Øn-s‚bpw A`mhw sIm≠p-

≠m-Ip-∂p. timjn® ico-cw,

s]m¥nb hmcn-sb-√p-Iƒ,

Ipgn™ IÆp-Iƒ, hc≠

N¿Ωw F∂nh e£-W-ß-

fm-Wv.

dn°‰vkv (rickets)hn‰m-an≥ D bpsS A]-c-ym-]vX-

X -sIm≠v Ip´n -I -fnep≠m

Ip∂ tcmKw. hf-™ ssI-Im-

ep -Ifpw Zhn® ]√p-Ifpw

k‘n-I-fn¬ thZ\bpw e£-

W-߃ BWv.

t]mj-W-°p-d-hp-aqew D≠m-Ip∂ hnf¿® (nutritional anaemia).

Ccpºns‚ Ipd-hp-aqew D≠m-Ip∂ A\o-anb \ΩpsS \m´n¬ hym]-I-amWv. t^mfnIv

BknUv, hn‰-man≥ B12 F∂n-h-bpsS Ipd-hp-sIm≠v kvXoIƒ°v K¿ -Im-eØv saK-tem-

ªvfm-kv-‰nIv A\o-anb (megaloblastic anaemia) D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°v Ccpºpw

t^mfnIv BknUpw AS-ßnb Kpfn-I-Itfm tSmWnt°m \¬Ip∂Xv CXp-X-S-bm≥

th≠n-bm-Wv.

NnXoIcWw ˛ 8.1

Poh-imkvXw

85

Btcm-Ky-ap≈ a\ v Btcm-Ky-ap≈ ico-

c-Øn¬

imco-cnImtcmKysØ A\p-Iq-e-ambpw

]XnIq-e-ambpw _m[n-°p∂ LS-I-߃

]cn-N-b-s∏-´-t√m. ico-c-Øns‚ kpÿnXn

amX-amtWm Btcm-Kyw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v

hnh-£n-°p-∂Xv? a\- ns‚ kpÿn-Xnbpw

][m-\-at√?

imco-cn-Im-tcm-Kyw a\- ns‚ Btcm-K-y-

sØbpw am\-kn-Im-tcm-Kyw ico-c-Øns‚

Btcm-K-y-sØbpw Bi-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

\ap°v ZpxJw tXm∂p-tºmƒ hni∏p \jvS-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn tXm∂nbn-´nt√? imco-cn-I-

amb Ak-zm-ÿyap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ a\ pw

Ak-z-ÿ-am-Im-dnt√?

a\ ns‚ kpÿn-Xnsb kzm[o-\n-°p∂

LS-I-߃ GsXm-s°-bmWv?

$ hnt\m-Z-߃

$

$

Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn N¿®sNbvXv kb≥kv Ub-

dn-bn¬ Ipdn-°q.

a\- ns‚bpw ico-c-Øns‚bpw kpÿn-

Xnsb XI-cm-dn-em-°p∂ Zp»oe-ßfpw kaq-

l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂p.

X∂n -cn -°p∂ sImfmjv i≤n°q.

(NnXoIcWw ˛ 8.2)

NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ kqN-I-ßsf ASn-

ÿm\-am°n sImfm-jn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈

]iv\w hni-I-e\w sNøq. hni-I-e-\-°p-

dn∏v ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°q.

kqN-I-߃

$ aZy-]m-\hpw ]pI-henbpw ]m≥a-kme-

bpsS D]-tbm-Khpw krjvSn -°p∂

BtcmKy, kmaq-ly-]-iv\-߃.

$ Cu kmaq-lnI hn]-Øp-Iƒs°-Xnsc

P\-ßsf t_m[-h¬°-cn -°m≥

\n߃°v sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ ]h¿Ø-

\-߃.

Zp»o-e-߃s°-Xnsc t]mcm-Sm

≥

hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ cwKØv

ssIa\w HIvtSm_¿ 14 :

aZyw, ]pI-bne, ]m≥a-km-e- -H∏w Im≥kdpw

Btc-mKy-amWv hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-ImØkº-Øv. hy‡n-bpsS Btcm-Ky-amWvkmaqlymtcmKy -Øns‚ ASn-Ød.Btcm-Ky -Øn\v lm\n -I-c-am -Ip∂bmsXm∂pw \ΩpsS mK-Øp-\n∂v D≠m-Im≥ ]mSn√. \ΩpsS Btcm-Ky-Øn\pwBbp- n\pw Hcp-t]mse sh√p-hn-fn-Db¿Øp∂ alm-hn-]-ØmWv Im≥k¿.

Nne tImi-߃ \nb-¥-Wm-Xo-X-ambnhn`-Pn°pIbpw a‰p `mK-ß-fn-te°vhym]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv Im≥k¿. \qdn-tesd hyXy-kvX-Xcw Im≥k-dp-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏- n- p≠v.

aZyw, ]pI-bn-e, ]m≥a-kme XpS-ßnb]Zm¿Y-߃ Im≥k-dn -te -°p≈Ipdp°p hgn-bm-Wv. ]pI-bne IØp-

tºmƒ Im≥k-dn\p Imc-W-am-Ip∂\nc-h[n cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]m≥a-kme hmbnse Im≥k-dn\vImc-W-am-Ip-∂p. A∂-]-Y-ØnseIm≥k-dn\p amX-a√ Kpcp-X-c-ambIcƒ tcmK-߃°pw aZy-]m\w hgna-cp-∂m-Ipw.

]pI-h-en -°m-cn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂as‰mcp tcmK-amWv t_mss¶-‰n-kv.]pI-bn-e-P\y cmkhkvXp-°ƒ izk-\-]-Y-Ønse koen-b-I-fpsS Ne-\sØ XSbp-Ibpw izmk--\m-f-Øn¬ t«jvaw ASn-™p-IqSnizmk-tIm-i-Øn¬ ho°wD≠mhpIbpw sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv t_mss¶-‰nkv.

imkvX-te-J\w

ab-°p-a-cp-∂n¬ tlman-bv°-s∏´

alm-]-Xn`Iƒ

]w‡n

bph

m°--fn¬

aZy-]

m-\m-k

‡n

IqSp-∂

p.

NnXoIcWw ˛ 8.2

Poh-imkvXw

86

ipNnXzw Btcm-Ky-Øn\v

BtcmKyw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xn¬ hfsc

][m-\-s∏´ Hcp LS-I-am-Wt√m hy‡n-

ip-Nn-Xzw. Hcp b¥w-t]mse ]h¿Øn-

°p∂ a\p-jy ico-c-Øns‚ F√m `mK-

ßfpw ipNn-bmbn kq£n-t°-≠Xv AXy-

¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. Iuam-c-]m-b-°m-cn¬

tkzZ-K-Ÿn-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ ]h¿Ø-\-£-a-

am-b-Xn-\m¬ hnb¿∏p-¬]m-Z\w IqSp-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ icocw hrØn-bmbn

kq£n-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu¿∏-c-ln-

X-am-bXpw hrØn-bp-≈-Xp-amb ASn-h-kvX-

߃ [cn-°m≥ i≤n°-Ww. icn-bmb

hy‡n-ip-NnXzw ]men-®n-s√-¶n¬ _mIvSo-

cnb, ^wKkv F∂nh aqe-ap≈ AWp-_m-

[bv°v km[yX IqSp-w. Ip´n-Iƒ ]Xyp-¬]m-

Z\ Ah-b-h -ß-fpsS ipNn -Xz -Øn¬

]tXyIw i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. B¿Ø-h-k-

a-bsØ ipNn-Xz-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Imcy-

߃ Adn-bp-∂-Xn\v s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°v

sl¬Øv ¢_ns‚ Npa -X -e -bp≈

So®dpsStbm ss]adn sl¬Øv sk‚-

dnse BtcmKy ]h¿Ø-I-bpsStbm

tUmIvS-dpsStbm tkh\w tXSm-hp-∂-

XmWv.

ico-cw i≤m-]q¿hw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xp-hgn

]e tcmK-ß-sfbpw \ap°v AI‰n

\n¿Ømw. \ΩpsS icocsØ Fß-s\-

sbms° Btcm-Ky-I-c-ambn kwc-£n-°m≥

Ignbpw? Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn N¿®-sN-øq. NphsS

\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ h¿°vjo‰v ]q¿Øn-bm-°q.

hy‡n-ip-NnXzw ]men-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ ][m-\-amWv kmaq-lnIipNn-Xzhpw.

Hcp kvIqfnse 9˛mw ¢mkv hnZ-ym¿Yn-Iƒ tUmIvSdp-ambn \S-Ønb A`n-ap-J-Øns‚ ]k‡-

`m-K-߃ NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv i≤n-°q. kmaq-ly-ip-NnXzØns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬

]S¿∂p-]n-Sn-°m-hp∂ tcmK-ß-sf-°p-dn®v [mc-W-ssI-h-cn-°q. FbvUvkv tcmKw ]I-cp-∂Xv

Fßs\sb∂v a\- n-em-°q.

tUmIvS¿, \ΩpsS \m´n¬ ASpØ ImeØv ]S¿∂p ]nSn® Nne sshdkv

tcmK-ß-fmWv Nn°p≥Kp-\n-b, sU¶n-∏-\n, P∏m≥ Pzcw F∂n-h. CØcw

tcmK-߃ Cßs\ ]I¿∂p-]n-Sn-°m-s\-¥mWp ImcWw?

ASn-ÿm-\-Im-cWw ]cn-k-c-aen-\o-I-cWw Xs∂-bmWv. sImXp-Ip-Iƒ aptJ-\-

bmWt√m Cu tcmK-ß-fpsS hym-]\w \S-°p-∂-Xv. sI´n\n¬°p∂ sh≈-Øn¬

ap´-bn´v sImXp-Ip-Iƒ hf-sc-thKw s]cp-Ip-∂p. D]-tbm-K-iq-\-y-amb Sb-dp-Iƒ,

Sn∂p-Iƒ, πmÃn°v ]mX-߃, sNSn-®´n F∂n-h-bn-sems° sI´n-\n¬°p∂

sh≈w sImXp-I-fpsS ]P-\-\-tI-µ-ßfm-Wv. Cu tcmK-߃ amX-a√ a‰p-]-e-

tcm-K-ßfpw sImXp-Ip-Iƒ ]c-Øp-∂p-≠v.

sImXp-Ip-Iƒ hgn FbvUvkv tcmKw ]I-cptam?

Xz°ns‚ kwc-£Ww $ Znh-khpw c≠p t\cw Ipfn-°pI.

$ ]®-°dn-Ifpw ]g-ßfpw `£-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØpI.

$ Ab-™Xpw hrØn-bp-≈-Xp-amb hkvX-߃ [cn-°p-I.

$ Cu¿∏-ap≈ hkvX-߃ [cn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI.

t\X- kw-c-£Ww $

I¿W kw-c-£Ww $

Z¥ kw-c-£Ww $

Poh-imkvXw

87

FbvUvkn\v Imc-W-w HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) F∂ sshd-km-Wv. Cu

tcmKw sImXp-Ip-hgn ]I-cn-√. HIV _m[n-®-h-cpsS c‡w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xneq-sSbpw

Ah-cp-ambn ssewKnI _‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw FbvUvkv tcmKw ]I-

cpw. AWp-hn-ap-‡-am-°mØ kndn©v, kqNn, ikvX-Intbm]-I-c-W-߃ XpS-

ßn--b-hbpw AWp-_m-[bv°v Im-c-W-am-Ip∂ am[y-a-ß-fm-Wv. NnIn’n®v t`Z-am-

°m≥ Ign-bmØ tcmK-am-sW-¶nepw AXns\ ^e-]-Z-ambn ]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥

Ign-bpw. i‡-amb IpSpw__‘-ßfpw IpSpw_mw-K-߃ XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-

hn-izm-khpw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ tcmK-ßsf AI‰n\n¿Øm≥ h-fsc ^e-]-Z-am-Wv.

Htcbn\w sImXp-Ip-IfmtWm F√m-tcm-K-ßfpw ]c-Øp-∂Xv?

A√. Nne-bn\w sImXp-Ip-Iƒ Nne ]tX-yI Xcw tcmK߃ ]c-Øp∂p. DZm-l-

c-W-ambn FbvUnkv CuPn]v‰n (Aedes aegypti), FbvUnkv B¬t_m-]n-Iv‰kv (Aedesalbopictus) F∂o sImXp-Ip-I-fmWv bYm-Iaw Nn°p≥Kp-\nb, sU¶n-∏\n F∂o

tcmK-߃ ]cØp-∂Xv. Iyq-eIvkv (Culex) sIm-Xp-I-Iƒ a¥v ]c-Øp-∂p. At\m-

^n-ekv (Anopheles) sIm-Xp-Ip-Iƒ ate-dnbbpw.

\ΩpsS Pe-tkm-X- p-Iƒ hf-sc-thKw aen-\-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-W-t√m.

Peaen-\o-I-cWw sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ -tcm-K-ß-sf∏‰n hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam?

tImfd, hb-dp-ISn, a™-∏nØw, ssSt^mbvUv XpS-ßn-b-h-sbm-s° aen-\-P-e-

Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv ]I-cp-∂-Xv. ip≤-Pew D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw \ΩpsS ip≤-

P-e-tkm-X- p-Iƒ aen-\-am-ImsX kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw amc-I-amb Cu tcmK-

߃ XS-bm≥ Ign-bpw. Xpd- mb ÿeØp ae-hn-k¿P\w \S-Øp-∂Xp Pe-

tkm-X- p-I-fpsS aen-\o-I-c-W-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. "F√m ho´nepw I°qkv'

F∂ apZm-hm-Iy-Øns‚ ]k‡n ChnsSbmWv.

C∂v Fen-∏\n P\-߃°v Hcp t]Sn-kz-]v\-ambncn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Fen-Isf

\in-∏n-®Xp sIm≠p-amXw Cu tcmKw \n¿am¿P\w sNøm≥ Ign-bptam?

Fen\io-I-cWw sIm≠p-amXw Fen-∏\n \n¿am¿P\w sNøm≥ Ign-bn-√. N∏pN-

h-dp-Ifpw ]mgvh-kvXp-°fpw Iq\-Iq´nbnSp-∂Xv Fen-Iƒ s]cp-Im≥ Imc-W-am-Ip-

sa-∂Xp icn-Xs∂. \ΩpsS \m´n¬ Fen-∏\n F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ se]vt‰mkvss]tdm-

knkv (leptospirosis) Fen, \mb, ]ip XpS-ßnb P¥p-°-fpsS aqX-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv

]I-cp-∂-Xv. icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ amen-\y-߃ kwkvI-cn-°p-I, Fen-Iƒ s]cp-Im-

\p≈ a‰p kml-N-cy-߃ C√m-Xm-°p-I, Blm-c-hpw IpSn-sh-≈hpw AS®v kq£n-

°p-I XpS-ßnb ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ Fen-∏-\n-s°-Xnsc kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. tcmK-

e-£-W-߃ I≠m¬ ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn sshZy-k-lmbw tXSWw.

]´W-ß-fnepw hyh-km-b-im-e-I-fpsS kao-]Øpw Xma-kn-°p∂ P\-ß-

fn¬ izmk-tIm-i-tcm-K-ß-fpsS \nc°v IqSp-X-emWt√m. F¥mWv CXn\p

ImcWw?

A¥co-£-a-en-\o-I-cWw Xs∂-bmWv CXn\v ][m-\ -Im-c-Ww. A¥-co-£-Ønse

s]mSnbpw ]pIbpw kƒ^¿Utbm-IvsskUv t]mep≈ cmk-h-kvXp-°fpw an°-

hmdpw a\p-jy-cn¬ hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Ae¿Pn-, BkvXva F∂nhbp≠m°p-∂p.

t_mss¶-‰n-kv, Fwss -koa XpS-ßnb izmk-tIm-i-tcm-K-߃°v ]pdsa Im≥k-

dn-\p- hsc Ch Imc-W-am-tb-°mw. tamt´m¿ hml-\-ß-fn-sebpw a‰pw C‘-\-߃

A]q¿W-ambn IØp-∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Ie-cp∂ Im¿_¨

Poh-imkvXw

88

NnXw ˛ 8.2

Fs¥mcp s]mSnbm

CXv. izmkw ap´p-∂p.

tam-tWm-IvsskUv a\pjyico-c-Øn-seØn lotam-t•m-_n-\p-ambn tNcp-∂p. CXv

c‡-Ønte°v HmIvkn-P≥ kzoI-cn-°--s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v XS-k-am-Ip-∂p. X∑qew Kpcp-

X-c-amb Btcm-Ky-]-iv\-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂p.

sXmgn¬P\ytcmK-߃ F∂m-se-¥mWv tUmIvS¿?

Nne ]tXy-I-ta-J-e-Ifn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h¿°v AXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ tcmK-

ß-fp-≠m-hm-\p≈ km[y-X-bp-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v ]md-a-S-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂-

h¿°v izmk-]-YØn-\p≈n¬ ]md-s∏mSn ASn™v knen-t°m-knkv (silicosis) F∂

tcmK-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p. Bkv_-tÃmkvjo‰v \n¿amWtaJ-e-bn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂

sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v Bkv_-tÃmkv s]mSn izkn-°p-∂-Xp-aqew Bkv_-tÃmknkv

(asbestosis) F∂ tcmKw D≠m-Ip-∂p. CØcw tcmK-ß-fmWv sXmgn¬P\ytcmK-

߃ (occupational diseases).

NnXw (8.2) kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-

dm°n ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°q.

NnXw GXp ]iv\Øn-te-°mWv

shfn®w hoip-∂-Xv?

\nß-fpsS ]tZ-iØv CØcw kml-N-

cy-߃ \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m? Ds≠-

¶n¬ AXns‚ ImcWw Fs¥∂v Is≠-

Øq. ]cn-lm-c-߃ \n¿tZin-°q.

amen\ykwkvI-c-W-Øn¬ s]mXp-P-\-

ßsf klm-bn-°m≥ \n߃s°¥v

sNøm≥ Ignbpw?

\nß-fpsS hnZym-e-b-Ønepw ho´n-ep-ap-≠m-

Ip∂ ssPh-am-en-\y-߃ ^e-]-Z-ambn

kwkvI-cn-t°≠-Xt√?

\nß-fpsS ]cn-k-c-]-tZißfn¬ D≈ aÆn-

c-°-tºmÃv/_tbm-Kymkv πm‚ v kµ¿in-

°q. amen-\y-kw-kvI-cWw Imcy-£-a-am-°p-

hm≥ CØcw kwhn-[m-\-߃ klm-b-I-c-

am-hnt√? Ch ÿm]n-°m≥ Fs¥ms°

Xbm-sd-Sp-∏p-Iƒ \S-ØWsa∂v a\- n-

em°q. \nß-fpsS hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ ]mtbm-

Kn-I-amtWm F∂v ]co-£n®p t\m°q.

Btcm-KysØ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ \nc-h-[n -LS-

I-߃ Ds≠∂v a\- n-em-bn-t√. Cu LS-

I-ßsf Btcm-Ky-]m-e-\-Øn-\v D-X-Ip-∂-X-

cØn¬ \ne-\n¿tØ-≠Xv Pohs‚

kpc£bv°v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.

NnXo-I-cWw (8.3) \nco-£n-°q.

NnXo-I-cWw ˛ 8.3

C\n "BtcmKyw' F∂-Xn\v Hcp ]mtbm-

KnI \n¿hN\w cq]s∏-Sp-Øq.