B I O L O G Y

1. Christopher.P.J2. K.M. Ansari3. Rosamma Rocky4. Sujatha5. K.J. Beenamol

bqWnäv 1

C{µn-b-§Ä¡p-a-̧ pdw{]hÀ¯\w 1

I ]Z-tPm-Un-I-fpsS _Ôw Is-¯n hn«p-t]mb `mKw ]qcn-¸n-¡pI

1. AIzkv Ad þ AIzkv {ZhwshÌn_yqÄ þ þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ(-F³tUm-enw^v)

2. tdmUv tImiw þ þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ(-tdm-tUm-]vkn³)tIm¬ tImiw þ t^mt«m-]vkn³

3. Xe-t¨mdv þ sa\n-ÖkvlrZbw þ þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ(-s]cn-¡mÀUn-bw)

{]hÀ¯\w 2II cmap Xsâ ASp-̄ n-cn-¡p¶ Iq«p-Im-cs\ ImWp-t¼mÄ Ahsâ I®nse

koen-bdn t]in-IÄ, kvXmbp-¡Ä, se³kv F¶n-h-bn-ep--m-Ip¶ {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä Fs -́Ãm-am-bn-cn-¡pw.(knenbdn t]in-IÄ Npcp-§p-¶p.kvXmbp-¡Ä Ab-bp-¶p.se³knsâ h{IX IqSp¶pt^m¡Â Zqcw Ipd-bp-¶p)

III sdän\-bn ImW-s -̧Sp¶ {Kmln-tImÀ§Ä, \ap¡v {]Im-is¯ Xncn-̈ -dn-bm³ klm-bn-¡p-¶p. Cu {Kmln-tIm-i-§Ä GsXÃmw ?(tdmUp-tIm-i§Ä, tIm¬tIm-i-§Ä)

IV tPymXn¡v kÔy-bm-bm I®n\v ImgvN-bn-Ã. Cu AhØ F´p-t]-cn-emWv Adnbs -̧Sp-¶-Xv. CXn\v ImcWw F´mWv ?(hn-äm-an³ F bpsS Ipd-hm-Wn-Xn\v Imc-Ww. Cu AhØ \nim-ÔX F¶vAdnbs -̧Sp-¶p.

{]hÀ¯\w 3

1. ap§-sb-t¸m-ep-ff Nne ]£n-IÄ cm{Xn-bn-emWv Cc-tX-Sp-¶Xv CsX-́ p-sIm - - mW v ?

Xo{h {]Im-i-̄ n {KlW iàn \ÂIp-¶Xv tIm¬tIm-i-§-fmWv

(C§-s\-bp-ff ]£n-I-fn sdän-\-bn {]Im-i-{Km-ln-I-fmb tIm¬tImi-§Ä ImW-s¸-Sp-¶nÃ. AXp-sIm--n-hbv¡v ]I kabw Cc-tX-Sm³ Ign-bn-Ã.

2. Hcp Ip«n-bpsS tcmK \nÀ®bw \S-̄ n-b-t¸mÄ \mUo-tIm-i-̄ nseabn-en³ Dd-IÄ¡v \miw kw`-hn-¨-Xmbn Is--¯n. CX-hsâ \mUo-tIm-i-̄ nsâ {]hÀ -̄\s¯ F§-s\-sbÃmw _m[n-¡pw.

\mUo-tIm-i-§Ä¡v t]mjWw \ÂIp-I. \mUo-tIm-i-̄ nsâ kwc-£-Ww, C³kp-te-äÀ Bbn {]hÀ¯n v̈ Bth-K-§-fpsS thKX Iq«pIF¶n-h-bmWv abn-en³ Dd-bpsS [À½w

3. \mUo-Kmw-¥o-tbm-Wp-Ifpw kn\m-]vänIv t\m_pw X½nep-ff hyXym-k-§Ä Fs´Ãmw

\mUo X´p-¡-fpsS tImi ico-c-§sf Hcm-h-cWw sIm-v s]mXn-ªn-cn-¡p¶ tKmfm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-ff `mK-§-fmWv \mUo-Kmw-¥n-tbm-Wp-IÄBIvtkm-ssW-äp-I-fpsS A{K-̀ m-K¯p ImW-s -̧Sp¶ apg-I-fmWvkn\m-]vänIv t\m_v

4. Nn{Xw ]IÀ¯n hc v̈ Xmsg-]-d-bp¶ `mK-§Ä Xncn-̈ -dnªv t]sc-gpXn AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯pI

F) D±o-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p¶ `mKw (sk³ss{U-äv)_n) BIvtkm-Wns\ s]mXnªp ImWp¶ `mKw (a-bn Dd)kn) BIvtkm-ssWänsâ A{K-̀ m-K v̄ ImW-s -̧Sp¶ apg-IÄ (kn-\m-]vänIv

t\m_v)

{]hÀ¯\w 4 1. \mUotImi-§Ä X½n-ep-ff kn\m]vkv ImWn-¡p¶ v̂tfm NmÀ«v ]qÀ¯o-

I-cn-¡pI

sU³ss{Uäv F tImi icocw

_n BIvtkm-ssWäv kn

ASp¯ \yqtdm-WnsâsU³ss{Uäv

F. sU³t{Um¬ _n. BIvtkm¬ kn. kn\m]vkv

2. \n§-fpsS I®n sdän-\-bn {]Xn-_nw_w cq]-s -̧«-Xn\v tijw \S-¡p¶{]hÀ -̄\-§Ä {Ia-̄ n Fgp-XpID¯cw1. {]Imi {Kmln-IÄ D±o-]n-̧ n-¡-s -̧Sp-¶p.2. Bth-K-§Ä cq]-s -̧Sp¶p3. Bth-K-§Ä t\{X-\mUn hgn Xe-t¨m-dnse ImgvN-bpsS tI{µ-̄ nÂ

F¯p-¶p.

3. Hcp B\sb \n§Ä ImWp-t¼mÄ \n§-fpsS c-v I®nepw B\-bpsS c-v{]Xn-_nw_§Ä D-m-Ip-¶p. F¶m Hä {]Xn-_nw-_-am-bmWv \ap¡v A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. AXv F´p-sIm--mhmw ?

\½psS Xe-t¨m-dnse ImgvN-bpsS `mK-amb skdn{_w c- v I®nepw D-m-Ip¶ {]Xn-_nw-_s¯ ka\z-bn-̧ n v̈ H¶m¡n amän ImWn-¡p-¶p. CXns\ Zznt\{X ZÀi\w F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

4. skdn-{_w, skdn-_-Ãw, saUpà H_vtfmw-tKä F¶n-h-bpSw {]hÀ -̄\-§Ä BWvXmsg sImSp-¡p-¶-Xv. DNn-X-ambh sXc-sª-Sp v̄ ]«nI ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡p-I.

F. _p²n, HmÀ½, Nn´, `mh\ XpS-§n-b-h-bpsS tI{µw_n t]io {]hÀ -̄\-§sf GtIm-]n-̧ n-¡p¶pkn. ico-c-̄ nsâ Xpe\ \ne ]men-¡p-¶p.Un. izmtkm-Ñmkw lrZb kv]µ\w XpS-§n-b-hsb \ob-{´n-¡p¶pC. IrXy-amb C{µob A\p-̀ hw {][m\w sN¿p-¶p.F v̂ ImgvN, tIÄhn, cqNn F¶nh Xncn-̈ -dn-bm³ klm-bn-¡p-¶p.

Pn. FÃm sFÑnI {]hÀ -̄\-§-sfbpw \nb-{´n-¡p-¶p.

skdn{_w skdn-_Ãw saUpe H_vfmw-tKäFC. _n knF^vPn Un

5.{ih-W-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« v̂tfm NmÀ«v ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡pI

i_vZ XcwKw > F > IÀ®-\mfw _n

AØn {iwJe HmhÂhn³tUm kn {ih-W-\mUn

Un <

F. sNhn-Ip-S, _n. IÀ®-]Sw kn. tIm¢nb Un, skdn{_w

6 KÔ IWn-I-IÄ aq¡n-\p-f-fn {]th-in¨v KÔw F¶ A\p-`hw D-m-Ip-¶-Xp-h-sc-bp-ff {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä Nn«-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-gp-XpI.

F.{LW{Km-ln-IÄ D±o-]n¨v Bth-K-§Ä D-m-Ip-¶p._n. KÔ IWn-I-IÄ hmbp-hn-t\m-sSm¸w aq¡n {]th-in-¡p-¶p.kn. Bth-K-§Ä skdn-{_-̄ nse KÔ-tI-{µ-̄ n F¯p-¶p.Un. tÇa {Zh-̄ n ebn v̈ KÔ IWn-I-IÄ {LmW {Kmln-bn F¯p-

¶p.C. skdn{_w KÔw F¶ A\p-̀ hw Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-¶p.

D¯cw _n, Un, F, kn. C)

{]hÀ¯\w 5

1, I®nsâ sshI-ey-§Ä Xncn-̈ -dnªv Imc-Ww, ]cn-lmc amÀ£-§Ä {_m¡-än \n¶v Is-¯n ]«nI ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡pI

AhØ ImcWw ]cn-lmcwlrkz-ZrjvSn F _nXnancw kn Un{]kv _tbm-]na(sh-f-f-gp-̄ v) C F^vt¥mt¡ma Pn F¨v

1. (t\Xr tKmf-̄ nsâ \ofw Ipd-bp-¶p, 2. se³kv amän-sh-bv¡Â imkv{Xob3. se³knsâ Cem-kvXnI \jvS-s -̧Sp-¶p, 4.tIm¬tIhv se³kv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I,5.I®n aÀ±w hÀ²n-¡p-¶p, 6.XpS-¡-¯n NnInÕ tXSp-I. 7. t\Xr e³kvAXm-cy-am-Ip-¶p., 8. tIm¬shIvkv se³kv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I)D¯cw x Fþ1, _nþ4, knþ7, Un.-þ2, Cuþ3, F v̂.-þ8 Pnþ5, F v̈-þ6)

2.X¶n-cn-¡p¶ Nn{Xw ]IÀ¯n hc v̈ Xmsg-̧ -d-bp¶ kzmZp-IÄ Gähpw IqSp-XÂA\p-̀ -h-s -̧Sp¶ `mK-§Ä AS-bm-f-s -̧Sp-̄ p-I.

1. D v̧

2. a[pcw3. ]pfn4. Ibv]v

D¯cw þ Fþ4, _nþ1, kn.-þ2, Unþ3Nn{Xw Xncn-̈ -dnªv Xmsg-̧ -d-bp¶ `mK-§Ä FsXm-s¡-sb¶v AS-bm-f-s -̧Sp-̄ pI

(F. AÀ²-hr-̄ m-Im-c-¡p-gÂ, _n. tIm¢o-b,F ico-c-̄ nsâ Xpe\ \ne ]men-¡p¶ `mKw_n. tIÄhnsb klm-bn-¡p¶ `mKwkn Nn{Xw F´ns\ kqNn-̧ n-¡p-¶p.

bqWnäv þ 2 {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä C§-s\bpw

1.bmZr-Ño-I-ambn Xobn Nhn-«p-t¼mÄ ImÂs]-s«¶v ]n³h-en-¡p¶pF. Cu {]hÀ -̄\-̄ nsâ t]sc v́ ? Bth-K-§-fpsS k©mc ]mX Xncn-̈ -

dnªv v̂tfm NmÀ«v Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡pI

Imense {Kmln-IÄ

_n

kn

Un

Imense t]in-IÄ

F. dn^vfIvkv {]hÀ¯\w_n. kwthZ \mUnkn. CâÀ \yqtdm¬Un. t{]cI \mUn

Xmsg ]d-bp¶ {]hÀ -̄\-§Ä knw]-X-änIv hyh-Ø, ]mcm-knw-]-X-änIv hyhØF¶n-§s\ ]«n-I-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

F. IrjvW-aWn hnI-kn-¡p¶p_n. Dan-\o-cnsâ DÂ]m-Z\w IqSp-¶p.kn. lrZb kv]Z\ \nc¡v Ipd-bp¶pUn. tlmÀtam¬ DZv]m-Z\w IqSp¶pC. DZ-cm-ib {]hÀ -̄\-§Ä Dt¯Pn¡-s -̧Sp¶pF^v. izmk \mfw hnI-kn-¡p-¶p.

D¯cwkn]XänIv hyhØ ]mcm-knw-]-X-änIvF.-Un. F v̂ _n, kn, C

III c-v tcmKn-I-fpsS tcmK-e-£-W-§Ä Xmsg-sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p¶p tcmK-hpw,Imc-W-§fpw Fgp-XpI

tcmKn þ 1 ]Ãv ISn v̈ ]nSn-¡pI\m¡v ISn-¡pIhmbn \n¶v \pcbpw ]Xbpw, At_m-[m-hØ ssIImep-I-fn-«-Sn-¡pI

tcmKn þ 2 t]in-I-fpsS {Ia-c-ln-X-amb Ne\w aqewhnd-bÂ, Dan-\oÀ HgpIp-I,ico-c-̄ nsâ Xpe-\m-hØ \jvS-s -̧SpI

D¯cw 1. A]-kvamcw þ ImcWw þ Xe-t¨m-dnse sshZypX Xcw-K-§Ä¡vD-m -Ip¶ {Ia-cm-lnXyw

D¯cw þ 2 ]mÀ¡n³k¬ þ ImcWw þ \mUo- 2. t]-i-I-amb tUm]m-ssasâId-hp-aqew.

4. tImfw _n bn D±o-]-\-§-fpsS {]Xn-I-cn-¡m-\p-ff Pohn-I-fnse hyXykvXkwhn-[m-\-§Ä X¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. tImfw F bnse Pohn-IÄ¡v A\p-tbm-Py-am-bhsXsc-sª-Sp¯v ]«n-I-s¸-Sp-¯pI

F _n1. bq¥o\ F. tP¡_v k¬ HmÀK¬2. ssl{U _n ss^tämt{Imw3. Cu¨ kn.-sFkvt]m«v4. huÆm Un. \mUo PmenI5. ]m¼v C. Ham-än-Unbw6. kkyw F v̂ AÄ{Sm-tkm-WnIv i_vZw

D¯cw1. kn, 2. Un, 3. C 4. F^v5. F 6. _n

5. \mUo-hy-h-Øsb _m[n-¡p¶ Nne tcmK-§Ä e£-W-§Ä, ImcWwF¶nh tImfw F, _n. kn F¶n-§s\ X¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. icn-bmb coXn-bnÂ{Iao-I-cn-¡pI

F _n knF.-AÂssj-aÀ I ssIImen-«Sn-¡pI 1. \yqtdm-Wp-I-fpsS

hmbn \n¶v \pcbpw ]Xbpw hcnI \miw_n. ]mÀ¡n³k¬ II HmÀ½ Ipdhv 2. tUm]mansâ

Ipdhvkn.A]-kvamcw III.ssIhnd-bv¡Â 3. sshZyqX Xcw-K-§Ä¡v

D-m -Ip¶ {Ia-cm-lnXyw

D¯cw þ F II - --þ (1) _n - III - (2) kn I - (3)

Xmsg ]d-bp¶ {]hÀ -̄\-§sf dn v̂fIvkv {]hÀ -̄\w, skdn-{_Â dn v̂f-Ivkv,I-o-j³ dn^vfIvkv F¶n-§s\ ]«n-I-s¸-Sp-¯pI.

1. bmZr-Ýn-I-ambn Xobn Nhn-«p-t¼mÄ s]s«¶v ]n³h-en-bp-¶p.2. I®n\v t\sc Hcp {]mWn ]d¶p hcp-t¼mÄ s]s«¶v I®-S-bv¡p¶p3. cqNn-tb-dm¯ Blmc ]ZmÀ°s¯¸än HmÀ¡-t¼mÄ Dan-\o-cnsâ DXv]m-Z\w IqSp-¶p.D¯cw 1. F, 2. _n. 3. kn

7. tUm]m-an³ F¶ \mUnb t{]j-I-̄ nsâ DZv]m-Z\w Ipd-bp-¶Xp aqewD -m -Ip¶ tcmKw?D¯cw þ ]mÀ¡n³k¬ tcmKw

8. ico-c-̄ nse cmk-L-S-I-§Ä hgn ktµi hn\n-abw \S-̄ p¶ GI-tImiPnhnD¯cw Aao_

imkv{Xw 3 (_-tbm-f-Pn)bqWnäv 3

{]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä¡v ]n¶nse ck-X{´w tam-U 1Bibw þ tlmÀtam¬ DÂ]m-ZI {KÙn-IÄ þ Øm\hpw þ tlmÀtam-Wp-Ifpw

Du¶Â taJe x tlmÀtam-Wp-IÄ DÂ]m-Zn-̧ n-¡-s]-Sp-¶Xv Fhn-sS-bm-Wv. Ah{]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv F§s\-bm-Wv.

1. {]hÀ¯\w þ 1än.-_n. t]Pv 34 Nn{Xwþ 3.1 tlmÀtam¬ DÂ]m-ZI {KÙn-IÄ hni-I-e\w

sNbvXv ]«nI ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡pI.

{KÙn Øm\w tlmÀtam¬ss]\nb F. þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ saetSm-Wn³_n þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ hr¡bv¡v apI-fn A{Un-\m-en³sFeäv Hm v̂ emwKÀ C. þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ C³kp-en³ ¥q¡tKm¬lm³kvUn. þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ ssXtdm-bnUv {KÙn ]mcm-sXÀtam¬

D¯cw F. Xe-t¨m-dv, _n. A{Un\Â, kn. ]m³{Inbmkv Un. ]mcm-ss\-tdm-bnUv

2. {]hÀ¯\w þ 2än.-_n. Nn{Xwþ 3.1 t]Pv 38 hni-I-e\w sNbvXv (c-à-̄ nse ¥qt¡m-knsâ

Afhv {Iao-I-cn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ hn[w) \nco-jn v̈ þ hni-I-e\w \S¯n Xmsg-sIm-Sp-̄ n-cn-¡p¶ Nn{Xo-I-c-W-̄ n F  tlmÀtam-Wnsâ t]cpw _n bn AXnsâ [À½-§fpw FgpXn ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡pI

cà¯n ¥qt¡m-knsâ Afhv IqSp¶p

sFeäv Hm v̂ emwKÀ lm³knse _oämtImi-§Ä Dt¯-Pn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.

F.þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþFþþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

_n þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþkn þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

¥qtIm-knsâ Afhv km[m-cW \ne-bn-te-b¡v

D¯cw F. C³kp-en³_n. F) C³kp-en³ ¥qt¡m-kns\ tImi-̄ n-tebv¡v IS-̄ n-hn-Sp¶ {]{Inb Xzc-Xn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p

_n) ¥qt¡m-kns\ ss¥t¡m-Pn-\m¡n amäp¶p

kn) ¥qt¡m-kns\ sImgp-̧ v, amwkyw F¶n-h-bm¡n amäp-¶p.

kpN-\-IÄ1. cà-̄ nse ¥qt¡m-knsâ km[m-cW tXmXv F{X-bmWv

2. cà-̄ n ¥qt¡m-knsâ Afhv IpT-bmsX {-I-ao-I-cn-¡-s -̧Sp-¶Xv F§-fs\

3. ]m³{In-bm-kn\v £Xw kw -̀hn v̈ _oäm Ii-§Ä ]qÀ®-ambpw {]hÀ¯\cln-X-ambn HcmÄ¡p--m-Im-hp¶ BtcmKy {]iv\-§Ä Fs´m-s¡-bm-bm-cn-¡pw.

apey \nÀ®bw1. {]tal tcmKw (U-b-_-änkv saen-ä-kv) tcmK-̄ nsâ {][m\ e£Ww F v́2. Cu tcmK-̄ n-\p-ff Imc-Ww- F-́ m-bn-cn¡mw3. {]tal tcmK-̄ n-\p-ff NnInÕ Fs´Ãmw4. ap{X-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn-eqsS {]tal tcmKw F§-s\-bmWv Is--¯p-¶Xv

{]hÀ¯\w þ 3 tImfw _n bn \n¶v kn bn \n¶v A\p-tbm-Py-am-bh sXc-sª-Sp v̄tImfw F bnse P\-§-fp-ambn tbmPn-̧ n-¡p-I.

FtcmKw _nImcWw kne£Ww1. s{I«-\nkw F. hmtÉm {]Ênsâ Ipdhv 1. t]in-IÄ henªp2. Ub-_-änkv _n. ]mcm-sXÀtam-Wnsâ Ipdh apdn-Inb AhØC³kn-¸n-Ukv 2. imco-cn-Ihpw am\3. sSä\nv k n. ssXtdmIvknsâ Ipdhv kn-I-hp-amb hfÀ¨

apcSn¡p-¶pUn. hfÀ¨m-tlmÀtam-WnsâIpdhv 3. aq{X-̄ n-epsS

[mcmfw Pew \jvS-s -̧Sp-¶p . .4. apJm-Øn-IÄ

hfÀ¶v hncq-]-am-Ip¶p

F _n knD¯cw (1) (Un) II

(2) (F) III(3) (_n) I

4. {]hÀ¯\w 4Nn{Xo-I-cWw \nco-£n v̈ tNmZy-§Ä¡v D¯cw Fgp-XpI

{KÙn Dt¯-Pn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ptXmXvIpd-bp¶p 1. ......................................

cà-¯nse ImÂky-̄ nsâtXmXv 10-þ12 an.{Kw/ 100 anÃn tlmÀtam¬

{khn-¡p¶p 2..............

3. [À½§ÄF. þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ_n. þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

1. Dt¯Pn-̧ n-¡-s -̧Sp¶ {KÙn GXv ? (1)2. B {KÙn ]pd-s -̧Sp-hn-¡p¶ tlmÀtam¬ GXv (2)3. B tlmÀtam-Wnsâ GsX-¦nepw 2 [À½-§Ä Fgp-XpI ( F, _n)

D¯cw 1. ]mcm-ssX-tdmbvUv2. ]mcm-sXÀtam¬3. F. ImÂkyw hr¡-bn \n¶v cà-̄ n-tebv¡v

_n. ImÂkyw IpS-en \n¶v cà-̄ n-tebv¡v

4, {]hÀ¯\w 4]Z-tPm-Un-I-fpsS _Ôw a\-Ên-em¡n hn«p-t]m-bh ]qcn-̧ n-¡pI

1. F) s{I«-\nkw - : sslt¸m-ssX-tdm-bn-Unkw

_n) FIvtkm-̂ vXmÂanIvtKmbn-äÀ : þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

kn) sStÌm Ìntdm¬ : ]pcp-j-ssew-KoI tlmÀtam¬

Un) Cukvt{Sm-P³ : þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

D¯cw _n) ssl¸À ssXtdm-bn-UnkwUn) kv{Xossew-KnI tlmÀtam¬

5. {]hÀ¯\w 5F. hgn-bn Hcp aqÀJ³ ]m¼ns\ I-v sR«nb Hcp Ip«nbpsS cà-¯n-tebv¡v Hcp tlmÀtam¬ {khn-¡-s -̧«p.

1. GXm-bn-cn¡mw B tlmÀtam¬2. Cu tlmÀtam-Wnsâ GsX-¦nepw 3 [À½-§Ä Fgp-XpI ? F) 1. A{Un-\m-en³ 2) * lrZ-b-an-Sn v̧ IqSp-¶p.

* cà-k-½À±w IqSp-¶p. * cà-̄ nse ¥qt¡m-knsâ Afhv IqSp-¶p.

_n) Pohn-bpsS ssZ\w Zn\ Pohn-X-̄ nse Xmf-{Iaw \nb-{´n-¡p¶ sae-tSm-Wn³ F¶ tlmÀtam-Wnsâ Hcp [À½w NphsS tNÀ¡p¶p aäv 3 [À½-§Ä IqSn Is-¯n Fgp-XpI

1) Dd-§fpw DW-cepw2) þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ3) þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ4) þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

D¯cw 2) Pohn-I-fpsS tZim-S\w 3) ]£n-I-fpsS tNt¡-d 4) tImgn-I-fpsS IqhÂ

kn Iq«¯nÂs¸-Sm-¯Xv I-p-]n-Sn-¡pI aäp-f-f-h-bpsS s]mXp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Fgp-XpI ?

(F) ssXtdmbvUv Ìnap-te-änwKv tlmÀtam¬, A{Unt\m þ tImÀ«nt¡mt{Sm]nIv tlmÀtam¬, hfÀ¨m tlmÀtam¬, tKmWmtUm t{Sm]nIvtlmÀtam¬

D¯cw F) hfÀ¨m tlmÀtam¬ aäv aq¶pw D±o]\ tlmÀtam-Wp-I-fm-Wv.

Un. \mUnbhpw cmko-b-hp-amb ktµi hn\n-ab kwhn-[m-\-§-fpsS kl-hÀ¯nXzw A´c ka-ØnXn ]men-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-Wv. Cu{]kvXm-h-\-tbm-Sp-ff \n§-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F v́ ?

D¯cw þ A{Un-\m {KÙn Dt -̄Pn-̧ n-¡-s -̧Sp-¶-Xnsâ ^e-ambn cà-¯n-tebv¡ A{Un-\m-en F¶ tlmÀtam¬ {ihn-¡-s -̧Sp-¶p.XÂ^-e-ambn

þ lrZ-b-an-Sn v̧ IqSp¶pþ cà k½À±w IqSp¶pþ ssIIm-ep-I-fn-tebv¡v cà {]hmlw IqSp¶pþ cà-̄ n-tebv¡ ¥qt¡m-knsâ Afhv IqSp¶p

þ knw]-̄ -änIv hyhØ Dt -̄Pn-̧ n-¡-s -̧Sp-t¼mÄ CtX {]hÀ¯\wXs¶-bmWv \S-¡p-¶-Xv.

tamU 2Bibw þ ^nd-tam-Wp-IÄ þ P´p-¡Ä Npäp-]m-Sn-tebv¡v {khn-¡p¶ktµi hmlI cmk-h-kvXp-¡Ä BWv.D¶Â taJe þ P´p-¡Ä X½n-ep-ff ktµiw hn\n-a-b-̄ n cmK-kn-á-ep-I-fmbn ^nd-tam¬{]tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p- - v .

1) {]hÀ¯\w þ ca-bpsS kwibw hfsc AIse \n¶p-t]mepw \nim-i-e-̀ -§Ä¡v Ah-bpsS CWsb BIÀjn-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶p. CXv F§s\ km[y-amIpw ?F) ca-bpsS kwi-b-̄ n\v \n§Ä F v́ adp-]Sn ]dbpw_n) asä-s´Ãmw Imcy-§-fmWv CXp-h-gn-bmbn P´p-¡Ä¡v e`n-¡p-¶Xv

D¯cw F) ^nd-tam-Wp-IÄ hgn ktµiw hn\n-abw \S-̄ p-¶pb_n A]mb kqN\ \ÂI· k©m-c-]mX \nÀ®-bn-¡Â· hmk-Ø-e-̄ nsâ ]cn[n tcJ-s -̧Sp-̄ n-¶-Xn\v

samUyqÄþ 3

Bibw þ hnhn[ kky tlmÀtam-Wp-IÄ

Du¶Â taJe þ kky-§-fn tlmÀtam-Wp-IÄ Dt-m Ds- -¦n Ah{]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv F§s\?

än.-_n. ]n. 48 þ se ]«nI hni-I-e\w sNbvXv tNmZy-§Ä¡vD¯cw Fgp-XpI

F) Iq«-̄ n Hä-s -̧«Xv GXv . aäv aq¶n-sâbpw s]mXp kz�mhwFgp-XpI

(1) HmIv-an-\p-IÄ (2) Knº-dn-ep-\p-IÄ (3) FYn-en³ (4)ssktäm ssI\n-\p-IÄ

D¯cw þ (3) FYn-en-\p-IÄ, aäv aq¶v tlmÀtam-Wp-Ifpw hfÀ¨sb klm-bn-¡p-¶-h-bmWv

_n) \m v̂X-en³ Ak-än-Iv, A_vkn-knIv BknUv ,C³tUmÄ _yqss«-dnIv Bkn-Uv, 24.Un

D¯cw 2. A_vkn-knIv Bkn-Uv. aäv aq¶pw IrXra kky tlmÀtam-Wp-IÄ BWv.

_n) Nn{Xw hni-I-e\w sNbvXv D -̄c-sa-gp-XpI än.-_n., ]n. 48 Nn{Xw .3.8.

F) Nn{Xw F´ns\ kqNn-̧ n-¡p-¶p.?_n) ImWvUm-{K-̄ nse tImi-§-fpsS ZoÀL-Im-c-W-̄ n\v Imc-W-sa v́ ?kn) Xmbv hcp-I-fpsS Imcy-̄ n Cu {]hÀ¯\w F§-s\-bmWv

D¯cw (F) (t]m-Ìohv \nÝnX {]Imi t{Sm¸nI Ne\w(_n) HmIvkn-\p-IÄ F¶ tlmÀtam-Wp-IÄ ImWvU-̄ n tImi-§-fpsS

ZoÀLoIcW¯n\v

{]hÀ¯\w 2än.-_n. t]Pv 49 se ]«nI hni-I-e\w sNbvXv NphsS \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ tNmZy-¯n\v D¯-c-sa-gp-XpI?(F) IrXra kky-tlmÀtam-Wp-I-fpsS I-p-]n-Sp¯w IÀj-Isc kw_-Ôn-¨-S-t¯mfw Bizm-k-I-c-am-Wv. Cu {]kvXm-h-\-tbm-Sp-ff \n§-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw Fgp-XpI

(_n) FsX-¦-epw 3 Ir{Xna kky-tlmÀtam-Wp-I-fpsS t]sc-gp-XpI

D¯cw F) Ir{Xna kky tlmÀtam-Wp-IÄ X-p-I-fn thcv apf-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\vklm-bn-¡p-¶p.

(F³.-F.-F)þ Dc-f-In-g-§n apIp-f-§Ä cq]-s -̧Sp-¶Xv XS-bp-¶p. AIm-e-̄ n Imbv

s]mgn-bpXv XS-bp-¶p. ( sF.-_n.-F)þ If-\m-in-\n-IÄ ( 24 Un)þ ]njv̧ n-¡Â, ^e-§Ä ]mI-aIÂ, (F-Yn-en³)þ FYn-tkm¬ þ dºÀ ]mensâ DÂ]m-Z\w Iq«m³þ _n) \m v̂X-en³ Ak-änIv BknUvþ C³tUmÄ _yqss«-dnIv BknUvþ FYn-en³

bqWnäv 8Pohsâ IY Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw

Bibw þ Pohsâ cmk-]-cn-WmawDu¶Â taJe þ `qan-bn Poh-\p--m-b-sX-§-s\. Pohsâ cmk ]cn-Wmaw km[q-

I-cn-¡-s -̧Sp-¶Xv F§-s\-bm-Wv.{]hÀ¯\w 1än._n t]Pv 107, 108 hni-I-e\w sNbvXv ]«nI ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡pI

imkv{XÚ³amÀ I - p -] n - S p¯wF) H¸m-cn³ þ lmÂtU³ 1. Atam-Wnb antY³ XpS-§n-b-h-bnÂ_n) ̳en anÃÀ þ ltcmÄUv bptd \n¶v Aant\m Bkn-Up-IÄ kwtÇ-

jn-¸n¨pkn) bphm³ Hmsd 2. ]cn-£-W-§-fn-eqsS A{Un-\nÂ

ss\{S-P³ t_kv kwtÇ-jn-̧ n-̈ pUn. kndnÄ s]m¶w s]cpa 3. AssP-hnI X·m-{X-I-fn \n¶v

AUn-t\m-kn³ \nÀ½n-¨p.4 Poh-\n-Ãm¯ LS-I-§Ä IqSn-tNÀ¶-t¸mÄ Pnh-\p- -m -bn.5. Aán ]ÀÆ-X-§ÄIcn-In-emWv BZyPohsâ DÂ`hw

D¯cw F þ 4

_n þ 1

kn þ 2

Un þ 3

{]hÀ¯\w þ 2F) emamÀ¡nsâ kn²m´w F v́ ?

_n emamÀ¡nsâ kn²m-́ -̄ nsâ ASn-Øm-\-̄ n v̂tfmNmÀ«v ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡pI

PohnX amä-§Ä¡v A\p-k-cn v̈Ah-b-h-§-fpsS D]-tbm-Khpw

\ncp-]-tbm-Khpw

F

ASp¯ Xe-ap-d-bn-te¡vssIamäw-sN-¿-s¸-Sp¶p

_n

D¯cw F Ah-b-h-¯nsâ LS-\-bn amäw D-m-Ip¶p _n ]pXnb Pohn hÀ£w cq]-s -̧Sp¶p

3. ]£n-IÄ, Dc-K-§-fn \n¶mWv ]cn-Wm-an-̈ -Xv. Cu Bi-b-̄ n\v Dt]mÂ_-e-I-ambn t^mkn tcJ-I-fn \n¶v e`n-¡p¶ sXfn-sh v́

D¯cw BÀ¡ntbm ]vä-dnIvkv

4. IoS-§sf \in-̧ n-¡m³ IoS-\m-in-\n-bpsS hocyw CS-bv¡nsS Iq«n-bn«pw IoS-§Ä AXn-Po-hn-¡p¶ hmg-Irjn \S-̄ p¶ Hcp IÀj-Isâ A`n-{]m-bs¯{]IrXn \nÀ²m-c-W-̄ nsâ ASn-Øm-\-̄ n kaÀ°n-¡pI

D¯cw þ D¸cnhÀ¯\w, {]IrXn \nÀ²m-c-Ww, ]pXnb Pohn hÀ£w

5. {]mNo\ Pohn-I-fpsS Ah-in-jvS-§Ä ]md-b-Sp-¡p-I-fn kwc-£n-s¸«hbmbn am{X-aà t^mkn-ep-IÄ e`n-̈ n-«p-f-f-Xv. aäv]e cq]-̄ nepwt^mkn-ep-IÄ e`n-¨n-«p-v GsX-¦nepw 2 F®w Fgp-Xp-I.

D¯cw þ Aw_-dn-\p-f-fn IpSp-§nb Pohn-IÄþ emhbn ]Xnª Ime-S-bmfw

6. Pohn-I-fn hyXn-bm\§Ä D-m-Ip-¶-Xnsâ Imc-W-§Ä

D¯cw þ {]IrXn \nÀ²-cWwþ Hä-s -̧SÂþ DÂ]-cn-hÀ¯\w

7. Pohn-IÄ¡v Hcp s]mXp ]qÀhn-I³ D-m-bn-cp-¶p. Cu {]kvXm-h\ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv \n§-fpsS \ymbo-I-cWw Fgp-XpI

D¯cw þ a\p-jy³, apX-e, Xnanw-K-ew, ]£n-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsSap³Im-e-§-fnse AØn-I-fn ImW-s -̧Sp¶ kmZriyw

8. BÀ¡n-tbm-]vsS-^n-Ivkn ImWp¶ GsX-¦nepw c-v DcK kz�m-h-§ÄFgp-XpI

D¯cw þ \s«Ãv hmep-hsc \o-p InS-¡p¶pþ sIm¡nse ]Ãp-IÄ

9. tbmPn-̈ h sXc-sª-Sp¡pI

F þ cm{Xn k©mcwþHäbv¡v Pohn-¡p¶ {]IrXwþ sNdp-{]m-Wn-Isf Blm-c-am-¡p-¶p.

_n þ a\p-jy\pw BÄIp-c-§p-Ifpw DÄs -̧Sp¶ elm IpSpw_w

kn) þ ]IÂk-©mcwIq«mb PohnXw`£Ww þ ]g-§fpw Ce-Ifpw

((1) slman-t\m-bntU (2) skÀt¡m-]n-̄ n-tImbvtU(3) t{]mkn-an-b³kv )

D¯cw Fþ 3 _n þ 1 kn þ 2

10. Poh ]cn-Wm-a-hp-ambn _Ô-ap-ff Hcp Pohn-bpsS Nn{X-amWv NphsS \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Nn{Xw

\nco-£n v̈ tNmZy-§Ä¡v D¯cw Fgp-XpI ?

än. _n. Nn{Xw 8.6 t]Pv 116

_n) Cu Pohn-bpsS khn-ti-jX F v́kn) Cu Pohn-bpsS t^mkn ]cn-Wm-as¯ km[q-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv F§s\?

F. BÀ¡n-tbm-]vsä-dn-Ivkv, Dc-K-̄ n-sâbpw ]£n-I-fp-sSbpw kz`m-hw,Un. DcK§-fn \n¶pw ]£n-I-fn-te-bv¡p-ff ]cn-Wmaw

11. a\p-jy³, Ipc-§v, BÄ Ipc-§v, XpS-§nb Pohn-Isf ss{]ta-äp-IÄ F¶vhn`m-K-̄ n DÂs -̧Sp-̄ p-hm³ ImcWw F v́

þ ssIIm-ep-I-fn 5 hnc-ep-IÄþ þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþþ þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþþþþ þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþþ þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

D¯cw þ F. aäv hnc-ep-I-tfmSv k½p-J-am-¡m-hp¶ Xf-f-hn-cÂ_n. Hcp tPmUn ape-¡m-¼p-IÄkn. ]c¶ \JwUn. Htc hkvXp-hn tI{µo-I-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ I®p-IÄ

12. F hn`m-K-̄ n tbmPn-̈ h _n hn`m-K-̄ n \n¶v sXc-sª-Sp v̄ Fgp-XpI F _nF) bpPn³ Upt_mbv 1) emh-bn s]mXnª a\pjy

]qÀho-I-cpsS ImÂ]m-Sp-IÄ Is-¯n

v_n) tUmWmÄUv tPmlm³ k¬ 2. Pmhm a\p-jy³kn) eo¡n IpSpw_w 3 . eqkn

D¯cw F þ 2, _n þ 3, knþ1

13. {]IrXn {]Xn-̀ m-k-§-fpsS Iq« \mi-§Ä ]e-t¸mgpw `qan-bn PohnhÀ¤§-fpsS Iq«-\m-i-§Ä kw`-hn-¨n-«p--v. C§s\ `qan-bn \n¶pw A{]-Xy-£-amb c-v Pohn-I-fpsS t]sc-gp-Xp-I.

D¯cw kzÀ® Xh-f, tUmtUm

14. B[p-\nI a\p-jy-\n-te-bv¡p-ff ]cn-Wm-a-̄ n {][m\ {]h-W-X-I-fnÂHsc®w NphsS \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶p. aäv c- v {]h-W-X-IÄ Is-¯n Fgp-Xp-I.

. Ccp-Im-en \S-¡m³ A\p-tbm-Py-amb icoc LS-\-bn h¶ amäw.

. þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

D¯cw þ `mj D]-tbm-Kn-̈ p-ff Bib hn\n-abw kn. akvXnjvI hnIm-kw)

15. NphsS sImSp-̄ n-cn-¡p¶ hwi-hr£w ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡pI

F. s{]kn-an-b³kv _n. þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ*cm{Xn k©mcw *]IÂ k©mcw* ........................... *Iq«mb PohnXw* ......................... *`£Ww ]g-§fpw Ce-Ifpw

kn. slman-t\mbnUntb*þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ*þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

Bt{´m-t¸mbvtU

ss{]taäp-IÄ

D¯cwF. Häbv¡v Pohn-¡p¶ {]IrXw sNdp{]mWn-Isf Blm-c-am-¡p¶p_n skÀt¡m-]n-̄ n-t¡mbvtkkn. a\p-jy\pw BÄIp-c-§fpw DÄs -̧Sp¶ alm-Ip-Spw_w

Chapter 4D]m-]-N-b-̄ n-\p-tijw

1. Ubm-en-kn-kpambn _Ô-s¸« v̂tfm NmÀ«v NphsS tNÀ¡p¶p . F. _n..F¶o hn«p-t]mb `mK-§Ä ]qcn-̧ n-¡p-I.

þ [a-\n-I-fn \n¶v hnkÀÖy hkvXp-¡-fpsS Afhv IqSnb càwkzoI-cn-¡p-¶p.

ip²o-I-cn v̈ càw XncnsI knc-I-fn-tebv¡v Ibän hnSp-¶p.

D¯cw F) càw I«-]n-Sn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-\mbn sl¸m-cn³ tNÀ¡p¶p

_n) Ir{Xna hr¡ hnkÀPy-§Ä thÀ¯n-cn-¡p¶p

2. F.-Un.-F-̈ nsâ DXv]m-Z\w aq{X-̄ nsâ Af-hns\ F§s\ kzm[o-\n-¡p-¶p.?D¯cw þ ag-¡m-e v̄ F.-Un.-F¨ sâ DXv]m-Z\w Ipd-bp-Ibpw aq{X-̄ nsâAfhv IqSp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. th\ÂIm-e v̄ F.-Un.F¨nsâ DZv]m-Z\w IqSp-Ibpw aq{X-̄ nsâ Afhv Ipd-bp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

3. Xmsg-̧ -d-bp¶ e£-W-ap-ff tcmK-taXv ?(I-e-§n-bXpw ISpw-\n-d-t¯mSp IqSp-b-Xp-amb aq{Xw, apJ¯pw IW-¦m-enepw]mZ-̄ nepw \oÀho-¡w)D¯cw þ s\ss{ -̂änkv

4. hr¡m-am-µy-̄ nsâ e£-W-§Ä Gh?D¯cw þ ico-c-̀ mcw Ipd-bp-I, hnfÀ¨, Xe-I-d-¡w, NÀ±n.

5. aq{X-̄ n IÃn\v Imc-W-amb kwbp-à-§Ä Gh?D¯cw þ ImÂkyw HmIvk-te-äv, ImÕyw t^mkvt^äv

6. s\ss{ -̂än-knsâ tcmK-Imcn ?kvs{S]vtäm-tIm-¡kv

7. ]Z-_Ôw a\-Ên-em¡n hn«p-t]m-bXv ]qcn-̧ n-¡pIcàw þ lotam-t¥m-_n³ þ aq{Xw þ þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ

D¯cw þ bqtdmt{Imw

8. aq{X-̄ nse LS-I-§Ä Gh ?D¯cw Pew, bqdn-b, tkmUnbw t¢mssd-Uv, s]m«mkyw t¢mssd-Uv,{Inbm-än-\n³, bqdnIv Bkn-Uv, t^mkv̂ -d-kv, ImÂkyw eh-W-§Ä

9. ico-c-̄ n bqdnb \nÀ½n-¡p-¶Xv F§-s\-bmWv?Hcp v̂tfm NmÀ«n-eqsS hyà-am-¡pI?

D¯cw Aant\m BknUv

hnLS\w

Atam-Wnb (c-àw)

bqdnb ImÀ_¬ UtbmIvsskUv

10. tNcpw-]Sn tNÀ¡pID¯cw

1. jUv]Zw þ F) hr¡ 1 þ Un2. ]pÃv þ _n) s\{^n-Unb 2. þ kn3. aÕyw þ kn) sslUm-t¯mSv 3. þ F4. a®nc þ Un) amÂ]o-Pn-b³ \mfn-IIÄ 4 þ _n

11. t¥ma-dp-emÀ ^nÂt{S-än³ Df-fXpw ap{X-̄ n CÃm-̄ -Xp-amb LS-I-§Ä Gh?D¯cw þ ¥qt¡m-kv, Aant\m Bkn-Uv, hnäm-an-\p-IÄ

12. hr¡-Zm\w alm-Zm\w F¶ skan-\m-dn hr¡-bpsS Acn¡Â {]{In-b-sb-¡p-dn-̈ p-ff A½p-hnsâ kwi-b-§Ä¡v \n§Ä¡v \ÂIm-hp¶ hni-Zo-I-c-W-§Ä Ghv ?1. hr¡-bpsS GsXÃmw `mK-§Ä Acn-¡Â {]{In-b-bn ]s¦-Sp-¡p-¶p.

2. t¥ma-dp-em ^n³t{Säpw ap{Xhpw X½n-ep-ff hyXymkw

D¯cw þ hr¡-bpsS ASn-Øm\ LS-I-amWv s\t{^m¬. hr¡m [a-\n-bpsS imJ-I-fmb A -̂dâ v shÊ imtJm-]-imJIfmbn ]ncn-bp-Ibpwho-pw IqSn-tNÀ¶v C^-dâ v shÊ-embn ]pd-t¯bv¡v t]mhp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. t¥ma-dp-e-Ên \n¶pw Dudnbnd-§p¶ {ZmhIw hr¡-\m-fn-I-bn-eq-sS IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ ico-c-̄ n\v Bh-iy-amb ]ZmÀ°-§Ä ]p\-cm-Ko-I-cWwsN¿p-Ibpw aäv hnkÀÖy ]ZmÀ°-§Ä tiJ-cW \mfn-bn-eqsS ]pd-t¯bv¡v hnSp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

13. tNcpw-]Sn tNÀ¡pID¯cw

1. a®nc þ F) bqdnIv BknUv 1. Un2. aÕyw þ _n) bqdnb 2. kn3. Xhf þ kn) Atam-Wnb 3. _n4. DcKw þ Un) ss\t{Sm-P-\nI hkvXp-¡Ä 4. F.

14. hr¡-Zm\w sN¿p-¶-Xnsâ alXzw hyà-am-¡p¶ Hcp t]mÌÀ \nÀ½n-¡pI

hr¡ Zm\w sN¿qPoh³ ]¦v hbvIq

15. aq{X-̄ nse bqdn-bbpsS km¶n²yw ]cn-tim-[n-¡m³ \S-̄ nb ]co-£-W-¯n \n§Ä \nco-£n¨ \nd hyXym-k-§Ä Gh?

^nt\m-^vX-en³ + bqdnb Fbqdnb + bqdn-tbkv _n

D¯cw þ F) ]mÂ\ndw _n) Nph v̧ \ndw

A²ymbw 7\½-sf-§s\ \½-fmbn

1. P\n-XI imkv{X-̄ nsâ ]nXmhv ?{KnKÀ tPmlm³ sa³UÂ

2. {]IS kz`mh \nbaw {]kvXm-hn-¡pI ?Hcp tPmUn hn]-coX KpW-§Ä IqSn-t -̈cp-t¼mÄ AXn-semcp KpWw

am{Xw {]I-S-am-Ip-Ibpw A]c KpWw ad-ªn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.

3. GI k¦-cm-\p-]mXw F{X?3 : 1

4. Zznk-¦-cm-\p-]mXw F{X?9 : 3 : 3 : 1

5. _oP-tIm-i-§Ä D-m-Ip-t¼mÄ ]mc-¼cy LS-IÄ¡p--m-Ip¶ amäw F´v?

_oP-tIm-i-§Ä D-m-Ip-t¼mÄ KpW-hn-ti-j§Ä \nÀ®-bn-¡p¶]mc-¼cy LS-I-§Ä tPmUn ]ncn-bp-Ibpw Hmscm¶pw Hmtcm enwK-tIm-i§fn-te¡v t]mIp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

6. Dbcw IqSnb Nph¶ ]pjv]-§Ä Dff kkyhpw (TTRR) Dbcw Ipdªshfp¯ ]pjv]-§Ä Dff kkyhpw (ttrr) X½n hÀ£ k¦-cWw \S-̄ n-b-t¸mÄ e`n¨ hnhn[ Xcw k´m-\-§-fpsS F®w sN¡À t_mÀUv X¿m-dm-¡pI?

TTRR ttrr

TR tr

Tt Rr x TtRr

TR Tr tR tr TR Tr tR tr

TR Tr tR tr

TR TTRR TTRr TtRR TtRr

Tr TTRr TTrr TtRr Ttrr

tR TtRR TtRr ttRR ttRr

tr TtRr Ttrr ttRr ttrr

9 : 3 : 3 : 1

7.tKm]n cmPp \n\¡v C{X sNdp-¸-¯nse Ij--nbpw \cbpw h¶tÃm?cmPp AXv R§-fpsS ]mc-¼-cyam !tKm]n \nsâ AÑsâ Xe-apSn Ct¸mgpw \c-̈ n-«n-ÃtÃm?cmPp AXv Fsâ A¸q-̧ sâ ]mc-¼-cyam

Cu kw`m-jWw hni-I-e\w sNbvXv sa³U-ensâ kzX{´ A]-hyq-l\\nb-a\w

km[q-I-cn-¡p-I.

D¯cw þ ct-m AXn-e-[n-Itam tPmUn hn]-coX KpW-§Ä IqSn-t¨-cp-t¼mÄAXn-temscm tPmUn KpWhpw A]c tPmUn-bp-ambn IqSn-I-e-cmsX XnI¨pwkzX-{´-ambn hym]-cn-¡p-¶p. CXmWv kzX{´ A]-hyql\ \nb-aw. ap¯-ȳsâtbm ap -̄Èn-bp-tStbm kz`m-h-§Ä AÑ-\-½-am-cn {]I-S-a-sÃ-¦nepwt]c-Ip-«n-I-fn {]I-S-\-am-Im-dp- - v.

8. tNcp-]Sn tNÀ¡pI

1. {^U-dnIv anjÀ þ F) Un.-F³.F2. hmÄ«À.-F-kv.-k-«³ þ _n) \yq¢nIv BknUv3. tPmlm³k-¬ þ kn) t{Ima-tkm-ap-I-fn ]mc-¼cy

LS-I-§Ä4. Bthcn þ Un) P\n-XI tImUv5. sJmdm\m þ C) Po³

D¯cw 1. _n2. kn3. C4. F5 Un

9. Xmsg X¶n-cn-¡p¶ \yq¢ntbm ssSUp-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn v̈ Un.F³.F bpsS Hcpkq£a LS\ \nÀ½n-¡pI

10. Xmsg X¶n-cn-¡p¶hbn \n¶pw Un.-F³.F bpsSbpw BÀ.-F³.FbpsSbpw khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Xcw-Xn-cn-s -̈gp-XpI

1) c - v Cg -IÄ2) Hcp Cg3) ssdt_mkv ]©-kmc4) UnHm-Ivko-ssd-t_mkv ]©-kmc5) ssXan³6) bqdm-knÂ

D¯cw þ Un.-F³.F BÀ.-F³.F1. c - v Cg -IÄ 1) Hcp Cg2. UoHm-Ivko-ssd-t_mkv 2) ssdt_mkv3. ssXan³ 3) bpdm-knÂ

11. Du\-̀ w-K-̄ nse Po³ hn\n-a-b-̄ nsâ hnhn[ LS-I-§-fpsS v̂tfm NmÀ«vhc-bv¡pI

D¯cw t{Imatkmw tPmUn

Po³ hn\n-abw Bcw`w

t{Imatkmw tPmUn-IÄ Po\p-IÄ ssIam-dn-b-t¸mÄ

Po\p-IÄ ssIam-dnb ]p{XnIm t{Ima-tkm-ap-IÄ

12. ]Z-_Ôw a\-Ên-em¡n ]qcn-̧ n¡pSÀWÀ kn³t{Umw : 44 + xUu¬ kn³t{Umw : ............................D¯cw þ 45 + x y

13. cmPp-hns\ ]cn-tim-[n¨ tUmIvSÀ þ Ip«n¡v tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ tijn hf-sc-Ip-dhpw hÔy-Xbpw _p²n-am-µyhpw ImWp-¶p. CXv GXv P\n-X-I tcmK-¯nsâ -e£-W-amWv?cmPp-hnse kzcq] t{Ima-tkm-ap-Ifpw F®w F{X?

D¯cw þ Uu¬ kn³t{Umw45 kzcq] t{Ima-tkm-ap-IÄ

14. kq£a Pohn-I-fmb _mIvSo-cob-sIm--mWv F©n-\n-b-dnwKv cwK¯v a\p-jy³ t\S-§Ä ssIh-cn-̈ -Xv. Cu {]kvXm-h-\sb km[q-I-cn-¡p¶ 2 DZm-l-c-W-§Ä Fgp-XpI?

D¯cw 1. P\n-XI F©n-\n-b-dnw-Kn-eqsS krjvSn¨ _mIvSo-cn-bsbsIm- v ]mÀiz ^e-§ÄCÃm¯ C³kp-en³ DZv̧ m-Zn-̧ n-¡p-¶p.

2. P\n-XI F©n-\n-b-dnw-Kn-eqsS krjvSn¨ _mIvSo-cn-bIfmWv kq¸À _¤p-IÄ

15. dotIm-¼n-\â v Un.-F³.F sSIvt\m-fPn am\-h-cm-in¡v t\«tam tIm«tamF¶ hnj-bs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n \n§-fpsS kv¡qfn \S¶ kwhm-Z-¯n F¯n-t¨À¶ \nK-a-\-§Ä Fs´Ãmw

D¯cw þ dotIm-¼n-\â v Un.-F³.F sSIvt\m-fPn kzmÀ° XmÂ]-cy-§Ä¡v th-n D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-Xn-cp-¶m kaq-l-¯n\v t\«w Xs¶-bmWvF¶ Bibw

16. P\n-XI F©n-\n-b-dnw-Kv lcnX hn¹-h-̄ nsâ ASn-Øm\w km[q-I-cn-¡pI?

D¯cw BT ]cp¯n BT h-gp-X\

Ch-bn-tebv¡v IS¯n hnSp¶ Po³ {]tXy-I-Xcw t{]m«o³ DXv]m-Zn-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw Ahbv¡v IoS-§sf \in-¸n-¡m-\p-ff Ign-hp--m-Ip-¶p.

bqWnäv 5

ka-ØnXn XI-cp-t¼mÄ

1. hn«p-t]mb ]Zw ]qcn-̧ n-¡pItcmKImcnI-fmb kq£va-Po-hn-IÄ¡v DZm-l-cW-w x _mIvSo-cn-b, sshd-

kp-IÄþþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþD¯cw tcmKImcnI-fmb kq£va-Po-hn-IÄ¡v DZm-l-cW-w_mIvSo-c-b-IÄ, sshd-kp-IÄ, t{]mt«m-tkm-h-IÄ

2. Xmsg X¶n-«p-ff ]«nI icn-bmb coXn-bn Fgp-XpI

F. tcmK-§Ä _n. tcmK-Im-cn-IÄ kn. e£-W-§Ä1 tImfd t{]m-t«m-tkmh I -̄̂ n càw2 a v́ sshdkv DZc thZ-\, ae-_Ôw3 £bw t{]m-t«m-tkmh icoc¯n Nph¶ ]mSp-IÄ4 hb-dp-ISn ss^tedn-b³ hnc enw^nsâ {]hm-l-̄ n XSÊw5 ae¼\n _mIvSo-cnb ae-̄ n càhpw I^hpw6 Nn¡³t]mIvkv _mIvSo-cob icocw Np«p-s]m-Åp¶ AhØ7 ssSt^mbnUv t{]mt«mtkmh Iªn-sh-ffw t]mep-ff aew

A tcmK-§Ä B tcmK-Im-cn-IÄ Ce£Ww

1. tImfd _mIvSo-cob Iªn-sh-ffw t]mep-ffaew

2. a´v ss^tedn-b³ hnc enw^nsâ {]hm-l-̄ nÂXSÊw

3. £bw _mIvSo-cob I -̄̂ n càw4. hb-dp-ISn t{]mt«mtkmh ae-̄ n càhpw

I^hpw5. ae¼\n t{]mt«mtkmh icocw Np«p-s]m-

Åp¶ AhØ6. Nn¡³t]mIvkv sshdkv icoc¯n Nph¶v

XnWÀ¯ ]mSp-IÄ7. ssSt^mbnUv _mIvSo-cob DZc thZ-\, ae-_Ôw

hn«p-t]mb ]Zw tNÀs -̄gp-XpI

3. hn v̄ hgn Icn-¼nsâ sN©n-b³

_mIvSo-cnb

sshdkv þþ-þ-þ-þ-þþ hmg-bpsS Ipdp-\m¼v

D¯cw ^wKkv hn v̄ hgn Icn-¼nsâ sN©o-b³_mIvSo-cnb hn v̄ hgn s\Ãnsâ ss»ävsshdkv IoS-§Ä hmg-bpsS Ipdp-\m¼v

tcmK-§fpw ]IÀ¨m coXn-Ifpw F¶ ]«nI ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡pI

tcmK-§Ä ]IÀ¨m coXn-IÄ

1. Nn¡³ Kp\nb F. hmbp-hn-eqsS2. U¦n-̧ \n _n. Fen-aq{Xw3. Fen-̧ \n kn. sImXpIv hgn4. ]£n-̧ \n Un sImXpIv hgn5. ]¶n-̧ \n C hmbp-hn-eqsS

1þ-kn, 2þ-Un, 3þ-_n, 4þ-F, 5þC

5. ]pI-h-en-bpsS Zqjy-h-i-§Ä hni-Z-am-¡p¶ c-v t]mÌÀ \nÀ½n-¡pI

]pI-hen Btcm-Ky-̄ n\v lm\n-Icw ]pI-hen Iym³kÀ tcmKs¯£Wn¨p hcp-̄ n-¶p.

6. elcn hkvXp-¡Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ Bfp-IÄ hml\w HmSn-¡p-t¼mÄ A]-IS km[yX IqSp-X-em-sW¶v ]d-bm³ ImcWw F v́?

D¯cw þ elcn hkvXp-¡Ä \mUo-hy-h-Øsb _m[n v̈ t]io {]hÀ -̄\-§-fpsSGtIm-]\w XS-Ê-s -̧Sp-̄ p-¶p. dn v̂f-Ivkp-IÄ kmh-[m-\-̄ n-em-Ip-Ibpw ASn-b-́ nc LS-I-§-fn s]s«¶v Xocp-am-\-§Ä FSp-¡m-\p-ff Ignhv \jvS-s -̧Sp¯p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p

7. 1. Acq¬ , hbÊv þ 10cà-̄ nse ]vtfäve-äp-IÄ, hnäm-an³ sI Ch km[m-cW tXmXnÂ{]tXy-In v̈ AWp-_m-[-bnÃsNdnb apdn-hn \n¶v cà-{]-hmlw IqSp-XÂ

2. kcnX hbÊv 12AcpW càm-Wp-¡Ä, lotam-t¥m-_n³ Ch-km-[-c-W-bnepw Ipd-hv,hnfÀ¨, Ae-k-X,£oWwta -̧dª 2 Ip«n-I-fp-sSbpw tcmK-§Ä Fgp-XpIlotam-̂ o-en-b, kn¡nÄsk A\o-anb

8. ico-c-̄ n\v tcmK-an-Ã-¦nepw aäv Nne LS-I-§Ä Btcm-Kys¯ _m[n-¡p¶pAh GsXÃmw ?

- kwLÀjw \ndª IpSpw-_m-́ -co£w- sXmgn-en-t\m-Sp-ff AXr]vXn- _mey-Im-es¯ A\n-jvSm-\p-`-h-§Ä-- Hä-s¸-S-ep-IÄ- sXmgn-Ãn-Ãmbva

9. kvIqfn-sebpw aäv s]mXp-Ø-e-§-fn-sebpw ap{X-̧ p-cbpw I¡qkpw hr¯n-bmbn kq£n-t¡-- -Xnsâ _m[yX \ap-¡p-v kv¡qÄ sl¯v ¢ºv F¶\ne-bn \n§Ä¡v Fs´ms¡ sN¿p-hm³ Ignbpw ?

· ]cn-k-c-§Ä hr¯n-bmbn kq£n-¡pI· Cu Øe-§-fn th-{X Pe e`yX Dd¸p hcp-¯p-I.· FÃm Znh-khpw AWp-\m-in-\nIÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡pI· hmXnepw shfn-̈ hpw e`y-am-¡Ww

10. Xmsg X¶n-cn-¡p¶ v̂tfm NmÀ«v t\m¡n hn«p-t]mb `mKw ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡pI

_mIvSo-c-b-IÄ^wK-kp-IÄ, sshd-kp-IÄ

_mIvSo-cnb a®n-eqsS ^wKkv hn¯n-eqsS sshdkv IoS-§Ähgn

hn¯v IoS-§Ä/ a®v

hgp-X-\-bnse s\Ãnsâ Ce-̧ p-ffn ]b-dnse hm«w Ce-bn ]pf-fn-IÄ samsskIv

\ndw amäw

AsÃ-¦nÂ

^wKkp-IÄ

hmbq-hn-eqsS

d_-dnsâ No¡v tcmKw

Ihp§v þ almfn Ipcp-ap-fIv sX§v Iq¼v NobÂ{ZpX-hm«w

e£Ww e£Ww e£Ww

hn«p-t]mb ]Zw tNÀs -̄gp-XpI

8. ^wKkv hn v̄ hgn Icn-¼nsâ sN¨n-b³

_mIv{Sob hn v̄ hgn s\Ãnsâ ss»äv

sshdkv IoS-§Ä hmg-bpsS Ipdp-\m¼v

D¯cw þ Fþ-̂ w-K-kv, _nþ hn v̄ hgn, kn þ s\Ãnsâ ss»äv, Unþ-ssh-d-kv, C.-Io-S-§Ä

9. kky-§-fpsS icn-bmb hfÀ -̈¡m-h-iy-amb hnhn[ ape-I-§Ä Ghv? kn F v̈. H (16 ASn-Øm\ ape-I-§Ä)

ssat{Im & amt{Im 7 6

10. kky-§Ä¡v ImÀ_¬, ssl{U-P³, F¶o aqe-I-§-fpsS A]-cym-]vXXtcmK-§Ä D-m -Im-dnÃ

F´p -sIm - v ?ImÀ_-Wnsâ Dd-hnSw A -́co-£-̄ nse ImÀ_¬ Utbm-IvsskUv

hmX-I-amWv. ssl{U-Psâ Dd-hnSw a®n \n¶v e`n-¡p¶ Pe-hp-am-Wv.

bqWnäv 6 kpc-£bpw NnIn-Õbpw

1. Xz¡nse Gähpw ]pd-sa-bp-ff ]mfnsIcmän³

2. ico-c-¯n apdp-hp--m-Ip-t¼mÄ B `mKw hn§p-Ibpw ]\n A\p-`-h-s -̧Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xv ico-c-̄ n\v KpWtam tZmjtam \n§-fpsS A`n-{]mbw tcJ-s -̧Sp-̄ p-I.

ico-c-̄ n\v cà-tem-an-I-I-fn \n¶v IqSp-X càw HgpIn F¯ntizX-c-àm-Wp-¡Ä Df-fn-tebv¡v IS-¡p-¶p. tcmK-§sf hngp§n \in-¸n-¡m³ XpS-§p¶ {]hÀ¯-\-amWv hn§Â{]Xn-I-cWw IqSmsSDjvamhv hÀ²n-̧ n v̈ tcmKm-Wp-¡Ä s]cp-Ip-¶Xv XS-bp-¶p.

3. Bân-P-\p-IÄs¡-Xnsc {]hÀ¯n¨v Ahsb \in-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp¶amwky X·m-{X-IÄ¡v ]d-bp¶ t]cv þ Bâo t_mUn-IÄ

hmIvknsâ I-p -]n-Sp -¯-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v c- v imkv{X-Ú-·m-cpsS t]cp-I-fmWv NphsS sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶Xv Ch-cpsS I-p-]n-Sn-¯-§-tfh?

4. hkqcn t]hnj _m[ þ eqbn-]m-ÌÀ FtUzÀUvP¶À

5. dm_okv hmIvkn³ I-p-]n-Sn-¨Xv þ eqbn-]m-ÌÀ

6. Poh-\p-f-ftXm arX-am-btXm Bb tcmKm-Wp-¡-sf-bmWv hmIvkn-t\-j\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. hmIvkn-t\-j³ F§-s\-bmWv ico-cs¯ tcmK{]Xn-tcm[ kÖ-am-¡p-¶Xv ?

hmIvkn-\p-I-fmbn D]-tbm-Kn v̈ tcmKm-Wp-¡Äs¡-Xnsc {]hÀ¯n-¡p-hm³ tizX càm-Wp-¡Ä¡sf ap³Iq«n kÖ-am-¡p-I-bmWv hmIvkn-t\-j-\n sN¿p-¶-Xv.

7. tcmK-§Ä hmIvkn³

£-bw FsSä\Êv þt]mfntbm kmÂIv hmIvkn³Un^vXo-cnb _nhnó Npa Un.-]n.äna p - n \ oc v kn

D¯cw F þ _n.-kn.-Pn, _n þ Un.-]n.-än, kn þ Fw.-Fw.-BÀ

X¶n-cn-¡p¶ ]«nI ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡pI

8. kz´w icoc tImi-§sf {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m³ enwt^m-ssk-äp-IÄ¡v Ign-hp--v. F¶m kzbw {]Xn-tcm[ sshI-ey-§-fn kz´w tImi-§sfXs¶ enwt^m-ssk-äp-IÄ \in-̧ n-¡p-¶p. CXn\v Hcp DZm-l-cWw Fgp-XpI

D¯cw hmX-̧ \n

9. t\{X Zm\-̄ nsâ alXzw hyà-am-Ip-hm³ DX-Ip¶ Hcp t]mÌÀ X¿m-dm-¡pI

t\{X Zm\walm-Zm\w

10. Ah-bhw amän shbv¡Â ikv{X-{Inb \S-¯p-t¼mÄ {]Xn-tcm[tijnsb AaÀ¯p-¶-Xn-\p-ff acp-¶p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-t¡---Xnsâ Bh-iy-IX hni-Z-am-¡pI

Ah-bhw amän hbv¡p-t¼mÄ ]pXn-b-Xmbn tNÀ¯v hbv¡p¶ Ah-bhw A\y-h-kvXp-hmbn icocw AXns\ ImWp-Ibpw {]Xn-tcm[{]hÀ¯\w \S-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. CXn-\mbn {]Xn-tcm[ tijnAaÀ¯p-¶-Xn-\p-ff acp-¶p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p.

11. Unkw-_À 1 temI FbvUvkv Zn\-t¯m-S-\p-_-Ôn v̈ \S-̄ nb skan-\m-dn Hcp Ip«n FbvUvkv ]I-cp¶ coXn Ah-X-cn-̧ n-̈ p. Fs´ms¡bm-bn-cn¡pw Ip«n Ah-X-cn-̧ n-̈ Xv

1. kpc-£n-X-a-Ãm¯ ssewKoI _Ôw,2. AWp-hn-ap-à-am-Im¯ kqNn-IÄ3. cà \nth-i\w4. A½-bn \n¶v Ipªn-te-bv¡v.

12. tNcpw-]Sn tNÀ¡pI

kvs]jy-sse-tk-j³ sshZy-imkv{X taJe

F. ]nUn-bm-{SnIvkv 1. Iym³kÀ NnInÂk_n. sPdn-bm-{SnIvkv 2. lrZb NnInÕkn. ImÀUn-tbm-fPn 3. inip-tcmK NnInÕUn \yqtdm-fPn 4. t\{X NnInÕC Hm^vXmÂtam-fPn 5. kv{XotcmK NnInÕF^ ssK\-t¡m-fPn 6. aq{X-imb NnInÕPn bqtdm-fPn 7. \mUo-tcmK NnInÕF¨v tdUn-tbm-fPn 8. hmÀ²Iy -tcmKwsF C.-F³.Sn 9. Xz¡v, sNhn, aq¡v tcmK NnInÕsP Hmt¡m-fPn 10. tdUn-tb-j³ NnInÕ

D¯cw þ F þ 3, _nþ 8

1. .]nUn-bm-{SnIvkv þ inip-tcmK NnInÕ2. Hmt¦m-fPn þ Iym³kÀ NnInÂk3. sPdn-bm-{SnIvkv þ hmÀ²Iy -tcmKw4 ImÀUn-tbm-fPn þ lrZb NnInÕ.5. \yqtdm-fPn þ \mUo-tcmK NnInÕ6. Hm^vXmÂtam-fPn þ .t\{X NnInÕ7. ssK\-t¡m-fPn þ kv{XotcmK NnInÕ8. bqtdm-fPn þ aq{X-imb NnInÕ

9 tdUn-tbm-fPn þ tdUn-tb-j³ NnInÕ10. C.-F³.Sn þ Xz¡v, sNhn, aq¡v tcmK NnInÕ

14. Bân _tbm-«n-¡p-IÄ XpSÀ -̈bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv ico-c-̄ n\v tZmj-I-c-ambn Xocpw Cu {]Øm-h\ km[qIcn-¡pI

D¯cw þ Bân _tbm«n¡p-I-fpsS XpSÀ -̈bmb D]-tbmKw tcmK-Wp-¡-fnÂAXn-Po-h-\-tijn D-m-¡pw.

-þ ico-c-̄ nse D]-Im-cn-I-fmb _mIvSo-cn-b-Isf \in-̧ n-¡p-¶p.- icn-c-̄ n Nne hnäm-an-\p-I-fpsS Afhv Ipd-bv¡p¶p

15. cà-Zm\ Zn\-t¯mSv A\p-_-Ôn v̈ dmen \S-̄ p-hm³ Hcp kv¡qfnse Ip«n-IÄ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. CXn-\p-th-n c- v ¹¡m-Up-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡pI

cà-Zm\w cà-Zm\w \S¯qalm-Zm\w Poh³ c£o¡q

16. cà \nth-i\w \S-¯p-t¼mÄ {i²n-t¡- Imcy-§Ä Fh

D¯cw- 18 hb-Ên\v apI-fn-ep-f-f-hÀ- tcmKhn-ap-I-ßm-bn-«p-f-f-hÀ- cà-{Kq-¸p-I-fpsS tNÀ¨- 300 anÃn càw am{Xta \nth-i\w sN¿mhq

17. BÀ.F¨v s\K-äohv Bbn-«p-ff A½ c-m-aXpw BÀ.-F¨v t]mkn-ähv BbIpªns\ KÀ`w [cn-̈ m A½bv¡pw Ipªn\pw tZmj-amWv. A\p-hnsâA`n-{]m-bt¯mSv \n§-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F v́. hni-Z-am-¡pI

D¯cw þ BÀ.-F v̈ t]mkn-ähv Bb BZy Ipªnsâ P\-\-k-a-b v̄ A½-bpsS cà-̄ n BÀ.-F-̈ v. Bânt_mUn cq]-s]-Smw. A½ BÀ.-F v̈ s\K-äohvBb-Xp-sIm-v A½bv¡v tZmj-anà F¶m c-m-as¯ BÀ.-F¨v t]mkn-ähvBb Ipªnsâ cà-¯n-tebv¡v ¹mkâ hgn BÀ.-F-¨v. FXn-cmbBânt_mUnIÄ {]thin-¡p-Ibpw AcpW càm-Wp-¡Ä I«-]n-Sn v̈ Fcnt{Xm»mtÌm-knkv ^näm-enkv F¶ tcmKm-hØ D-m-Ip-¶p.