{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øns‚ 45˛mw h¿jw

imk v {X - a m -k nI

]n.B¿.N{μ-tam-l≥

46

]cn-ÿn-Xn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ

]n _n F≥

42

Imen-sUm-kvtIm]v

23

kam-l-cWw :

{]ho¨, kp\n¬, apcfn, PÃn≥

]dn-®p-\-So¬

kμ¿i\wF.tk-Xp-e£van

22

kn\-kvXo-knbtUm.-F-kv.-cm-tP-{μ≥

16

ImgvNbv-°-∏pdw]n.-kp-\n¬tZhv

50

πmÃn-°ns\ kvt\ln-°pItUm.F.kpPnØv

6

Hcp Is≠-Øepw Ipd®v IÆocpw]n.-kp-\n¬tZhv

10

XÆo¿Ø-S-߃C.-A-_vZp¬ laoZv

12

N{μ-bm≥-˛2, 2017 ¬

hnt£-]W PmeIw

Unbm≥ t^mkn

e°w520

2014 -s^{_p-hcn

P¥p-°sf ]cn-l-kn-°¬tIm¨dmUv temd≥kv

18

Bbv ˛ Bbv

UnPn‰v ≠v

kqcy≥ D®n-bn¬Pn.-_m-e-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿

34

IØn°p-tºmƒ

πmÃn-°p-Iƒ D≠m-°p∂

]cn-ÿnXn {]iv\-߃

Cc-´n-°p-∂p. πmÃnIv

amen-\y-߃ ssPh-hn-

L-S-\-Øn\v henb

tXmXn¬ hnt[-b-am-

ImsX \nc-h[n h¿j-

߃ aÆn¬ InS-°pw.

`mc-X-c-Xv\w, tdmb¬

skmssk‰n AwK-Xzw,

se\n≥ kam-[m\ kΩm-\w...

Aßs\ \nc-h[n ]pc-kvIm-

c-߃ cma≥ t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v.

kap-{Z-Pew Ib-dp∂ {]tZ-i-߃ Dƒs∏-

sS-bp≈ NXp-∏p-\n-e-ßfpw Ic-Ifpw

XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fm-Wv. Ah {]Ir-Xn-Z-Øtam

Ir{Xn-atam BImw. Ah-bn-ep-≈Xv Hgp-Ip-

∂tXm sI´n-\n¬°p-∂tXm Bb- ip≤-P-

etam D∏p-sh-≈tam BImw.

hnP-b-Ip-am¿ ªmØq¿

30

t¢mk∏v

2014 s^{_p-hcn � e°w 520

{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øns‚ 45˛mw h¿jw

imkv{X -am -knI

tUm._me-Ir-jvW≥ sNdq-∏ (FUn‰¿)

]n.-Fw. KoX (amt\PnMv FUn‰¿)

Fw -Sn apcfn (Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿)

s{]m^.- sI ]m-∏q´n]n kp\n¬tZhv{]ho¨N-{μtUm. ]n apl-ΩZv jm^nhnP-b-Ip-am¿ ªmØq¿PÃn≥ tPmk-^vtUm. jmPn F≥Sn ]n hniz-\mY≥C -A-_vZpƒ laoZvtUm.- ]n -Fw -kp-tcjvtaml-\-Ir-jvW≥ ImeSnA]¿W a¿t°mkv

Nn{Xo-I-cWw

kXojvte Hu v & {Km^nIvkv

d\ojv sI ]n

]{Xm-[n]kanXn

hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy˛ ` 125

H‰-{]Xn˛ ` 12.

UnUn/ Fw H Ab-bv°pI

hcn-°m-cpsS {]iv\-ßfpwhcn-kw-Jybpw Ab-bv°m-\p≈hnemkw:amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿,

imkv{X-tI-c-fw,

Nme-∏pdw ]n H,

tImgn-t°m-Sv˛ 673002

e mail : ksspmagazine@gmail.com

Ph: 0495 2701919

IØp-Ifpw cN-\-IfpwAb-bvt°≠ hnemkw:FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-tI-c-fw,

Nme-∏pdw ]n H,

tImgn-t°m-Sv˛ 673 002

e mail : sasthrakeralam@gmail.comwww.kssp.in

149 DØcwt^mt´m-Iznkv-

�

{^©v Iem-Im-c\pw t^mt´m-{Km- -dp-am-bn-cp∂ eqbn PmsIzkv UmsKz-

b¿. t^mt´m t{]mk- n-ßn\v Um-sKztdmssS∏v I≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv

At±lw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. t^mt´m-{Km-^n-bpsS ]nXm-°-fn-sem-cm-fmbn

At±lw ]n∂oSv Adn-b-s∏-´p. t^mt´m-{Km-^n-bnse kw`m-h-\-IfpsS t]cn-

emWv {][m-\-ambpw Adnb-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¶nepw \s√mcp Nn{X-Im-c≥Iq-Sn-bm-bn-

cp-∂p At±lw.

{^m≥kn¬ 1787 \hw-_¿ 18 \v eqbn PmsIzkv UmsKz-b¿ P\n-®p. {^m≥-

knse BZysØ ]t\m-ca Nn{X-Im-c\m-bn-cp∂ ]nbdn {]nthm-Ãn-s‚-b-

SpØp\n∂v hmkvXp-hn-Zybpw Xntb-‰¿ cq]-I¬]-\bpw ]t\m-ca s]bv‚nßpw

]Tn-®p.

1829 ¬ UmsKz-b¿ \nsk-t^m¿ \o]vkp-ambn tN¿∂v {]h¿Øn-°m≥

XpSßn. Aß-s\-bmWv t^mt´m-{Km- n-sb°p-dn-®p≈ Kth-j-W-Øn-te°v Xncn-

™-Xpw Um-sKztdmssS∏v I≠p]n-Sn®Xpw. At±lw 1839 ¬ {^©v A°m-

Zan Hm^v kb≥k-kn¬ Xs‚ I≠p-]n-SpØw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw A°m-

Zan AwK-߃ AXns\ ap‡-IWvTw {]iw-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXmsS

Um-sKztdmssS∏ns\-°p-dn-®p≈ hm¿Ø \mSmsI ]c-°m≥ XpSßn. UmsKz-

bdn\pw \o]vkns‚ aI≥ Ckn-tUm-dn\pw Bbp-jvIme s]≥j≥ \¬In-

s°m≠v {^©v Kh¨sa‚ v Um-sKztdmssS∏ns‚ Ah-Imiw Gs‰Sp-Øp. 1839

HmKÃv 19 \v {^m≥kns‚ D]-lm-c-ambn AXv temI-Øn\p ka¿∏n-®p. 1939

¬ UmsKz-bdns\ \mj-\¬ A°m-Uan Hm^v Unssk-\n-te°v sXc-s™-

SpØp.

1851 Pqsse 10 \v UmsKz-b¿ A¥-cn-®p. Cu^¬ tKm]p-c-Øn¬ sImØn-

sh® 72 t]cp-I-fn¬ H∂v UmsKz-bdnt‚Xm-Wv.

eqbn PmsIzkv UmsKz-b¿

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬

s^{_p-hcn 2014 5

tImgn-sb-t∏m-‰m≥ Ipdp-°s\ G¬∏n-°pI F∂ ]g-s©m-√ns\ \ΩpsS ]cn-

ÿnXnkwc-£W {]h¿Ø-\-߃ CS-bv°nsS Hm¿an-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. G‰hpw Ah-

km-\-tØXv ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-t_m¿Uv sNb¿am≥ t\XrXzw \¬Inb IΩn-‰n-bpsS

ip]m¿i-I-fm-Wv.

IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´v tIc-fob kml-N-cy-Øn¬ hne-bn-cpØn \S-∏m-°p-

∂-Xn\v th≠ \n¿tZ-i-߃ \¬Im≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´Xv ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-t_m¿Uv

sNb¿am≥ t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ aq∂wK IΩn-‰n-bm-Wv. ]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿_e {]tZ-i-߃

Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ h\w-h-Ip-∏n\v A[n-Imcw \¬Ip∂ C.F^v.-F¬. (E.F.L) -\n-baw A∏msS

]n≥h-en-°-W-sa-∂mWv IΩn-‰n-bpsS {][m\ ip]m¿i. CXv IΩo-js‚ At\z-j-W-]-cn-

[n-bn¬s∏-Sp∂ hnj-bta As√∂v ]ecpw kqNn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ \ymbo-I-c-W-ß-fpsS {]hmlw

Xs∂-bp-≠m-bn. IpSn-tb‰ I¿j-I-cpsS IÆo¿ teme-lr-Z-bcmb IΩn-‰n-bw-K-ßsf h√msX

De-®p-hs{X! I¿j-I¿°v ]n∂n¬ B´n≥tXm-e-Wn-™p \n∂n-cp∂ am^n-b-I-sf-sbm∂pw

ip≤-lr-Z-b-cmb IΩn-‰n-bw-K-߃ I≠n-cn-°m-\n-S-bn-√. `c-W-I-£n-bn¬ \n∂v t]mepw

FXn¿∏v h∂-t∏mƒ IΩn-‰n-bw-K-߃ A¬∏w Pmfy-X-bn-em-bn-´p-≠v.

]›n-a-L´ kwc-£-W-sØ-∏-‰n D]-tZiw \¬Im\p≈ IΩn-‰n AwK-ß-fpsS tbmKy-

X-sb-∏‰n Bcpw kwi-bn-°p-∂n-√. ]t£ A¬∏w {]Ir-Xn-kvt\-lw, a\p-jys\ {]Ir-Xn-

bpsS `mK-ambn ImWm-\p≈ hnime ho£Ww, A\yw-\n-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Pohn-h¿K-ß-tfm-Sv

A¬∏w A\p-Xm]w CsXms° ssPh sshhn-[y-t_m¿Uv sNb¿am-s\-¶nepw ImWnt°-

≠-X-s√. C.F^v.F¬.-\n-baw kw_-‘n®v X¿°-ß-fnepw tIkp-I-fnepw s]´p-In-S-°p∂

Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v slŒ¿ h\-`qan \„-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-te°v \bn-°p∂ ip]m¿i-Iƒ \¬Ip-

tºmƒ "{_q´t  \obpw' F∂v A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-

∂-hsc Ip‰w-]-d-bm≥ ]‰ptam? IΩn-‰n-bpsS

CtX dnt∏m¿´n¬Øs∂ h\-ta-J-e-bpsS Hcp

Intem-ao-‰¿ ]cn-[n-bn¬ Izmdn-Iƒ ]mSn√

F∂Xv Ac Intem-ao-‰¿ ]cn-[n-bn¬ F∂m°-

W-sa∂ ip]m¿ibp-≈-Xn¬ \n∂v Bsc-bmWv

kwc-£n-°m≥ Dt±in®-sX-∂-Xn\v "¢q'In´pw.

ImSns‚ mK-ambn Pohn-°p∂ BZn-hmkn kaq-

l-ß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-sØ-∏-‰n-sbm∂pw IΩn‰n

Nn¥n-®n-´p-t]m-ep-an-√. Ah-sc-sbms° ]cn-K-

Wn® KmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿´v B¿°v thWw?

KmUvKn¬, IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ

{]Ir-Xn-kvt\-ln-Iƒ thm´v cm{„o-b-Øns‚

Xnan-c-an-√msX hne-bncpØp-tºmƒ CØcw

tkmt±i ip]m¿i hnZ-Kv[¿ Bi-b-]-c-ambn

A\m-hr-X-cmbn \n¬°p∂ ImgvN Zb-\o-b-am-

Wv. {]Ir-Xn-sb, AXns‚ D¬∏-∂-ß-sf, A¤p-

Xm-Z-c-ß-tfmsS t\m°n-°m-Wp∂ a\- ns‚ DS-

a-Iƒ \ΩpsS A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ A\yw-

\n-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn\v/ CØcw ÿm\-ß-fn¬

\n∂v Ahsc AI-‰n-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v DØ-c-hm-

Zn-I-fm-hp-∂-h-cs√ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ sX‰p-Im¿?

BcpsS sX‰v ?

FUn-‰¿

imkv{X-tI-cfw6

Pohn-X-ku-I-cy-߃ h¿[n-∏n°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ D¬∏-∂-߃ F∂pw a\p-

jys\ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. C∂sØ kaq-l-Øn¬ Ch-bn¬ {][m-\-s∏´

H∂mWv πmÃnIv k©n-Iƒ. ^vfIvkv jo‰p-I-fmbpw ]mt°-PnMv jo‰p-I-fmbpw

CXns‚ hnhn-[-cq-]m-¥-c-ßsf \ap°p ImWmw. CsX√mw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-tXm-

sSm∏w Xs∂ CØcw D¬∏-∂-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂ ]cn-ÿnXn {]iv\-ßfpw \mw N¿®

sNøp-∂p-≠v. Fßns\ CØcw {]iv\-ßsf adn-I-S-°m-sa∂v \man-t∏mƒ Nn¥n-®p-

Xp-S-ßn-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepw dossk-¢nwKv, D]-tbmKw Ipd-bv°¬, _Z¬ am¿K-ß-fp-]-

tbm-Kn-°¬ F∂o am¿K-ß-fmWv \man-t∂sd apt∂m-´p-sh-bv°p-∂-Xv. dossk-¢nwKv

sNøp-tºmƒ πmÃn-°p-Iƒ Hcp cq]-Øn¬ \n∂v as‰mcp cq]-Øn-te°v am‰pI am{Xta

sNøp-∂p-≈q. {]Ir-Xn-P-\y-amb hkvXp-°-fp-]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ _Z¬ am¿K-߃ {]tbm-

K-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm\pw Gsd _p≤n-ap-´p-I-fp-≠v. IØn-°p-tºmƒ πmÃn-°p-Iƒ

D≠m-°p∂ ]cn-ÿnXn {]iv\-߃ Cc-´n-°p-∂p. Hcp IW-°-\p-k-cn®v πmÃnIv amen-

\y-߃ ssPh-hn-L-S-\-Øn\v henb tXmXn¬ hnt[-b-am-ImsX \nc-h[n h¿j-

߃ aÆn¬ InS-°pw.

{]IrXn F¥p-sN-øp∂p?{]Ir-Xn-bpsS ]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬ Fßn-s\-bmWv ]e-Xcw hnL-S-\-߃ km[y-

am-Ip-∂-sX∂v t\m°mw. hnL-S\ {]{In-b-Isf c≠p coXn-bn¬ ]d-bmw. H∂v bm{¥n-

I-amb {]h¿Ø\w sImt≠m Xm]w sImt≠m D≈ hnL-S-\w. km[m-cWbmbn

CXv HmIvkn-tU-j≥, sslt{Um-fn-knkv F∂o cmk-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ aqe-ap-≠m-Ip-

∂-XmWv. CXns‚ ^e-ambn hnL-S\w kw`-hn-°m-sa-¶nepw sNdnb s]mSn-I-fpsS

cq]-Øn¬ CXv `qan-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Spw. CØcw hnL-S-\-amWv \ΩpsS πmÃnIv Ih-

dp-Iƒ°v kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv s]mSn™ cq]-Øn¬ AXv aÆns‚ LS-\sb

am‰n-a-dn-°p-∂p. c≠m-a-tØXv ssPh-hn-L-S-\-am-Wv. CXv kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv _mIvSo-cnb

As√-¶n¬ ^wKkv t]mep≈ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ F≥ssk-ap-Iƒ

tUm.-F.-kp-PnØv,Akn-Âv s{]m^-k¿, F≥.-sF.Sn Imen-°‰v

Kth-jWw

s^{_p-hcn 2014 7

F∂ cmk-]-Zm¿Y-ß-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w aqe-am-Wv. CØcw

F≥ssk-ap-Iƒ BZyw ssPh-th-Ãp-Isf {Zmh-I-cq-]-Øn-

em-°p-Ibpw hnL-Sn-∏n®v Im¿_¨ ssU HmIvsskUpw

Pehpw ]pd-Øp-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Agp-Ip-∂-Xn-t\m-

sSm∏w _mIvSo-cn-b-߃ s]‰p-]-cp-Ip-Ibpw amen-\y-ßsf

hnL-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CX-√msX

IqWp-I-fp-sSbpw CØn-°Æn t]mep≈ sNSn-I-fp-sS-bpw,

]£n-I-fp-sS-bpw, arK-ß-fp-sSbpw cq]-Ønepw {]IrXn

amen\y \n¿am¿P-\-Øn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p.

{]Ir-Xn-bpsSA]-cn-Nn-XXzw

F¥n-s\bpw Aen-bn-°p∂ aÆn\v As√-¶n¬ {]Ir-

Xn°v F¥p-sIm≠v πmÃn-°ns\ \in-∏n-°m≥ km[n-°p-

∂n-√? DØcw Ipd®v XØz-Nn-¥m-]-c-am-Wv. a\p-jy-\p-≠m-

°nb CØcw kwbp-‡-߃ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS \nb-a-

߃s°-Xn-cm-Wv. As√-¶n¬ {]Ir-Xn°v A]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv.

F√m πmÃnIv kwbp-‡-ßfpw s]t{Sm-fnbw sIan-

°¬kn¬ \n∂mWv D≠m-°p-∂-Xv. s]t{Sm-fnbw kwbp-

‡-߃ {]Ir-Xn-bnse t^mkn-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂p-ap-≠m-Ip-

∂-Xt√? ]t£ t\csØ ]d-™-Xp-t]mse {]Ir-Xnbv°v

Xo¿Øpw A]-cn-Nn-X-amb CØcw tImºn-t\-j-\p-Isf

henb Xma-k-an-√msX \in-∏n-°m-\p≈ hnZy ChnsS

t{]m{Kmw sNø-∏-´n-´n-√. t]mfn-Øo-\n¬ ssl{U-P-s‚bpw

Im¿_-Wn-s‚bpw henb sNbn-\p-I-fmWv D≈-Xv. Cu

sNbn-\p-Iƒ hfsc Nn´-tbmsS ASp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-

sIm≠v (Nn{Xw 1 t\m°p-I) CØcw πmÃn-°p-Iƒ Dd-

t∏-dn-b-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX CXnse CH2 Iƒ XΩn¬ _‘n-

∏n-®ncn-°p∂ GI-_-‘\w (single bond) hfsc _e-ta-

dn-b-Xm-Wv. CXv ssPh-hn-L-S-\sØ Hcp Xc-Ønepw klm-

bn-°p-∂-X-√. AXm-bXv _mIvSo-cn-b߃ Chsb I≠-

`mhw \Sn-°n-√. Ah¿°v AXv ISn-®m¬ s]m´mØ Hcp

`£-W-]-Zm¿Y-as{X! ]q¿W-ambpw Im¿_¨, ssl{U-

P≥ F∂n-h-sIm≠v \n¿an-°-s∏-´-Xn-\mepw Nn´-bmb {Iao-(Nn{Xw 1)

dossk-¢nwKv sNøp-tºmƒ πmÃn-°p-Iƒ Hcp cq]-Øn¬ \n∂v as‰mcp cq]-Øn-te°v am‰pI am{Xta sNøp-∂p-≈q. IØn-°p-tºmƒ πmÃn-°p-Iƒ D≠m-°p∂ ]cn-ÿnXn {]iv\-߃ Cc-´n-°p-∂p. πmÃnIv amen-\y-߃ ssPh-hn-L-S-\-Øn\v henb tXmXn¬ hnt[-b-am-ImsX \nc-h[n h¿j-߃ aÆn¬ InS-°pw.

imkv{X-tI-cfw8

I-cWw aqehpw CXn\v Pe-Øn-t\mSv B`n-apJyw hfsc

Ipd-hmWv (hydrophobic). ck-X-{¥-]-c-ambn ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ cmk-kw-bp-‡-ß-fnse Zzn_-‘-\hpw (double bond)-OH, >C=0 F∂o {Kq∏p-I-fpsS kzm[o-\hpw ssPh-hn-L-

S-\sØ Gsd klm-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. CØcw t]mfn-a¿

X∑m-{X-I-fmWv a\p-jy-\nepw a‰v Poh-Pm-e-ß-fn-ep-ap-≈-Xv.

CØcw X∑m-{X-Iƒ Pe-Øn-t\mSv Gsd B`n-ap-Jy-ap-≈-

hbpw (hydrophillic) _mIvSo-cn-bsb £Wn®v hcp-Øp-∂-

Xp-am-Wv. CXp-t]m-se-Øs∂ ASp°pw Nn´-bp-ambn X∑m-

{X-Isf {Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp ssPh-]-Zm¿Y-amWv sk√p-

temkv (k-ky-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ {][m-\-s∏´ t]mfn-sa-dp-

Iƒ). CXn¬ GI-_-‘-\-am-sW-¶nepw CXn-ep≈ ˛OH{Kq∏p-Iƒ sh≈-tØmSv B`n-apJyw D≈-h-bm-Wv. Ch

ssPh-hn-L-S-\sØ Imcy-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. F∂mepw

acw Po¿Wn-°m≥ Hcp ]mSp Ime-sa-Sp-°p-∂Xv {i≤n-°p-I.

CXn\v sk√p-temkv X∑m-{X-I-fpsS ASp°pw Nn´-bp-amb

{Iao-I-c-W-Øn\v \μn ]d-bmw.

ssPh-hn-L-S\ πmÃn-°p-Iƒ]q¿W-ambpw aÆn-e-en-bp∂ t]mfn emIvSnIv BknUv

(PLA), t]mfn FYn-eo≥ ss•t°mƒ (PLG), XpS-ßnb

cmk-kw-bp-‡-߃ I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\m-sb-¶nepw ]mt°-

Pnßv t]mep≈ D]-tbm-K-߃°v CXp-t]m-ep-≈h A\p-

tbm-Py-a-√. ImcWw CØcw πmÃn-°p-Iƒ Pe-Øn-t\mSv

IqSp-X¬ B`n-ap-Jy-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv. CXns‚ \n¿am-Whpw

]mI-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°epw sNe-th-dnb {]{In-b-I-fm-Wv.

F∂n-cp-∂mepw CØcw πmÃn-°p-Iƒ BXpc ip{iq-jm-cw-

KØv Imcy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn C∂p-

]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ikv{X-{Inb \qep-Iƒ, Im]vkyqƒ \n¿am-

W-Øn¬ acp-∂ns\ s]mXn-bp∂ t]mfn-sa-dp-Iƒ F∂nh

]q¿W-ambpw ssPh-hn-L-S\w km[y-am-Ip∂ hnj-h-kvXp-

°-f-√mØ cmk-kw-bp-‡-ß-fm-Wv.

Babpw apbepw IYCØcw Ah-ÿ-bn¬ t]mfn-Øo≥ t]mep≈ πmÃn-

°p-Isf {]Ir-Xnbv°v IqSn kzoIm-cy-amb hn[-Øn¬ cq]-

s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bmWv Hcp {][m-\-s∏´ am¿Kw. CXv

Hcp-X-c-Øn¬ πmÃn°pw {]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-amb aÆn-e-en-bp∂

hkvXp-°fpw XΩn-ep≈ Hcp HØp-Xo¿∏m-Wv. Hcp Babpw

apbepw IY-t]mse! Babpw apbepw a’-c-Øn¬ apb¬

Dd-ßn-t∏m-bXpw Ba Pbn-®-Xp-amb IY kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-W-

t√m. Cu IY-bpsS c≠pw aq∂pw \mepw `mK-߃ t\m-

°mw. c≠mw-`m-K-Øn¬ apb¬ ho≠pw Basb ]¥-b-Øn-

\v hnfn-°p-∂p. Dd-ßmsX {i≤n®v HmSn AXv hnPbw

ssIh-cn-°p-∂p. aq∂mw `mK-Øn¬ Ba apb-ens\ sh√p-

hn-fn-°p-∂p. ]t£ a’cw Ic-bn-e-√, sh≈-Øn-em-Wv.

Ba Pbn-®p. \memw-`m-K-Øn¬ Babpw apbepw HØp-

Xo¿∏n-se-Øp-∂p. Ic-bn-eqsS k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ba apb-

ens‚ ]pdØpw shf-f-Øn-eqsS k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ apb¬

Ba-bpsS ]pdØpw F∂ HØp-Xo¿∏n-se-Øn. GXm-≠n-

Xp-t]m-se-bmWv aÆn-e-en-bmØ πmÃn°pw Aen-bp∂

{]Ir-Xn-P-\y-amb hkvXp-°fpw XΩn-ep≈ tImºn-t\-j-

\p-Iƒ. CØcw tImºn-t\-j-\p-Iƒ a\p-jy-\n¿an-X-amb

πmÃn-°ns‚ A\-h[n aSßv KpW-ta-∑-bp-≈-hbpw {]Ir-

Xn-bpsS ssPh-hn-L-S\ {]{In-b-Kp-W-߃ Hc-f-hp-h-sc

ImWn-°p-∂-h-bpam-Wv. CØcw A\p-tbm-Py-amb Iq´n-

t®¿°-ep-Iƒ Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb kwc-£n-

°pw. Cu {]{In-b-bn¬ G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏-´Xv Akw-

kvIr-X-h-kvXp-°-fpsS sXc-s™-Sp-∏m-Wv. AXm-bXv Hcp

C\w πmÃn-°n\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ssPh-hn-L-S\ km[y-

X-bp≈ hkvXp-°-fpsS Xnc-s™-Sp-°¬. {]Ir-Xn-bn¬

kpe-`-am-bp≈ A∂Pw (Starch), sk√p-tem-kv, ssI‰n≥

F∂o hkvXp-°ƒ ]q¿W-ambpw ssPh--hn-L-S-\-Øn\v

hnt[-b-am-Ip∂ t]mfn-a-dp-I-fm-Wv. πmÃn°pw CØcw hkvXp-

°fpw XΩn-ep≈ ]e tImºn-t\-j-\p-Ifpw ]T\ hnj-b-ß-

fm-Wv. Fßns\ {]Ir-Xn-bv°-\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-- bn¬ πmÃn-

°ns\ sacp-°n-sb-Sp°mw F∂-XmWv {][m-\w.

kvt\ln®vsacp-°n-sb-Sp-°¬

apI-fn¬ ]d-™-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ {]{In-b-Isf \ap°v

"kvt\ln®v sacp-°n-sb-Sp-°¬' F∂p hnfn-°mw. Pohn-

X-Øns‚ GXm≠v F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

t]mfn-Øo-\ns\ {]Ir-Xn-bv°-\p-tbm-Py-am-°m≥ \S∂

]T-\-ß-f-{Xbpw D∂w sh®Xv km[m-cW coXn-bn-ep≈

As√-¶n¬ `uXn-I-amb coXn-bn-ep≈ Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-I-fm-

(Nn{Xw 2)

a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ henb IpXn-®p-Nm-´-Øn\v Gsd klm-bn® πmÃn-°p-Isf i{Xp-hmbn ImWmsXAXns\ kvt\ln®v {]Ir-Xnbv°vA\p-tbm-P y-amb hn[-Øn¬ Hcp-°n-sb-Sp-°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.

s^{_p-hcn 2014 9

bn-cp-∂p. CØcw tImºn-t\-j-\p-I-fn¬ Iq´n-t®¿Ø

Ãm¿®v t]mep≈ hkvXp-°ƒ°p am{Xta ssPh-hn-L-S\w

kw`-hn-°p-I-bp-≈q. AXp am{X-a-√, Hcp ]mt°-Pnßv Ih-

dns‚ KpW-߃ henb Hcfhphsc tIm{º-ssakv sNtø-

≠n-h-cpw. Chn-sS-bmWv cmk-]-c-ambn am‰-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂

Xc-Øn-ep≈ tImºn-t\-j-\p-Iƒ.

Hcp hn[-Øn-ep≈ cmk-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°pw Ffp∏w

hnt[-b-am-Im-Ø-XmWv t]mfn-Øos‚ LS-\-sb∂v t\c-

sØ ]d-™p-h-t√m. F∂m¬ Kmam-hn-In-c-W-߃ D]-tbm-

Kn®v CXnse C -H _‘\sØ s]m´n®v cmk-{]-h¿Ø-\-

Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-am-°n-Øo¿°m≥ Ign-bpw. Cßs\

s]m´nb `mKØv ssPh-hn-L-S-\-Øn\v km[y-am-Ip∂ h-

kvXp-°sf Hcp aq∂m-as‚ klm-b-tØmsS sh®p-]n-Sn-∏n-

°p-∂p. Cu {]{In-b-bpsS Hcp Nn{Xo-I-cWw Nn{Xw ˛2 ¬

ImWmw. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ cmk-kw-bp-‡-߃°v ssPh-

hn-L-S-\-Øn\v Imc-W-°m-cmb ^wK-kp-Isf / _mIvSo-cn-

b-ßsf t]mfn-Øo-\n-te°v £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw.

Cß-s\-bp≈ \qX\ πmÃn-°n-te°v ^wK-kp-Isf £-

Wn-®p-h-cp-Øp-∂Xv CXnse ssPh-t]m-fn-a¿ LS-I-ß-fm-Wv.

F≥.-sF.Sn Imen-°-‰n¬\S∂ ]co-£-W-߃

CØcw ]co-£-W-ß-fmWv F≥.-sF.Sn Imen-°‰v

sIankv{Sn hn`m-K-Ønse sa‰o-cn-b¬ dnk¿®v em_n¬

CubnsS \S-∂-Xv. t]mfn-Øo-\ns\ cmk-]-c-ambn aen°v

A≥ssl-ss{UUv F∂ cmk-hkvXp D]-tbm-Kn®v IS¬

Pohn-I-fpsS ]pdw-tXm-Sn¬ \ns∂-Sp-°p∂ (R-≠v, sNΩo≥,

iwJv apX-em-b-) ssIt‰m-km≥ F∂ ]Zm¿Y-hp-ambn _‘n-

∏n-°m≥ ]pXnb ]co-£-W-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn Ign-™n-´p-

≠v. Cu kwbp-‡-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v ]cn-ÿn-Xn-°n-W-ßp∂

]pXnb ]mt°-Pnßv ^nen-ap-Iƒ kr„n-®p. t]‰‚ v FSp-

°msX F¬k-hn-b¿ ]ªn-t°-js‚ sIan-°¬ F©n-

\o-b-dnwKv tP¿W-en¬ Cu ]T-\-߃ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cn-

°pIbm-Wv.

CØcw ]mt°-Pnßv ^nen-ap-I-fpsS \n¿am-W-Øn¬

{][m-\-s∏´ as‰mcp LSIw ]mtam-bn¬ BWv. πmÃnIv

D¬∏∂ \n¿am-W-Øn\v km[m-cW D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hnj-

h-kvXp-°-fmb Xmte‰pIƒ, ssKt°m-fp-Iƒ F∂n-hsb

am‰n-\n¿Øn-bmWv ]mtam-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

t]mfn-Øo≥ ˛ ssIt‰m-km≥ ^nen-ap≈ ssIt‰m-km≥,

]mtam-bn¬ F∂o LS-I-߃ wK-kp-Isf (a-Æn¬ ImW-

s∏-Sp∂ Bkv]¿Kn√kv ss\P¿) t]mfn-Øo≥ ^nen-an-

te°v £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw ssPh-hn-L-S\w thK-Øn-

em-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Bkv]¿Kn√kv ss\P¿ L´w-L-

´-ambn ]pXnb ^nen-ap-I-fn¬ hf-cp-∂-Xns‚ Zriy-߃

Nn{Xw 3¬ sImSp-Øn-cn -°p-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-Øs∂

]pXnb ^nen-ap-Iƒ aÆn¬ Ipgn-®n´p \S-Ønb ]co-£-

W-ß-fn¬ C∂v D]-tbm-K-Øn-ep≈ t]mfn-Øo≥ Ih-dp-I-

tf-°mƒ 35 iX-am\w A[nIw hnL-S\w ImWn-°p-I-bp-

≠m-bn. Cu Zriy-߃ Nn{Xw 4¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv

ImWp-I.

]pXp-Xmbn \n¿an® t]mf-Øo≥ ssIt‰m-km≥ nen-

ap-I-fpsS h¿[n® ssPh-hn-L-S\£aX, _mIvSo-cn-b-ßsf

{]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\p≈ Ign-hv, hnj-h-kvXp-°-fmb LS-I-ß-

fpsS A`mhw F∂o khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ aqew CØcw nen-

ap-Isf `£-W-]-Zm¿Y-ß-fp-sSbpw \ntXym-]-tbmK km[-

\-ß-fp-sSbpw Ih¿ \n¿am-W-Øn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-

sa∂v em_n¬ \S-Ønb ]co-£-W-ß-fn¬ sXfn-™n-´p-

≠v. \mt\m seh-en-ep≈ ssIt‰m-km≥ D]-tbm-Kn®v Cu

KpW-߃ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ sa‰o-cn-b¬ dnk¿®v em_n-

s‚ {ia-߃°v tIcf kmt¶-XnI ]cn-ÿnXn Iu¨kn¬

[\-k-lmbw hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

Cu coXn-bnep≈ Kth-j-W-߃ C∂v kaqlw D‰p-

t\m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ henb

IpXn-®p-Nm-´-Øn\v Gsd klm-bn® πmÃn-°p-Isf i{Xp-

hmbn ImWmsX AXns\ kvt\ln®v {]Ir-Xnbv°v A\p-

tbm-Py-amb hn[-Øn¬ Hcp-°n-sb-Sp-°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.

]pXnb Kth-j-W-^-e-߃ AXns‚ XpS-°-am-Wv.

(Nn{Xw 3)

(Nn{Xw 4)

�

IptN-e-hrØw h©n-∏m-´n¬

cma-]p-c-Øp-hm-cy¿ hnh-cn-°p∂ Hcp

aplq¿Ø-ap-≠v. Kpcp-Ip-e-Øn¬ ]≠v

Hcp-an®v ]Tn-®n-cp∂ IptN-e≥, HØncn

Ime-Øn-\p-tijw IrjvWs\ ImWm-

s\-Øp-I-bm-Wv. Zqsc-\n∂v hcp∂ Ip-

tNes\ Ggmw amfnI apI-fn-en-cp∂v

I≠ IrjvW≥ Ic-™-Xm-bmWv hm-

cy-cpsS hnh-c-Ww. A¥-Ws\ I≠n-

´p-≠mb kt¥m-jtam AtXm Abm-

fpsS Zb-\o-bm-hÿ I≠n-´p-≠mb

k¥m-]tam F¥m-bn-cn°mw IrjvW-

s\ Ic-bn-®Xv F∂v ktμ-ln-°p-I-bm-

Wv Ihn. AXv ]e-t∏mgpw Aß-s\-

bm-Wv. kt¥m-jhpw k¶-Shpw \sΩ

Ic-bn-°pw. ]t£, 1930 Unkw-_¿

10\v tÃm°vtlm-an¬ \S∂ NS-ßn¬-

sh®v KpkvXmhv cmPm-hn¬ \n∂v uXn-

I-im-kv{X-Øn-\p≈ s\mt_¬ ]pc-

kvImcw G‰p-hm-ßnb kn.hn cma≥ F-

¥p-sIm-≠mWv IÆo¿hm¿Øp-sIm≠v

kz¥w Ccn-∏n-S-Øn¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øn-

bXv F∂-Xn¬ ktμ-l-Øn\v hI-bn-

√. `uXn-I-im-kv{X-Øn-\p≈ s\m-

t_¬ t\Snb BZy Gjy-°m-c≥ F-

∂ A`n-am-\-a√ At±-lsØ Ic-bn-®-

Xv. cma≥ s]mgn-®Xv B\-μm-{ip-°-fm-

bn-cp-∂n-√.

B kμ¿`-Øn¬ F¥mWv Xs∂

hnIm-c-hn-£p-œ-\m-°n-bXv F∂v At±-

lw ]n∂oSv hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. ""B lm-

fn¬ Rm≥ I≠Xv F\n°v Np‰pw IS-

e-e-Iƒ t]mse \nc-∂n-cn-°p∂ ]m-

›mXy apJ-ß-sf-bm-Wv. C¥y-°m--

c\mbn Xe-∏mhpw tIm´pw [cn® Rm≥

am{Xw. s]s´-s∂-\n°v a\- n-embn

Rm≥ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Fs‚ P-

\-X-sb-bm-Wv, Fs‚ cmPy-sØ-bm-Wv

F∂v. KpkvXmhv cmPm-hn¬ \n∂v ]pc-

kvImcw kzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ Rm≥ Xn-

I®pw hn\-bm-\zn-X-\m-bn. Xncn®v \S-

°p-tºmƒ, Fs‚ Ccn-∏n-S-Øn\v ]n-

∂n¬ {_n´ojv ]Xm-I-bmb bqWn-b≥

Pm°v ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv I≠p. F-

s‚ km[p cmPy-Øn-\v, C¥ybv°v, kz-

¥-ambn Hcp ]Xm-I-t]m-ep-an-s√∂v A-

t∏mƒ Rm≥ Xncn-®-dn-™p... AXm-

sWs∂ I-c-bn-®-Xv.'' (C¥y A∂v

{_n´ojv `c-W-Øn≥ Iogn-em-bn-cp-∂-

t√m). kz¥-ambn Hcp ]XmI t]mep-

an-√mØ cmPy-Øp-\n-s∂-Øn, s\m-

t_¬ thZn-bn¬ amXr-cm-Py-Øns‚

sImSn-b-S-bmfw ÿm]n® {]Xn-`-bmWv

N{μ-ti-Jc sh¶n-´-cm-a≥.

1921¬ e≠-\n¬ t]mbn aS-ßnb

I∏¬ bm{X-bv°n-S-bn-emWv cmas‚ {i-

≤ kmK-c-\o-en-a-bn-te°v Xncn-™-sX-

∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. BIm-i-Øns‚ \o-

e-\ndw {]Im-i-Øns‚ {]Io¿W-\-hp-

ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn sdbveo {]`p

(Lord Rayleigh) hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. F∂m¬ KK\ \oen-a-bpsS

{]Xn-^-e-\-amWv kmK-c-\o-en-a-bpsS

ImcWw F∂ sdbveo {]`p-hns‚ hni-

Zo -I-cWw cma\v Xr]vXn -I-c -ambn

tXm∂n-bn-√. XpS¿∂p \S-Ønb ]T-\-

ß-fn¬ \n∂v {]Im-i-{]-I¿W\Øn-eq-

sS-bmWv kap-{Z-P-ehpw B¬]vknse

a™p-]m-fn-Ifp-sams° \oe-\n-d-am¿Pn-

°p-∂Xv F∂v cma≥ Is≠-Øn. F∂v

am{X-a-√, {]Io¿W-\-Øn-\n-S -bn¬

sNdn-sbmcp `mKw civan-I-fpsS Xcw-K-

ssZ¿Lyw hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbpw

cma≥ Is≠-Øn. {]Io¿WnX {]Im-

i-Øn-\p-≠m-Ip∂ Cu hyXn-bm-\-am-Wv

cma≥{]-`mhw F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

hbvt°m¬°q-\-bn¬ Hfn-∏n® kq-

Nn Xncn-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse ZpjvI-c-am-bn-

cp∂p cmas‚ ZuXyw. {]Io¿W\ hn-

t[-b-am-Ip∂ ]Øp-e£w {]Im-i-I-W-

ß-fn¬ Hsc-Æ-sam-s°-bmWv CØ-c-

Hcp Is≠-ØepwIpd®v IÆocpw

]n. kp\n¬tZhv

imkv{X-tI-cfw10

Øn¬ hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \·-t\-{X-

ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v XpS-ßnb \nco-£Ww

IqSp-X¬ IrXy-X-bv°mbn kvs]Ivt{Sm-

kvtIm-∏n-tebv°pw ]ns∂ {]Io¿WnX

{]Im-i-Øns‚ Nn{X-sa-SpØv Xcw-K-

ssZ¿Lyw IrXy-ambn Af-°m≥ Ign-

bp∂ Izm¿Svkv kvs]Ivt{Sm-{Km-^n-te-

°pw ]ptcm-K-an-®p. cmas‚ hm°p-I-fn¬

]d-™m¬ "I¬°-Ø-bn¬ kpe-`-am-

bn-cp∂' kqcy-{]-Im-i-am-bn-cp∂p XpS-°-

Øn¬ ]co-£-W-Ønse {]Im-i-t{km-

X- v. 1927¬ In´nb A]-h¿Ø\ Zqc-

Z¿in\n D]-tbm-Kn®v CXns‚ Xo{hX

h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-™p. ASp-Ø-sIm-

√-am-b-t∏m-tg°pw sa¿°pdn B¿°v

hnf-°p-Iƒ kpe-`-am-bn. Ah Iptd-

°qSn Xo{hamb {]Im-i-t{km-X- p-I-fm-

bn. h¿j-߃ \o≠ {]bXv\w 1928

s^{_p-hcn 28\v ]q¿Øn-bm-bn.

B[p-\nI imkv{X-Øns‚ apJy-

[m-c-bn¬ \n∂-Ise \S-∂-Xm-sW-¶n-

epw Cu Is≠-ج imkv{X-tem-I-

Øns‚ {i≤]n-Sn-®p-]-‰m≥ am{Xw {]m-

[m-\y-ta-dn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. s\mt_¬ k-

Ωm-\w, cma≥ {]`mhw imkv{X-tem-

IØv sNep-Ønb {]`m-h-Øns‚ sN-

dnb kqN\ am{Xta BIp-∂p-≈q. I≠p-

]n-Sp-Ø-sØ-Øp-S¿∂p≈ Ggp h¿j-

߃°n-S-bn¬ Fgp-\q-tdmfw {]_-‘-

߃ AXp-ambn _‘-s∏´v cNn-°-s∏-

´p. Ch-bn¬ an°Xpw `uXn-I-imkv{X

{]_-‘-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXnb Izm≠w

kn≤m-¥-Øn\v cma≥ {]`mhw Dd®

]n≥_-e-am-bn. 1930IfpsS Ah-km-\-

tØm-sS-bmWv ck-X-{¥-⁄¿ cma≥

{]`m-h-Øns‚ {]tbm-K-£-aX Xncn-®-

dn-™-Xv. {]Io¿WnX {]Im-i-Øn¬

cma≥ Is≠-Ønb hyXn -bm -\w,

{]Imiw IS-∂p-t]m-cp∂ am[y-a-Øn\v

A\p-kr-X-am-Wv. cma≥ kvs]Iv{S-߃

AXXp am[y-a-ß-fpsS hnc-e-S-bm-f-ß-

fm-sW∂v ]d-bmw. Aßs\ cma≥

{]`mhw t\m¨ Unkv{S-Iv‰ohv sIan-

°¬ A\m-en-kn-kns‚ apJy D]m-b-

ambn amdn. IqSp-X¬ kwth-Z-\-£-a-

amb Un‰-Iv‰-dp-I-fpsS hnI-k-\hpw

Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn-Ivkns‚ apt∂-‰-ßfpw

ImcWw C≥{^m-sdUv kvs]Ivt{Sm-

{Km^n A\m-bm-k-am-b-tXmsS \m¸-

Xp-I-fn¬ Cu ÿm\w \„-am-sb-

¶nepw Adp-]-Xp-I-fn¬ tek-dns‚ hc-

thmsS cma≥ {]`mhw Kw`o-c-ambn

Xncn-®p-h-∂p.

C∂v sshhn-[y-am¿∂ taJ-e-I-

fn¬ FÆ-a‰ D]-tbm-K-ß-fmWv cma≥

{]`m-h-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. ]nSn-s®-SpØv πm-

ÃnIv _mKn-em°n ap{Z-h® ab-°p-a-

cp-∂v, ap{Z s]m´n-°msX Fßs\ A-

\-ssekv sNømw? s]bn‚ v DW-ßp-

tºmƒ Fs¥ms° cmk-am-‰-ß-fmWv

\S-°p-∂Xv Fs∂-ßs\ Adnbpw?

ASpØpsN∂p IqSmØ BW-h-hn-In-

c-W-ß-fn¬ Fs¥m-s°-bm-Wp-≈-

sX∂v Fßs\ Adnbpw? cmk-{]-

h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \mt\m sk°‚p-Iƒ

am{Xw \ne-\n¬°p∂ Nne CS-\ne

cmk-h-kvXp-°sf (transient (chemical)Species) Fßs\ Xncn-®-dnbpw? C-

ßs\ {]tl-fn-Im-k-am-\-amb \nc-h[n

tNmZy-ß-fpsS DØcw cma≥ {]`m-h-

Øn¬ A[n-jvTnX-am-Wv. s]t{Sm sIan-

°¬, ^m¿a-kyq-´n -°¬ XpS-ßnb

hyh-km-b-ß-fn¬ D¬∏m-Z\ {]{Inb

tamWn-‰¿ sNøp-∂-Xn\pw cma≥ {]`m-

hw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-∂p.

1998¬, Ata-cn-°≥ sIan-°¬

skmssk-‰nbpw C¥y≥ Atkm-kn-

tb-j≥ t^m¿ Iƒ´n-th-j≥ Hm^v

kb≥kpw (C-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p cma≥

Kth-jWw \S-Øn-b-Xv) tN¿∂v cma≥

{]`m-hsØ temI ck-X{¥ Ncn-{X-

Ønse \mgn-I-°-√p-I-fn-sem-∂mbn

sXc-s™-Sp-Øp. mc-X-c-Xv\w, tdmb¬

skmssk‰n AwK-Xzw, se\n≥ kam-

[m\ kΩm-\w... Aßs\ \nc-h[n ]pc-

kvIm-c-߃ cma≥ t\Sn-bn- p-≠v. cma≥

{]`mhw Is≠-Ø-s∏-´-Xns‚ Hm¿a-

bv°m-bmWv \mw s^{_p-hcn 28 tZ-

iob imkv{X-Zn-\-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. ""imkv{Xob at\m-`mhw t]mjn-∏n-

°¬'' BWv Cs°m√w tZio-b-im-

kv{X-Zn-\-Øns‚ Xow Bbn kzoI-cn-

°-s∏- n- p-≈-Xv. F√m-h¿°pw ap≥Iq¿

imkv{X-Zn-\m-iw-k-Iƒ.

�

s^{_p-hcn 2014 11

`qan-bpsS samØw hnkvXr-Xn-bpsS Bdv iX-am\w

XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fm-Wv. `qan-bnse {it≤-bhpw D¬∏m-Z-\-£-

a-hp-amb {]tZ-i-ß-fmWv XÆo¿Ø-S-߃. Ch-bpsS ]cn-

ÿn-Xn-]-c-amb [¿a-߃ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv.

ss\k¿Kn-I-amb H´-\-h[n {]tXy-I-X-I-fmWv XÆo¿-

ØS Bhmk hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°p-≈-Xv. ssPh-ssh-hn -

[yØns‚ Ie-h-d-I-fm-Wn-h. ]e-bn\w kkyß-fp-sSbpw

P¥p-°fp-sSbpw Bhm-k-ÿ-e-ß-fm-Wn-h. \o¿\m-b,

Imb¬ apX-e, ]mºv, R≠v, sNΩo≥, ISph (_w-Kmƒ

ISp-h), ]pen, tX\o® ]e-Xcw ]£n-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b Pohn-

I-fm¬ kºp-„-amb Cu {]tZ-i-߃ C∂v \mi-Øns‚

h°n-em-Wv. a\p-jy-\mWv Chbv°v h≥ ojWn Db¿Øp-

∂-Xv.

XÆo¿Ø-S-߃ kw{I-aW `qta-J-e-I-fm-Wv. Ic-`q-an-

tbbpw Pem-i-b-ß-sfbpw Iq´n-bn-W-°p∂ -{]-tZ-i-߃.

Ic-`q-an°pw hnim-e-amb Pem-i-b-߃°p-an-S-bn-emWv

s]mXpsh ]d-™m¬ XÆo¿Ø-S-߃ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-

Xv. IS¬, Imb¬ XpS-ßnb Xpd-kmb Pem-i-b-ß-fnse

Hmcp-sh-≈sØ \nb-{¥n®v \n¿Øn Ic-`q-ansb kwc-£n-

XÆo¿Ø-S-߃A_vZpƒ laoZv C

imkv{X-tI-cfw12

s^{_phcn 2 temI-X-Æo¿ØS Zn\-am -Wv. XÆo¿Ø-S -ß-fpsS ]cn -ÿnXn-]-c-amb [¿Ω-ßfpw Ahkwc-£n -t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy -I -Xbpw kw_-‘n®v Nne hnh-c-߃

°pI F∂ [¿a-amWv apJy-ambpw XÆo¿Ø-S-߃ \n¿h-

ln-°p-∂-Xv. ip≤-P-e-hpw, D∏p-sh-≈hpw ]e-Xnepw IqSn-

°-e-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Ønse {][m-\-s∏´ XÆo¿Ø-S-߃ IS-

temc ˛ Imb-temc {]tZ-i-ß-fp-ambn tN¿∂p-In-S-°p-∂p.

I≠¬°m-Sp-Iƒ kar-≤-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Chn-S-ß-

fn-em-Wv. Xoc-tZ-iØp am{X-a√ Dƒ\m-´nepw XÆo¿Ø-S-

߃ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p.

Pem¿{Z-amb GXp qhn- m-K-sØbpw XÆo¿Ø-S-sa∂v

]d-bmw. s]mXpsh Bgw Ipd™ \o¿s°-´p≈ {]tZ-i-

ßsf XÆo¿Ø-S-sa∂p ]d-™p-h-cp-∂p. Bdv ao‰-dn-e-[nIw

Bgw ImWp∂ Pem-i-b-߃ XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fpsS \n¿h-

N-\-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂n-√. XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fpsS ]cn-ÿnXn

{]m[m\yw a\- n-em-°m-Ø-h¿°v Ch sNfn-°p-≠p-Itfm

NXp-∏p-Itfm \o¿s°-´p-Itfm Hs°-bmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂

]mgv`q-an-bm-Wv. ssIX-bpw, I≈n-ap-≈pw, Ip‰n-s®-Sn-Ifpw

a‰p-ambn ImSp-]n-Sn-®p-In-S-°p∂ Cu {]tZ-i-߃ shdpw

]mgv`q-an-b-√.

kap{Z ˛ Imb¬ ˛ ]pg ˛ Xoc-{]-tZ-i-ßsf ImØp-c-

dmwk¿ I¨sh≥j\nse

\nb-a-a-\pk-cn®v kap-{Z-Pew

Ib-dp∂ {]tZ-i-߃ Dƒs∏-sS-

bp≈ NXp-∏p-\n-e-ßfpw Ic-Ifpw

XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fm-Wv.

Ah {]Ir-Xn-Z-Øtam Ir{Xn-atam

BImw. Ah-bn-ep-≈Xv

Hgp-Ip-∂tXm sI´n-\n¬°p-

∂tXm Bb- ip≤-P-etam

D∏p-sh-≈tam BImw.

s^{_p-hcn 2014 13

imkv{X-tI-cfw14

£n-°p-I, sh≈-s∏m°w XS-bp-I, hcƒ®sb \nb-{¥n-

°p-I, aen-\-P-esØ ip≤o-I-cn-°p-I, qP-e-k-ºØv h¿[n-

∏n-°p-I, Icbv°pw IS-en-\p-an-S-bn¬ Hcp kw{I-aW `qhn-

`m-K-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-I, \nc-h[n kky ˛ P¥p-Pm-e-ß-

fpsS Cu‰n-√-am-bn-cn-°p-I, a\p-jy-\pƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Poh-

Pm-e-߃°v th≠ `£-W-km-[-\-߃ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-

I, tX≥, sagp-Iv, hnd-Iv, XSn, Huj-[-߃ XpS-ßn-bh

\¬Ip-I. Irjn, a’y-Ir-jn XpS-ßnb {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v

DX-Ip-I, F∂n-ßs\ \nc-h[n ]mcn-ÿn-XnI ˛ kmaqly

˛ kmº-ØnI t\´-ß-fmWv \o¿Ø-S-߃sIm≠v am\-h-

cm-in°v e`n-°p-∂-Xv. amen-\y-ßsf Dƒs°m-≈m\pw

\n¿ho-cy-am-°m-\p-ap≈ XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fpsS Akm-am\y

Ign-hns\ {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v Ahsb "`qan-bpsS hr°-

Iƒ' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n®p hcp-∂p.

XÆo¿Ø-S-ßsf s]mXpsh aq∂mbn Xcw-Xn-cn-®n-cn-

°p-∂p. D∏p-sh≈w Ib-dnbnd-ßp∂ Ct°m-hyq-l-ß-fmWv

BZy-tØ-Xv. Ch IS-tem-cØpw AgnapJ-Øpw Imb-tem-

c-Øp-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. c≠m-a-tØXv ip≤-P-e-X-Æo¿Ø-

S-ß-fm-Wv. ]pg-tbmc XÆo¿Ø-S-ßfpw XSm-I-ßfpsS kao-

]-ap≈ XÆo¿Ø-S-ßfpw CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Ir{Xna

XÆo¿Ø-S-ßfmWv aq∂m-a-tØXv. Irjn-sN-øp-∂-Xn\pw

Pe-k-ky-߃ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn-\pw, ao≥ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw

a‰pambn \n¿an-®n-cn-°p∂ XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fm-Wn-h.

thº-\m-Sv, A„-ap-Sn, imkvXmw-tIm´ F∂nh tIc-f-

Ønse dmwk¿ ssk‰p-I-fm-Wv. Ch IqSmsX tImgn-

t°ms´ tIm´qfn XÆo¿Ø-Sw, IS-ep≠n XÆo¿ØSw

F∂nh tZiob {]m[m-\y-ap≈ XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fmbn tI{μ

]cn-ÿnXn ˛ h\w a{¥m-ebw {]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≠v. Imk¿-

tImUv Pn√-bnse IΔmbn XÆo¿ØSw tZiob {]m[m-

\y-ap≈ XÆo¿Ø-S-ambn {]Jym-]n-°m\n-S-bp-≠v.

H´-\-h[n `oj-Wn-I-fmWv \ΩpsS XÆo¿Ø-S-߃

t\cn-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Itø-‰-ßfpw \nI-Øepw

XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fpsS hnkvXrXn KWy-ambn Npcp-°n. hyh-

kmb ˛ \Kc ˛ Km¿lnI amen-\y-߃ Ch-sb h≥tXm-

Xn¬ aen-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. aÆ-Sn-b¬ aen-\o-I-c-Ww, aW¬

J\-\w, Bhmk {]tZ-isØ Irjn, hf-{]-tbm-Kw, IoS-

\m-in\n {]tbm-Kw, asÆm-en-∏v, Pe-Nq-jWw F∂n-ßs\

\nc-h[n {]iv\-߃ Ch t\cn-Sp-I-bm-Wv. XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-

fpsS hnkvXr-Xn-bnepw Bg-Ønepw h∂n-´p≈ am‰-ß-tfm-

sSm∏w Pe-Øns‚ KpW-\n-e-hm-c-Øn¬ h∂n-´p≈ XI¿-

®bpw \oscm-gp°p hyh-ÿ-bn¬ h∂n-´p≈ hyXn-bm-\-

ßfpw ssPh-k-º-Øns‚ \mihpw F√mw Xs∂ XÆo¿-

ØS ]cn-]m-e-\sØ {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-se-Øn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

temI XÆo¿Ø-S-Zn-\-amWv s^{_-phcn 2. XÆo¿Ø-

S-ßsf kwc-£n®v \ne-\n¿Øm-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \ap-

t°m-tcm-cp-Ø¿°p-ap-≠v.�

`qan-bnse ip≤-P-e(-lnaw Hgn-sI) hnX-cWw

Dd-hnSw hym]vXw (KM3)

`qPew 10530000 (30.10%)

XSm-I-߃ 91000 (0.26%)

a¨Pew 16500 (0.05%)

Acp-hn-Iƒ 2120 (0.006%)

NXp-∏p-\new 11470 (0.03%)

Source: UNESCO

s^{_p-hcn 2014 15

1. kqcys‚ sImtdm-Wsb NqSm-°p-∂-Xm-cmWv?

\´p-®bv°v ]pd-Øn-dßn kqcys‚ shfn®w t\cn´p hogp-∂n-SØp \n∂m¬ \√ NqSv

tXm∂pw. kqcys‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øns‚ hnkvXm-chpw Db¿∂ Xm]-\n-e-bp-amWv CXn\p ImcWw. \mw

ImWp∂ kqcys‚ `mKw AXns‚ {]Im-i-a-WvUe (photosphere)amWv. AhnsS Xm]-\ne GXm≠v

5500 Un{Kn sk‚nt{KUv BWv. F∂m¬ kqcys‚ A¥-co-£-Øn¬ {]Im-i-a-WvU-e-Øn\p apI-

fn¬ sImtdm-W-bn¬ Xm]-\ne Af-∂m¬ \ap°v In´pI Zi-e-£-°-W-°n\v Un{Kn sk‚nt{KUv

F∂mWv. ]q¿W-kq-cy-{K-l-W-Øns‚ ka-bØv N{μ≥ kqcy-_nw-_sØ ad-bv°p-tºmƒ ImWm≥

Ign-bp∂ `mK-amWv sImtdm-W. Cu `mKØv Db¿∂ Xm]-\ne Fßs\ D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh∂ tNmZy-

Øn\v Xr]vXn-I-c-amb Hcp DØcw CXp-h-tcbpw e`n-®n-´n-√.

(`u-Xn-I-im-kv{X-Øn\v C\nbpwXr]vXn-I-c-ambnhni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥

Ign-bmØGXm\pw

{]iv\-߃)

tUm.-F≥.-jmPn

DØcw tXSp∂ tNmZy-߃ 1

2. F¥p-sIm≠v Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn-t‚bpw t{]mt´m-Wn-t‚bpwNm¿Pv Xpeyhpw hn]-co-Xhpw Bbn?

\ap-°p-Np-‰p-ap≈ hkvXp-°-sf√mw B‰-ßfm¬ \n¿anXamWv. Ah-bn-em-Is´ Ce-

Ivt{Sm-Wp-Ifpw t{]mt´m-Wp-Ifpw \yqt{Sm-Wp-I-fp-ap-≠v. Ch-bn¬ \yqt{Sm-Wp-Iƒ \yq{S-em-

Wv. AXm-bXv Ahbv°v sshZypX Nm¿Pv C√. F∂m¬ Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn\pw t{]mt´m-Wn\pw

Nm¿Pv D≠v. ]t£ Ch-bpsS Nm¿Pns‚ Afhv Xpeyhpw hn]-co-Xhpw BI-bm¬ B‰-

Øns‚ samØw Nm¿Pv ]qPy-am-Ip-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Im¿_¨ B‰-Øn¬ Bdv Ce-

Ivt{SmWpw Bdv t{]mt´mWpw D≠v. ]t£ BsI Nm¿Pv ]qPyw. Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn-t‚bpw

t{]mt´m-Wn-t‚bpw Nm¿Pv hfsc IrXy-am-bn-Øs∂ Xpeyhpw hn]-co-Xhpw BI-bm¬

BWv CXp kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. ]t£ CsX-¥p-sIm≠v hfsc IrXy-ambn CØ-c-Øn-em-bn-cn-

°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv imkv{X-⁄sc Aº-c-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp tNmZy-am-Wv.

(Xp-S-cpw)

imkv{X-tI-cfw16

kn\-kvXo-knb_m[n-X-cpsS

akvXn-jv°-Øn¬\S-°p-∂-sX¥v?

kn\-kvXo-knb shdpw tXm∂-

e-√, bYm¿Y-Øn-ep≈ A\p-`-h-amWv

F∂v sXfn-™-tXmsS At\z-jWw

as‰mcp Xe-Øn-te°v Xncn™p ˛

F¥p-sIm≠v AYhm Fßs\ kn\-

Ah¿ \nd-ßsf cpNn-®-dn-bpw,i–sØ ImWpw,

cq]-ß-sf- tIƒ°pw,hnIm-c-sØ -kv]¿in°pw

tUm.-F- v.-cm-tP-{μ≥

kn\-kvXo-knb(Synaesthesia)

tUm.hn Fkv cma-N-{μs‚ Kth-jWtemIw

˛3

ap≥ e°-ß-fn¬ hmbn-®Xv

$ kn\-kvXo-knb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n ka-{Khpw imkv{Xo-b-hp-amb

Hcp ]T-\-Øn\v BZy-ambn Hcp-sº- Xv tUm.-hn.-F v cma-N-{μs‚

t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ Kth-j-I-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

$ Hcp \q‰m-≠n\v apºv {^m≥knkv Kmƒ´¨ F∂ Cw•ojv Kth-

j-I≥ kn\-kvXo-knb kw_-‘n®v Bhn-jv°-cn® kn≤m-¥-

ßfpw \nK-a-\-ßfpw F{X-tØmfw imkv{Xo-b-am-sW∂v Kth-

j-I-cpsS ]co-£-W-߃ sXfn-bn-®p.

$ kn\-kvXo-knb shdpw tXm∂-e-√, bYm¿Y-Øn-ep≈ A\p-`-

h-am-sW∂v hkvXp\n-jvT-ambn ]co-£W apdn-bn¬ ImWn-®Xv

hn.-F pw Iq´-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

$ k¶o¿Æ-amb kwhn-[m-\-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√m-sX, eLp-hmb D]-

I-c-W-ßfpw ]cn-tim-[\ coXn-Ifpw hgn CXv sXfn-bn-°m≥

Ign-™p F∂-XmWv as‰mcp {]tXy-I-X.

$ A° ˛ h¿W kn\-kvXo-kn-bbpw kv]¿i ˛ hnImc kn\-

kvXo-kn-b-bp-amWv BZy-ambn bmYm¿Yyw sXfn-bn® kn\-

kvXo-kn-b-Iƒ.

Cu e°-Øn¬ hmbn-°pI

$ km[m-c-W-°m-cn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn kn\-kvXo-knb

_m[n-X-cpsS akvXn-jv°-Øn¬ F¥v kw`-hn-°p∂p?

$ kn\-kvXo-kn-bbv°v Hcp P\n-XI ASn-Ød Dt≠m?

$ kn\-kvXo-kn-bbpw k¿§m-fl-I-Xbpw XΩn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw

_‘-apt≠m?

s^{_p-hcn 2014 17

kvXo-knb D≠m-Ip∂p? kn\-kvXo-

knb ]T-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v A°m-

eØv Xs∂ Is≠-Øn-bn-cp∂ hne-

s∏´ aq∂v hnh-c-߃ Kth-j-I¿°v

hfsc A\p-{K-l-am-bn.

H∂v, G‰hpw A[n-I-ambn I≠p-

h-cp∂ kn\-kvXo-kn-b, A°-ß-sf-

bpw kwJy-I-sfbpw \nd-ap-≈-Xmbn Im-

Wp∂ A°-˛-h¿W kn\-kvXo-kn-b-

bmWv. Kmƒ´¨ apX¬ Ctßm´v ]e

Kth-j-Icpw \S-Øn-bn- p≈ ]T-\-߃

C°mcyw Bh¿Øn®v Dd-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.

c≠v, \ΩpsS Xe-t®m-dn¬ sN∂n-

Z-f-Øn¬ ^yqkn^mw aS°v (Fusiformgyrus) F∂v t]cp≈ Hcp \h-a-kvXn-

jv° aS-°p-≠v. Cu aS-°n-ep≈ Hcp

sNdp `mK-amWv hkvXp-°-fpsS \ndw

Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ tI{μw. e≠≥ k¿h-I-

em-im-e-bnse akvXnjv° Kth-j-I-

\mb kman¿sk-°n-bmWv Cu Is≠-

ج \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

aq∂v, Imen-t^m¿Wnb k¿h-I-em-

im-e-bnse akvXnjv° Kth-j-I-\mb

SntamØn dnIm¿Uv FMRI kmt¶-Xn-I-

hnZy D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn akvXn-jv°-

Ønse hnhn[ KWnX tI{μ-߃ I-

s≠-Øn, am∏v cq]-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-´p-≠v. CXp-]-tbm-Kn®v A°-ß-

fpw kwJy-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ akvXn-

jv° tI{μ-߃ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-sX-

hn-sS-sb∂v Kth-j-I¿ Is≠-Øn.

A¤p-X-sa∂p Xs∂ ]d-b-s´,

\ΩpsS h¿W {KlW tI{μhpw

kwJym-{K-l-W-tI-{μhpw akvXn-jv-°-

Ønse ^yqkn^mw aS-°n¬ ASp-Ø-

Sp -ØmWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. Cu

Is≠-Ø-en\v F¥mWv A{X henb

{]m[m-\yw.

Kth-j-Isc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-

fw CXv hfsc hne-s∏´ Hcp Is≠-

Ø-em-bn-cp-∂p. Fs¥m-sIm≠v kn\-

kvXo-knb D≠m-Ip∂p F∂ ka-ky-

bv°p≈ DØcw kw_-‘n®v bp‡n-

-{Z-amb Hcp \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øn-t®-cm≥

CXv Kth-j-Isc klm-bn-®p. Kth-j-

I-cpsS \nK-a\w CXm-bn-cp∂p: ASp-Ø-

SpØv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ h¿W-{K-lW-

tI-{μ-Øn-sebpw kwJym-{K-lW tI-

{μ-Øn-sebpw Iptd \mUo-X-¥p-°ƒ

kz¥w AXn¿Øn ewLn®v sXm´-Sp-

Ø \mUo-tI-{μ-Øn-te°v IS-∂p-I-b-

dp-∂p-≠m-h-Ww. AXm-b-Xv, ASp-Ø-

SpØ \mUo-tI-{μ-Ønse \mUo-X-¥p-

°ƒ XΩn¬ Xe-Xn-cn™ {Iao-I-

cWw \S-∂n-cn-°pw.

km[m-cWKXn-bn¬ Hcp akvXn-

jv°-tI-{μhpw CXv A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-X-

√. Hmtcm [¿ahpw \n¿h-ln-°p∂

sNdp akvXn-jv°-tI-{μ-߃ t]mepw

kman¿ sk°n

SntamØn dnIm¿Uv

^yqUn^mw aS-°n¬ ASp-Ø-SpØvÿnXn-sN-øp∂ kwJym-{K-l-W-tI-

{μhpw h¿W-{K-lW tI{μ-hpw

kn\-kvXob _m[n-X-cpsSakvXnjv° tI{μ-߃°n-S-bn¬\mUo-X-¥p-°-fpsS IS-∂p-I-b-‰w

(tijw 38-˛mw t]Pn¬)

G‰hpw A[n-I-ambnI≠p-h-cp∂kn\-kvXo-kn-b,A°-ß-sfbpwkwJy-I-sfbpw \nd-ap-≈-Xmbn ImWp∂A°-˛-h¿W kn\-kvXo-kn-b-bmWv

imkv{X-tI-cfw18

P¥p-°sf ]cn-l-kn-°¬tIm¨dmUv temd≥kv

hnh¿Ø\w: tUm.-_m-e-Ir-jvW≥ sNdq∏

(tIm¨dmUv temd≥kns‚ "tkmf-a≥ cmPm-

hns‚ tamXnc'Ønse BZy A[ymbw

2013 Pq¨, Pqembv e°-ß-fn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-

cn-®n-cp-∂p. CtX {KŸ-Ønse as‰m-c-[ym-bw)

Rm≥ GsX-¶nepw P¥p-hn-

s\ ]cn-lm-k-tØmsS t\m°nb k-

μ¿`-߃ A]q¿h-am-Wv. Aßns\

sNbvXp-t]m-b-t∏m-sgms° A¬]w

BtemNn-®-t∏mƒ F\n-s°mcp Imcyw

hy‡-am-bn-´p-≠v. Fs∂-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv,

Zb-bn-√mØ Pohn-bmbn P¥p-°ƒ

Nn{Xo-I-cn -°p∂ a\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv,

Rm≥ ]cn-l-kn-®Xv \Ωƒ Iq´n¬ AS-

®n´ Ipc-ßs\ t\m°n Ifn-bm-°n-®n-

cn°pw. F∂m¬ Hcp ]pgp-hn-s\tbm

H®n-t\tbm t\m°n Nncn-°m-dn-√. t{K-

emKv B¨ Xmdm-hp-I-fpsS t{]a-{]-I-

S-\-߃ ]cn-lm-ky-ambn Nne-t∏mƒ

tXm∂mw. F∂m¬ \ΩpsS sNdp-∏-

°mcpw CtX-t]m-se-sbms° s]cp-am-

dp-∂Xv km[m-c-W-am-Wv.

P¥p-°-fpsS hnNn-{X-amb cq]hpw

Imcy-߃ a\- n-em-°p∂ \nco-£-I¿-

°v ]cn-lm-ky-ambn tXm∂m-dn-√. ]cn-

Wm-a-]-c-amb A\p-Iq-e-\-߃ t\cn-Sp-

∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ km[m-cW ]cn-NnXcq]-

Øn¬ \n∂v A¬∏w amdn-t∏mb Hcp

Pohnsb t\m°n arK-im-e-bntem A-

tIz-dn-b-Øntem hcp∂ kμ¿i-I¿ Nn-

cn-°p-∂Xv F\n°v Ak-ly-ambn tXm-

∂m-dp-≠v. ]cn-ip-≤w, D¬∏-Øn-bpsS

ka-ky, {k„m-hns‚ kr„n, Fs∂m-

s° hnti-jn-∏n-°m≥ tXm∂p-∂Xv C-

ßns\ ]cn-lm-ky-ambn°mWp-∂Xv

Fßns\ kln°pw? ac-tbm-¥v, ]^¿-

a-’yw, Cu\mw-t]®n Ch-bpsS hnNn-

{X cq]-߃ bw-I-e¿∂ A¤p-X-am-Wv,

]cn-lm-k-a-√, F∂n-ep-≠m-°p-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ Xosc {]Xo-£n-°mØ

hnNn-{X-kz- m-h-߃ I≠-t∏mƒ Rm≥

Nncn-®p-t]mb kμ¿`-ß-fp-s≠∂ Im-

cyw \ntj-[n-°p-∂n-√. a‰p-≈-h¿ ImWn-

°p-tºmƒ Rm≥ shdp-°p∂ Xcw ]cn-

lm-k-sØ-°mƒ H´pw ta∑-bp-≈-Xm-

s^{_p-hcn 2014 19

Wv CsX∂pw Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂n-√. s]cn-

tbm-^vXm¬akv (Periophthalmus) F-

∂ Icbv°v Ib-dp∂ a’ysØ \nco-

£n-®-Xm-bn-cp∂p CØcw Hcp kμ¿`w.

Cu a’yw sh≈w \nd® ]m{X-

Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øp-I-S-°p∂ ImgvN

XnI®pw ck-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]m{X-Øn-

s‚ h°n¬ ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v sh≈-

Øn\v aosX Xe-bp-b¿Øn Ip‰n-t]m-

ep≈ tam¥ ]pd-Øp-Im-Wn®v IÆm-

Sn-Iƒ t]mse-bp≈ henb IÆp-Iƒ

sIm≠v Fs∂ Xd-∏n®p t\m°n-b-

t∏mƒ kXyw ]d-™m¬ Rm≥ B¿-

Øp-Nn-cn -®p. \s´-√p≈ P¥p-h¿K-

Øn¬s∏´ Hcp a’yw, Hcp Im\-dn-

∏£n then-bn-en-cp∂v Xe Xncn®pw

Db¿Ønbpw t\m°p-∂Xv t]mse t\m-

°p-∂-Xv, \n߃°v k¶¬∏n-°m≥

]‰ptam? F√m-‰n\pw ]pdsa Ccp-I-Æp-

Ifpw sIm≠mWv t\m´w. Iqa≥ _p≤n-

bp≈ ]£n-bm-sW∂v ]g-s©m-√p-I-

fn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xn\v ImcWw CØcw

t\m´-am-Wv. ]£n-I-fn¬t∏mepw Ccp-

I-Æp-Ifpw sIm≠p≈ t\m´w XnI®pw

A{]-Xo-£n-X-am-Wv. Chn-sSbpw Cu

P¥p-hns‚ sshNn-{Xy-Øn-eq-sS-b√

Xam-i-bp-≠m-hp-∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚ lm-

ky-cq]w AXv Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂XpsIm-

≠m-Wv.

Db¿∂ Pohn-I-sf-∏‰n ]Tn-°p-

tºmƒ Xam-i-tXm-∂p∂ kμ¿`-߃

D≠m-hpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. F∂m¬

Chn-sSbpw P¥p-°-f√ \nco-£-I-

\mWv tImanIv tdmfp-I-fn¬ D≠m-hp-

I. \√ _p≤n-bp≈ ]£n-tbtbm k-

kvX-\ntbtbm ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Xpe-\m-

flI kz`m-h-imkv{X-]-T-\-Ønse

]Xnhp coXn-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw Hgn-hm-

t°-≠n-h-cpw. kz`m-h-im-kv{X-]-T\w

\S-Øp-∂-hsc km[m-c-W-°m¿ \nco-

£n-®m¬ imkv{X-⁄¿°v A¬∏w

h´pt≠m F∂v \ymb-ambpw kwi-bn-

°pw. Fs‚ {Kma-Ønse s]m´-s\-t∏m-

se \ncp-]-{Z-hn-bm-sW∂ {]i-kvXn-

bmWv ]e-t∏mgpw {`m¥m-ip-]-{Xn-bn-

se-ØmsX Fs∂ ImØ-Xv. Bƒ´≥

_¿Knse {Kmao-Wsc \ymbo-I-cn-°m≥

th≠n Nne kw`h-I-Y-Iƒ ]d-bmw.

Rm≥ a√m¿Uv (Mallard) Xmdmhv

Ip™p-ß-fn¬ ]co-£-W-߃ \S-

Øp-tºm-gmWv BZysØ kw`-hw.

Cu kv]ojn-kp-I-fn¬ Ir{Xn-a-ambn

hncn-bn-s®-SpØ Ip™p-߃ h√m-

Ø e÷m-ep-°-fm-Wv. a\p-jy¿ ASp-

sØ-tØ≠ Xmakw Ah HmSn-H-fn-

°pw. CtXt]mse hncn-bn-s®-SpØ

t{KemKv Xmdm-hp-Ip-™p-߃ XnI-

®pw hyXykvX kz`m-h-amWv ImWn-

®-Xv. hncn™ DSs\ BZyw ImWp∂

Poh\p-≈ hkvXpsh Ah AΩ-

bmbn AwKo-I-cn®v hnizm-k-tØmsS

IqsS \S-°pw. Cu hyXym-k-Øns‚

ImcWw Is≠-Øp-I-bm-bn -cp∂p

Fs‚ ]T-\-Øns‚ e£yw. C≥Iyp-

t_-‰-dn¬ \n∂v hncn™v ]pd-sØ-Sp-

°p∂ a√m¿Uv Ip™p-߃ F-

t∏mgpw F∂n¬ \n∂v HmSn-b-I-em≥

{ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. G‰hpw ASp-

Øp≈ Ccp-´p≈ aqe-bn¬ sN∂v

Ah t]Sn-®-t]mse H´n-\n¬°pw.

F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw Cu {]tXyI

s]cp-am-‰w? apsºm-cn-°¬ D≠mb

A\p-`hw F\n-t°m¿a h∂p. A∂v

a√m¿Uv Xmdm-hp-ap-´-Isf akvtImhn

(Muscovy) C\-Øn¬s∏´ Xmdm-hns\

AS-bn -cpØn hncn -bn -®n -cp -∂p. B

Ip™p-ßfpw hf¿Ø-Ωsb AwKo-I-

cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√. ap´-bpsS

\\hv amdnb DSs\ Ah hf¿Ø-

Ωsb hn´v HmSn-t∏m-bn. Cu Ip™p-

ßsf ]nSn -°m≥ Rm≥s]´ ]mSv!

AtX-k-abw XSn-®p-sh-fpØ \mS≥

hf¿Øp-Xm -dm -hns\ AS-bn -cpØn

a√m¿Uv ap -Iƒ hncn-bn-®-t∏mƒ I≠Xv

as‰m-∂m-Wv. ImS≥ Xmdmhv Ip™p-߃

kz¥w AΩ-bmbn AwKo -I -cn® v

CXns‚ ]pdsI hnSmsX \S-°p∂p!

Ip™p-ß-fpsS Cu hnNn-{X-kz-`m-h-

Øns‚ clkyw Xo¿®-bmbpw Rm≥

Duln-®p. ImcWw ImgvN-bn¬ hf¿Øp

Xmdm-hp-Iƒ a√m¿Uv Xmdm-hp-I-fn¬

\n∂v akvtIm-hn-I-sf-t∏mse Xs∂

hyXy-kvX-cm-Wv. AtX kabw i–-

ap≠m-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hf¿Øp-Xm-dm-

hp-Ifpw a√m¿Up-Ifpw XΩn¬ henb

imkv{X-tI-cfw20

kmayw D≠v. (a-√m¿Up-Iƒ hf¿Øp-

Xm-dm-hp-I-fpsS h\ym-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈

ap≥Km-an-I-fm-Wv) CW°n hf¿Ø-

en¬ \nd-Øns‚ ]mt‰-Wnepw ico-c-

cq-]-Ønepw h√msX am‰w-h-s∂-¶nepw

i–w GXm≠v AtX-t]mse \ne-\n-

∂p. CsXm-s°-sh®v Rm≥ a\- n-em-

°n -bXv F¥m-sWt∂m? Xmdmhv

Ip™p-߃ Fs‚ ]pdsI hc-W-sa-

¶n¬ AΩ a√m¿Uv D≠m-°p∂ "IzmIv'

i–w Rm≥ D≠m-°ntb ]‰q. ]d-

°m≥ Ffp-∏-am-sW-¶nepw sNøm≥

HØncn {]bm-k-ap≈ Imcyw. Hcp i\n-

bm-gvN-bmWv Hcp sk‰v a√m¿Uv ap´-

Iƒ hncn-™-Xv. hncn™v \\hv amdnb

Ip™p-ßsf ]pd-sØ-Sp-Øp-sh-®p.

F\n-°-dn-bm-hp∂ a√m¿Uv `mj-bn¬

AΩ hnfn-°p∂ i–-ap-≠m-°n. CXv

aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw XpS¿∂v GXm≠v

]IpXn Znh-k-tØm-f-am-bn. Fs‚ "Izm-

InwKv' (Xm-dmhv i–-ap-≠m-°¬) h≥

hnP-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xmdmhv Ip™p-߃

Xe-bp-b¿Øp∂p; Fs∂ t\m°n ASp-

tØbv°v hcp-∂p. CØ-hW Ah-

bv°v t]Sn-tb-bn√! Izm°nwKv i–-

tØmsS Rm≥ apt∂m´p \oßp-∂p.

A\p-k-c-W-tbmsS Fs‚ Ip™p-

߃ ]pdsI hcp-∂p. Xmdm-h-Ωsb ]n-

¥p-S-cp-∂-t]mse ap´n-bp-cpΩn Hcp

{Kq∏mbmWv \o°w. Fs‚ kn≤m¥w

CXm Ak-∂n-Kv[ambn sXfn-bn-°-s∏-

´n-cn-°p-∂p. ap´-bn¬ \n∂v hncn-™p-

h-cp∂ Xmdm-hn≥ Ipcp-∂p-Iƒ AΩ-

bpsS hnfn-i-–-tØmSv {]Xn-I-cn-°pw.

AΩ-bpsS cq]w Ah-bvs°mcp {]iv\-

ta-b-√. icn-bmb AΩhnfn-bp-≠m-°p-

∂ F¥pw AΩ-bm-sW∂v Ah Icp-

Xpw. sh≈-\n-d-ap≈ XSn® hf¿Øp-

Xm-dm-hm-bmepw AXnepw F{Xtbm

XSn® a\p-jy-\m-bmepw Ah¿°v Htc-

t]m-se-bm-Wv. ]Icw hcp∂ hkvXp-

hn\v Hcp {]tXyI Af-hn¬ IqSp-X¬

Dbcw D≠m-h-cp-Xv F∂pw Rm≥ a\-

 n-em-°n. Cu ]co-£Ww XpS-ßn-b-

t∏mƒ Ip™p-߃s°m∏w ]p√n-en-

cp∂v AtX t]mkn¬ apt∂m´v \oßp-

I-bmWv Rm≥ sNbvX-Xv. Ip™p-߃

]pdsI hcm-≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Fgp-

t∂‰v \n∂v Ahsb \bn-°mtam F∂v

t\m°n. At∏mƒ Ah \SØw \n¿-

Øn Xe-bp-b¿Øn Np‰pw t\m°m≥

XpS-ßn. Fs∂-am{Xw Ah I≠n-

s√∂v tXm∂n. am{X-a√ Dt]-£n-°-

s∏´ Xmdmhp Ip™p-߃ D≠m-°p∂

Xpf-®p-I-b-dp∂ i–Øn¬ Ic-®nepw

XpS-ßn. hf¿ØΩ C{Xbpw Db-cw-

sh® Imcyw Ah AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ X-

øm-dm-hmØ t]mse! Hcp Imcyw IqSn

CtXmsS hy‡-am-bn. Xmdm-hp-Ip-™p-

߃ Fs‚ ]pdsI hc-W-sa-¶n¬

IpØn-bn-cp∂v \ncßn \oß-Ww. CXm-

Is´ H´pw kpJ-ap≈ Imcy-a-√. CXnepw

kpJ-I-c-a-√m-ØXv c≠m-asØ Imcy-

ambn-cp-∂p. a√m¿Uv AΩ Xmdm-hp-Iƒ

\ndp-ØmsX NnWp-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw.

""IzmlvKv ssKKv, sKsK-Kv, IzmlvKv

sKsKKv sKsK-sKKv'' F∂v Xmf-Øn-

ep≈ NnWp-߬ Ac-an-\p-s´-¶nepw

\n∂p-t]m-bm¬ Ip™p-ß-fpsS Igp-

Øp-Iƒ \o≠p \o≠p-h-cpw. a\p-jy-°p-

™p-߃ apJw \o´p-∂-Xp-t]m-se.

Rm≥ "Izm°nwKv' XpS-ßn-bn-s√-¶n¬

Xpf-®p-I-b-dp∂ B Ic-®n¬ Bcw-`n-

°p-I-bm-bn. Rm≥ \n»-–-\m-b-t∏mƒ

Ah-sb-¥mWv Icp -Xn -bn -cn -°pI?

s^{_p-hcn 2014 21

Rm≥ NØp-t]m-sbt∂m? AtXm Ah-

tbm-Sp≈ C„w C√m-Xm-sb-t∂m. c-

≠m-bmepw I-c-®n-en\v \√ Imc-W-߃

Xs∂-bm-Wv. t{KemKv Xmdmhv Ip™p-

ßsf t\m°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ h√msX

`mcn-®Xpw £oWn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-amWv

Chsb t\m°n \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Cu Ip´n-

I-sfbpw sIm≠v c≠p-a-Wn-°q¿ \S-

°m-\n-d-ßn-bm-esØ Fs‚ Ahÿ

k¶¬∏n-®p-t\m-°q. \n¿ØmsX Ic-

™p-sIm≠v IpØn-bn-cp-∂p≈ \nc-ßn-

\o-߬. imkv{X-Øn-\p-th≠n ]e

Znh-k-ß-fnepw XpS¿®-bmbn aWn-°q-

dp-I-tfmfw Rm≥ Ipcniv Npa-∂p. Hcp

hnip≤ Rmb-dm-gvN-bmWv AXv kw`-

hn-®-Xv. tXm -Øns‚ apIƒ`m-K-Øp≈

sa{Ko≥ ]p¬Ø-In-Sn-bn-eqsS Fs‚

Xmdm-hp-Ip-™p-ß-fp-samØv "Izm°nw-

Kv' i–-ap-≠m°n Ccp∂v \ncßn \o-

ßp∂ t]mkn-emWv Rm≥. F{X-am{Xw

A\p-k-c-W-tbmSpw IrXyXtbmSpw

IqSn-bmWv Cu ]£n-°p-™p-߃

Fs∂ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v Rm≥

Fs∂-Xs∂ A`n-\-μn-®p. s]s´∂v

apt∂m-´p-t\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ I≠-sX-¥m-

sWt∂m? tXm´-Øns‚ Acn-In-ep≈

then°v apI-fn-embn Hcp \nc hnfdn

shfpØ a\p-jy-ap-J-߃! Hcp Iq´w

Sqdn-Ãp-Iƒ t]Sn®a´n¬ Fs∂ t\m-

°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. £an-°m≥

]‰mØ {]h¿Øn-sbm-∂p-a-√. XmSn-

°m-c-\mb Hcp henb a\p-jy≥ Ip\n-

™n-cp∂v ]p¬Ø-In-Sn-bn-eqsS 8 B-

Ir-Xn-bn¬ \nc-ßn-\o-ßp-∂p. Npa-en-

hnemkw:t^mt´m-Iznkv 149,imkv{X-tI-cfw,Nme-∏pdw ]n.H,

tImgn-t°mSv 673002

t^mt´m-Iznkv-149

Ah-km\ XnøXn: 2014 s^{_p-hcn 28

^pSvt_m-fnse Cu CXn-lmkw Ign™

Znhkw A¥-cn-®p. Ct±-l-sØ-∏‰n

Hcp Ipdn-s∏-gpXn Ab-bv°p-I.

eqsS ]nt∂m´v t\m°n XpS¿®-bmbn

{]tXyI Xmf-Øn¬ i–-ap-≠m-°p-∂p.

CXv am{X-amWv Ah¿ I≠-Xv. Xmdm-

hp-Ip-™p-ßsf Ah¿ I≠n√! Fs‚

am\w c£n-°m≥ klm-b-I-am-hp∂

Xmdmhv Ip™p-ß-sf√mw henb ]p√p-

Iƒ°n-S-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

(Xp-S-cpw)

imkv{X-tI-cfw22

Fs‚ Ihn-tX,

Rm\n∂v kvIqfnse Ip´n-I-tfm-

sSm∏w hr≤-k-Z\w kμ¿in-°p-I-bp-

≠m-bn. A∂-Zm-\hpw hkv{X-Zm-\-hp-

sa√mw R߃ G¿∏mSm-°n-bn-cp-∂p.

hkv{X-Zm-\-tijw Rß-fpsS Iq´-

Øn¬ Nne¿ Ah¿°p-th≠n ]m´p-

]m-Sn. ]ns∂ hnhn[ {Kq∏p-I-fmbn

Ah-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-°m≥ Np‰pw

IqSn-bn-cp-∂p. ]ecpw Ic-®n-e-S-°m≥

]mSp-s]-Sp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. H∏w

Rm\p-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v \n\-°-dn-bm-a-

t√m...

A[nIw kwkm-cn-°m≥ Xm¬∏-

cy-an-√m-Ø-hcpw Ahn-sS-bp-≠v.

Fs¥-¶nepw tNmZn-®m¬ Xs∂

hfsc Ipd™ hm°p-I-fn¬ adp-]Sn

]d™v P\-en\v ]pd-Øp≈ ImgvN-

I-fn¬ kzbw Hfn-°m≥ {ian-°p∂-

h¿. GIm-¥X Ah¿s°mcp aqSp-]-S-

am-bn-cn-°mw.

apØ-—-t\mSpw apØ-»n-tbm-Sp-

sam∏w Nncn®pw Ifn®pw _l-fw-

sh®pw HmSn-\-S∂ Ah-cpsS _meyw

Rßsf ImWp-tºmƒ Hm¿°p-∂-Xp-

sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw.

Ah¿ A∂v ]¶p-h® kvt\lw

C∂v Ah¿°v \¬tI-≠-h¿ \ntj-

kμ¿i\wF.-tk-Xp-e£van

[n-®Xv Hm¿°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂

k¶Sw au\w sIm≠v Aa¿Øn-h-

bv°p-∂-Xp-am-Imw.

HcΩ Fs‚ ssII-fn¬ ]Xps°

Xtem-Sn. ]eXpw I≠pw tI´pw

D≈n¬ \pc-™p-s]m-ßp∂ s\mº-c-

°q-ºm-cw. AXp ]pd-Øp-Im-Wn-

°msX tNmZn-®p. ""A—-Ωbv°v

ChnsS kpJ-at√...?'' ""_p≤n-ap-s´m-

∂p-an√ tamtf... ]t£ a\- nev

BsI Hcp h√m-bvI. F\n°v aq∂p

s]¨a-°fpw Hcp tam\p-ap-≠v.

G‰hpw Cf-bXv tamfm...

(tijw 40-˛mw t]Pn¬)

IY

s^{_p-hcn 2014 23

A©mw- ¢m- n¬ So®dpw Ip´n-Ifpw ]cn-kc ]T-

\-Øn-em-Wv. Iºp-\´v Irjn-sN-øp∂ hnf-Iƒ, hnØp \´v

apf-∏n-°p-∂-h, hnØp \´v apf-∏n-®n´v ]dn-®p-\-Sp-∂-h,...

Aß-s\-b-ßs\ hnf-Isf h¿Ko-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-

bmWv Ah¿. Ip´n-Iƒ Hm¿tØm¿Øv ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-∂p, So®¿ Ah t_m¿Un¬ Fgp-Xn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

C\n aXn-bm-°mw, N¿®-bn-te°v IS-°mw, F∂v So®¿

Nn¥n-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-t∏m-gmWv A\o\ apt∂m-´p-h-∂-Xv.

""HscÆw IqSn So®¿.''

""Ip´n Xs∂ Fgp-Xn-t°m-fq.'' So®¿ kkt¥mjw

kΩ-Xn-®p.

]dn-®p-\-Sp∂ hnf-I-fpsS ASn-bn-embn Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øp˛

""Aizn≥ IrjvW.''

]dn-®p-\-So¬¢m n¬ Iq´-®ncn Db¿∂p. Aº-c∂v t\m°nb

So®¿°v A\o\ Cßs\ hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬In.

""_m°v _©n-en-cp∂v hnf-bp∂p F∂pw ]d-t™m≠v

amjv cmhnse Ahs\ {^≠v _©n-te°v ]dn-®p-\-´p,

So®¿''

Be-∏pg Pn√-bnse ]d-hq¿ Pn.-F®v.F- n¬ \S∂

Hcp Xam-i-bmWv CXv. CXp t]mse-sØtbm As√-¶n¬

CXnepw ck-I-c-am-btXm Bb kw`-h-߃ Hmtcm Znh-

khpw hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ \S-°p-∂nt√? ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\-

߃°n-S-bn¬ \S-°p∂ ck-I-c-amb kw -h-߃ imkv{X-

tI-c-f-Øn-te°v FgpXn Ab-bv°q. sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-

∂h Cu ]w‡n-bn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°pw.�

\¿aw

imkv{X-tI-cfw24

N{μ-bm≥ ˛1 s‚ hnP-b-I-c-amb hnt£-]-

W-Øn-\p-tijw C¥y N{μ-bm≥ ˛2 \mbn Xøm-

sd-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv. 2017 ¬ C¥y N{μ-\n-te-°p≈

c≠m-aXv ZuXy-a-b-bv°p-sa∂v sF.-F-kv.-B¿.H

sNb¿am≥ tUm.-sI.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW≥ Adn-bn-®p.

N{μ-bm≥ ˛2 ¬ C¥y Xt±-iob-ambn \n¿-

an® Hcp tdmhdpw em≥Udpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. N{μ-

bm≥ 1 ¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn Pn.-F-kv.-F¬.hn

D]-tbm-Kn-®m-bn-cn°pw ZuXysØ N{μ-\n-se-Øn-

°p-I. N{μs‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øn-en-dßn ]co-£-W-

߃ \S-Øp-I-bmWv e£yw.

2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 22 \mWv N{μ-bm≥ ˛1

hnt£-]n-°-s∏-´-Xv. ]n.-F-kv.-F¬.hn D]-tbm-Kn®v

{iol-cn-t°m-´-bn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp∂p hnt£-]-Ww.

N{μs‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw 100 Intem-ao-‰¿

Db-c-Øn-ep≈ hrØm-Im-c-]m-X-bn¬ N{μs\

N{μ-bm≥˛22017 ¬

hew-h-®p-sIm-≠mWv N{μ-\nse [mXp-°-fpsS

am∏nwKv t]SIw \n¿h-ln-®-Xv. N{μ-\nse Pe-

Øns‚ km∂n[yw N{μ-bm≥ ˛1 se imkv{Xob

D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS ÿnco-Icn-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.

Xt±-io-b-ambn em≥Udpw tdmhdpw \n¿an-°p-

∂-Xp-kw-_-‘n® ]T-\-߃ 2012 ¬Øs∂

]q¿Øn-bm-bn -cp -∂p. C¥y-bn¬Øs∂ Ah

\n¿an-°m-\m-hp-sa∂v sF.-F-kv.-B¿.H. hne-bn-cp-

Øn-b-Xmbpw tUm.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW≥ ]d-™p. djy-

bpsS klm-b-tØmsS tdmh¿ \n¿an-°m-\mbn-

cp∂p BZyw ]≤-Xn-bn-´n-cp-∂-Xv. \n¿amW Npa-X-

e-bn¬ \n∂v djy ]n≥am-dnb kml-N-cy-Øn-

emWv C¥y Xt±-io-b-ambn \n¿an-°m≥ Xocp-am-

\-sa-Sp-°-∂-Xv.

�

IWnI

s^{_p-hcn 2014 25

Hcp D]-{K-lsØ AXns‚ e£y-߃

t\Sp-∂-Xn\v {`a-W-]-Y-Øn-se-Øn-°m≥ G‰hpw

A\p-tbm-Py-amb ka-btØ-bmWv hnt£-]-W-Pm-

eIw (Launch window) F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. awKƒ-

bm≥ sNmΔ-bn-te-°b-bv°m≥ 2013 \hw-_¿ 5

F∂ XobXn Xnc-s™-Sp-ØXv sNmΔ-bn-te-°p≈

AXns‚ bm{X kpK-a-am-°m-\p≈ hnhn[ LS-I-

߃ ]cn-K-Wn®v Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏´ Xob-Xn-bm-Wv.

sNmΔ-bn-tet°m N{μ-\n-tet°m Hcp t]S-I-a-b-

bv°p-tºmƒ `qan-bn¬ \n∂pw Ah-bn-te-°p≈

Zqcw {][m\ ]cn-K-W-\m-hn-j-b-am-bn-cn-°pw. Zo¿L-

hr-Øm-Imc {`a-W-]-Y-Øn¬ k©-cn-°p∂ {Kl-

ß-fpsS Zqcw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v \ap-°-

dn-bmw. AXn-\m¬ Hcp hnt£-]-W-Pm-eIw Ign-

™m¬ ASp-Ø-Xn-te°v Gsd-\mƒ ImØn-cn-t°-

≠n-h-cpw.

a\p-jys\ hln-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip∂ "kvt]kv

j´n¬' t]mep≈ hml-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬

hnt£-]-W-Pm-eIw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

G‰hpw {][m-\-L-SIw AXn-ep≈ ]cy-th-j-Isc

Fs¥-¶nepw A]-I-S-km-[y-X-bp-≠m-bm¬ kpc-

£n-X-ambn Xncn-®n-d-°m-\p≈ kml-N-cy-ß-fm-Wv.

hm°v

hnt£-]-W-Pm-eIw(Launch Window)

tKmfm-¥c ]cy-th-jW t]S-I-߃ Ab-bv°p-tºmƒ

G‰hpw Imcy-£-a-amb coXn-bn¬ e£y-ÿm-\Øv FØn-

t®-cp-∂-Xn\v hnt£-]-W-Pm-eIw klm-b-I-am-I-Ww.

Hcp hnt£-]-W-Pm-e-I-Øns‚ Ime-b-f-hn¬ Imem-

hÿ tami-am-hp-Itbm Fs¥-¶nepw kmt¶-Xn-I-Ø-I-cm¿

kw`-hn -°p -Itbm sNbvXm¬ hnt£-]Ww ASpØ

PmeIw hsc \o´n-h-bvt°-≠n-h-cpw.

D]-{K-l-߃ hnt£-]n-°p-tºmƒ

CØcw Imcy-ß-sfm∂pw ]cn-K-Wn-

°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ e£yw ImWpI

Ffp-∏-am-bn-cn-°n-√.

�

imkv{X-tI-cfw26

kv]ojokv

aU-Km-kvI-dn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ eoa¿ h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ Pohn-

bmWv Bbv Bbv. Ic-≠p-Xo-\n-Iƒ°p-≈-Xp-t]m-esØ ]√p-

Ifpw saen-™p-\o≠ a[y-hn-cepw CXns‚ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.

]q¿W hf¿®-sb-Ønb Bbv ˛ Bbv°v GXm≠v aq∂Sn

\of-ap-≠m-bn-cn°pw. A{X-Xs∂ \of-ap≈ hmep-ap-≠v. icocw

tcmam-hr-X-am-Wv. Xe-bnepw ]pdØpw sh≈bpw a‰v `mK-ß-

fn¬ a™tbm Xhn-´p-\n-dtam Bbn-cn-°pw. Bbv ˛ BbvbpsS

khn-ti-jX Ah-bpsS hncen-em-Wv. aq∂m-asØ hnc¬ a‰p-

≈-hsb At]-£n®v saen-™-Xm-Wv. AXmWv ac-Øn¬ ap´m≥

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. \mem-asØ hnc-en-\mWv G‰hpw \of-ap-

≈-Xv. ac-Øn¬ D≠m-°nb Zzmc-Øn¬ \n∂v `£Ww hen-s®-

Sp-°m≥ Cu hnc-emWv D]tbm-Kn-°p-I.

Akm-[m-c-W-amb coXn-bn¬ £Ww Is≠-Øp-∂-h-bmWv

Bbv˛Bbvimkv{X-\maw :

tUm_-t‚m-Wnb aU-Km-kvIm-cn-

b≥knkv (Daubentoniamadagascariensis)

s^{_p-hcn 2014 27

Bbv˛Bbv. ac-Øn¬ ap´n-t\m°n AIw-s]m-≈-bmb ÿe-

߃ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn¬ hncp-Xp-Im-Wn-°p-∂h-bm-Wn-h.

Aß-s\-bp≈ ÿew Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™m¬ apt∂m´v

sNcn-™p-\n¬°p∂ ]√p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v ac-Øn¬ sNdn-

sbmcp Zzmcw D≠m°p-∂p. AXn¬ saen-™p-\o≠ a[y-

hnc¬ ISØn ASp-Øp≈ ]pgp-°-sfbpw a‰pw `£n-°p-

∂p. acw-sIm-Øn-bpsS £-W-ti-J-c-W-tØm-Sm-WnXv kmZr-

iy-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

an°-hmdpw ac-Øn\p apI-fn¬Øs∂ Ign-®p-Iq-´p-∂-h-

bmWv Bbv Bbv. A]q¿h-amtb \ne-Øn-d-ßm-dp-≈q. Xo‰n-

bpw Dd-°hpw k©m-c-hp-sa√mw ac-Øn-\p-ap-I-fn¬Ø-s∂.

]I¬ ac-Øn-\p-ap-I-fnse Iq´n¬ Dd-°-am-bn-cn-°pw. cm{Xn-

bmWv `£Ww tXSn-bn-d-ßp-I. ]g-߃, tX≥, hnØp-Iƒ,

{]mWn-Iƒ, Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c-`m-K-߃ F∂n-

h-sbms° Bbv˛Bbv `£-W-am-°m-dp-≠v.

tXß s]mfn-®p-Xn-∂m≥ hsc Chbv°v Ign-bpw.

`£Ww tXSp-∂Xv s]mXpth H‰-bv°m-sW-

¶nepw Nne Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ Iq´mbpw `£Ww

tXSm-dp-≠v. i–hpw K‘hpw D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv

Bi-b-hn-\n-abw km[n-°p-∂-Xv.

ae-Kmkn P\-Xbv°v Chsb ImWp-∂Xv

Zp»-Ip-\-am-Wv. Bbv˛Bbvsb ImWp-tºmƒX-

s∂ {Kmao-W¿ AXns\ sIm√m≥ {ian-°pw.

sIm∂p-I-gn-™m¬ AXns\ hgn-b-cn-In¬ sI´n-

Øq-°pw. Cßs\ sNbvXm¬ AXns‚ Zpjn-

® Bflm-hns\ bm{X-°m¿ Zqtc°v hln-®p-sIm-

≠p-t]m-Ip-sa-∂mWv Ah-cpsS hnizm-kw.

hwi-\m-i-`o-j-Wn-bpsS h°n¬ FØn-

\n¬°p∂ Hcp kv]ojn-kmWv Bbv Bbv. B-

hm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS timj-Whpw {KmaoW P\-

X-bpsS A‘-hn-izm-khpw tN¿∂mWv Chsb

hnkvar-Xn-bn-te°v X≈p-hm≥ Hcp-ßp-∂-Xv. B-

bv Bbv Nne-t∏mƒ {Kma-sØ-cp-hn-eqsS Bsc-

bpw IqkmsX \S∂p t]mhm-dp-≠-t{X. AXp-

t]mse Im´n-se-Øp∂ Kth-j-I-cpsS ASpØv

sN∂v Ah-cpsS jq aW-Øp-t\m-°p-I-t]mepw

sNøm-dp-≠t{X Cu Pohn. `b-bn-√m-bvabpw

CXns‚ \mi-Øns‚ hgn-sX-fn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

�

Unbm≥ t^mkn F∂ Ata-cn-°≥ P¥p-im-kv{X-

⁄bv°v tKmdn-√-I-tfm-Sm-bn-cp∂p {]nbw. 18 h¿j-tØmfw

Ah¿ tKmdn-√-I-sf-∏‰n ]Tn-°m≥ sNe-h-gn-®p. tKmdn-√-I-

fpsS tI{μ-amb dphm-≠-bnse ]¿h-X-°m-Sp-I-fn-em-bn-cp∂p

Ah-cpsS Kth-jWw ]ptcm-K-an-®-Xv. {]ikvX \c-hwi

imkv{X-⁄-\m-bn-cp∂ eqbn eo°n-bm-bn-cp∂p tKmdn-√-I-

sf-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°m≥ t^mknsb t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv. 1983¬ Ah¿

Hcp ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-Xn˛ "tKmdn-√mkv C≥ Zn anÃv'. Icn-tkmIv

Kth-j-W-tI-{μ-Øn¬ ]¿h-XtKm-dn-√-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

imkv{Xob ]T-\hpw t^mkn-bpsS Xs∂ hy‡-]-c-amb

IY-Ifpw Iq´n-°p-g-®mWv Ah¿ ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-Xn-b-Xv.

Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ temI-Ønse G‰hpw anI®

ss{]ta‰v hnZ-Kv[-cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p t^mkn. Ah-tcm-

sSm∏w \n¬°p∂p sPbn≥ KpUmfpw ss_dq´v KmƒUn-

°-kpw. Chsc aq∂p-t]-scbpw tN¿Øv "ss{Sta‰vk' F∂v

hnfn-°m-dp-≠v. t^mkn tKmdn-√-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw KpUmƒ

Nnºm≥kn-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw KmƒUn-°kv HdmwKp´m-\p-I-sf-∏-

‰n-bp-am-bn-cp∂p Kth-jWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ch-sc-

sbms° Cu Kth-j-W-ta-J-e-bn-te°v \bn-®Xv eqbn

eo°n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Unbm≥ t^mknhy‡n

�

imkv{X-tI-cfw28

[\-k-am-l-c-W-Øn-\p≈ \nc-h[n ^≠p-I-sf-°p-dn®v \mw

tI´n-´p-≠v. Unbm≥ t^mkn cq]w \¬Inb AØcw Hcp ^≠mWv

UnPn‰v ^≠v. Ct∏m-g-Xns‚ t]cv Unbm≥ t^mkn tKmdn√ ^≠v

C‚¿\m-j-W¬ F∂m-Wv. tKmdn-√-Isf th´-bm-Sp-∂Xv XS-bp-∂-Xn-

\mbn ]Ww kam-l-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv CXns‚ e£yw.

1977se ]pXp-h¬k-c-Zn-\-Øn-emWv t^mkn-bpsS G‰hpw {]nb-

s∏´ tKmdn-√ UnPn-‰v sIm√-s∏-´-Xv. Bdp-t]-c-S-ßp∂ th´-°mcpw

Ah-cpsS th´-\m-bv°fpw tN¿∂v t^mkn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈

{Kq∏ns\ B{I-an-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏m-gmWv UnPn‰v Ah-cp-sS-bn-

S-bn¬ NmSn-hoWv th -°msc Xpc-Øm≥ {ian-®-Xv. Hcp \mbsb Ah¿

hI-h-cp-Øn, CXn-\n-S-bn¬ Kth-j-I-kw-L-Øn\v c£-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-

™p. F∂m¬ UnPn-‰ns\ th´-°m¿ ]nSn-Iq-Sn. Ahs‚ ssI sh´n-

sb-SpØv Ah¿ sIm≠p-t]mbn 20 tUmf-dn\v hn‰p. tKmdn-√-I-fpsS

ssIIƒ°mWv am¿°-‰v. t^mkn-bpsS Bƒ°m¿ UnPn-‰ns‚ arX-

i-cocw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw th´-°m-cn-sem-cmsf ]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cu kw`-h-sØ-Øp-S¿∂mWv Unbm≥ t^mkn UnPn‰v ^≠v

cq]o-I-cn-®-Xv.

UnPn‰v ^≠v

IWnI

ih-°-√-d-bnepw XpS-cp∂ kulrZw

s^{_p-hcn 2014 29

imkv{X-tI-cfw30

al-Ømb kn\n-a-Ifn-eqsS Hcp bm{Xt¢mk∏v

\nKq-Vhpw Ahy-‡hpw BImw£ DW¿Øp-∂-

Xp-amb Hcp ]mXncm aZy-tk-h-bpsS Zriy-tØm-sS-bmWv

"h¨kv At∏m¨ F ssSw C≥ A\-t‰m-enb' F∂ Xp¿-

°n Ne-®n{Xw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. \K-cm-Xn¿Øn-bnse hnP-

\-amb sslth-°-cn-Inse Hcp apdn-bn¬ aq∂p-t]¿ Ccn-

°p-∂p-≠v. Ahy-‡-amb kwkmcw \ap°v ]pdØv \n∂v

" h¨k v" h¨k v" h¨k v" h¨k v" h¨k v At∏ m¨At∏ m¨At∏ m¨At∏ m¨At∏ m¨ FFFFF ss S wss S wss S wss S wss S w C ≥C ≥C ≥C ≥C ≥A\-t‰-menb'

2011/ Xp¿°n/ S¿°njv/ If¿/ 157 an\p´v, kwhn-[m\w \qdn _n¬Pn sPem¬

tIƒ°mw. ]pdØv tamßp∂ Hcp ]´n°v `£-W-Øns‚

_m°n sImSpØv AI-tØbv°v Xs∂ Hcmƒ Xncn-®p-I-

b-dp-tºmƒ ssS‰n¬kv sXfn-bp-I-bm-bn. 2011se Im≥

^nenw-s^-Ãn-h-en¬ {Km‚ v {]o ]pc-kvImcw t\Snb Cu

Nn{Xw kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \qdn _n¬Pn

sPem¬ BWv. Ip‰m-t\z-jW kz`m-h-Øn¬ Bcw-`n-

hnP-b-Ip-am¿ ªmØq¿

al-Ømb kn\n-a-Ifn-eqsS Hcp bm{X

s^{_p-hcn 2014 31

°p∂ kn\na ac-W-tØbpw Pohn-X-tØbpw Ipdn-®p≈

at\m-lc BJym-\-ambn ]Xps° hnI-kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

\m´p-sh-fn®w am™p-Xp-S-ßp∂ A\-t‰m-enb acp-{]-

tZ-i-Øns‚ KqV-`q-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ AXn hnZq-c-X-bn¬ \n∂v

hf-™p-]p-f™ sNΩ¨]m-X-I-fneqsS hcp∂ aq∂p

hml-\-ß-fpsS slUvsse-‰ns‚ Zriy-tØm-sS-bmWv ssS-

‰n-en-\p-tijw kn\na ]p\-cm-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. BZy Zriy-Øn-

se ]mXncm k¬°m-c-Ønse bmk¿ F∂-bmƒ sIm√-

s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Abm-fpsS Iq´p-Im-c-\mb sI\mhpw ktlm-

Z-c-\mb da-km\pw t]meokv ]nSn-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ihw

ad-hp-sNbvX ÿew Is≠-Øm-\mbn {]Xn-Ifp-ambn t]m-

eokv No^pw klm-bn-Ifpw h\y-amb B {]tZ-iØv IqSn

Ae-bp-I-bm-Wv Cu t\c-a-{X-bpw. t{]mkn-Iyq-´dpw t^m-

d≥knIv k¿P\pw IqsS-Ø-s∂-bp-≠v.

\ocp-d-hbpw H‰-s∏´ Hcp ac-hp-sam-s°-bmWv AS-bm-f-

ambn sI\m≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. a\-∏q¿hw Abmƒ Ahsc Ipc-

ßp-I-fn-∏n-°p-I-bmtWm F∂v t]meokv No^n\v kwi-b-

ap-≠v. Abmƒ°v £a \in-®p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. t{]mkn-

Iyq-´¿ hfsc Xnc-°n-\n-S-bn-emWv Ct∏mƒ Ch-tcm-sSm∏w

bm{X XpS-cp-∂-Xv. s]s´∂v tPmen Xo¿Øv shfp-∏n\v At±-

l-Øn\v A¶-md-bn-se-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

apJy {]Xn-bmb sI\m≥ t]meokv No^ns‚ Imdns‚

]nd-Ip-ko-‰n¬ ssIhn-e-ßp-I-tfmsS Ccn-°p-∂p-≠v. Acn-

In-embn tUmŒ-dpw. hnP-\-amb ]p¬{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-eqsS Hm-

tcm-cn-S-ß-fn-te-°mbn bm{X XpS-cp-I-bmWv as‰mcp Imdn¬

t{]mkn-Iyq-´dpw klm-bn-I-fpw. t]meo-kvPo-∏n¬ Hcp

skIyq-cn-‰n Hm^o-kdpw aÆp-In-f®v ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\p≈

Iqen-°m-cpw. ioX-°m-‰pw CSn-an-∂epw Nm‰-a-gbpw A\-¥-

hn-im-e-amb B Xcn-in-S-Øn\v h√m-sØmcp `oXn-bpsS

ISpw-\ndw ]qip-∂p-≠v.

h≠n-I-fpsS slUvsse‰v \¬Ip∂ CØncn {]Im-

i-h-´-Øn-\-∏p-d-Øp≈ hnim-e-amb Ccp-´v \nKq-VX Iq´p-

∂p. CØncn Im‰n¬ B™p-e-bp∂ ac-Ø-e-∏p-Ifpw

]p¬∏-c-∏p-Ifpw A`u-a-amb Hcp ]cn-kcw kr„n-°p-∂p.

bm{X-bn¬ {]Xn-I-sfm-gnsI F√m-hcpw ]eXpw kw-

km-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Hcn-°epw ad-°mØ Cu cm{Xn-bm-{X-sb-

°p-dn®v ]n∂oSv ]e-t∏mgpw ]s≠m-cn-°¬ Rm≥ A\-

t‰m-en-b-bn¬ F∂ a´n¬ Hcp ]g-¶Y ]d-bm-\m-hp-sa∂v

Ah¿ Xami ]d-bp-∂p-ap-≠v.

t]meo-kvNo^v t{]mkn-Iyq-´¿, tUmŒ¿ Ch¿ XΩn¬

D≠m-Ip∂ kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-eqsS Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-sØ-

°p-dn®pw IpSpw-_-tØ-°p-dn®pw Hs° Nne kqN-\-Iƒ

\ap°v e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. bm{X-bpsS aSp-∏p-am-‰m≥ Ah¿ ]d-

bp∂ Xam-i-Iƒ {]Xn-bmb sI\m\pw tIƒ°p-∂p-≠v.

al-Ømb kn\n-a-Ifn-eqsS Hcp bm{Xt¢mk∏v

imkv{X-tI-cfw32

Intem-ao-‰-dp-Iƒ bm{X-sNbvXv sI\m≥ ]d™ AS-

bm-f-ß-fp≈ Hcp ÿe-sØ-Øn-b-t∏mƒ X\n°v CXp

Xs∂-bmtWm ÿe-sa∂v Dd-∏n-s√∂p ]d-bp∂p. Xm≥

B cm{Xn-bn¬ aZy-]n-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ IrXy-ambpw Hm¿an-

°m-\m-hp-∂n√ F∂pw. CXv tI´ t]meokv No^ns‚ F-

√m \nb-{¥-Whpw \„-s∏´v sI\ms\ arKo-b-ambn a¿Zn-

°p-∂p-≠v. t{]mkn-Iyq-´¿ CS-s]´v F√mw im¥-am-°p-∂p.

X¬°mew F√m-h¿°pw Ipd®v hn{i-a-amWv th≠-sX∂pw

AXn-\p-tijw At\z-jWw XpScmw F∂pw Xocp-am-\n-°p-

∂p. ASp-Øp≈ Hcp {Kma-Øn-te°v Ah¿ bm{XXpS-cp-

∂p. {Kma-ap-Jy≥ hfsc lm¿Z-ambn Ahsc B ]mXn-cm-

hn¬ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. kwL-Ønse F√m-h¿°pw `£-

Ww Hcp°n \¬Ip-∂p. CSbv°v Im‰n¬ sshZypXn \ne-

bv°p-∂p. ioX-°m‰pw bm{Xm-£o-Whpw Ccp´pw F√m-h-

tcbpw sNdp-Xmbn ab-°-Øn-te°v hogvØp-∂p-≠v. a¨ho-

Sns‚ ap‰Øv ]e-`m-K-Ømbn Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ccp-∂p-a-b-

ßp-I-bm-Wv. {Kma-ap-Jys‚ aIƒ Paoe sh≈n-Øm-e-Øn¬

kv^Sn-I-]m-{X-ß-fn¬ Nmb-bp-ambn Hcp NnΩn-\n-hn-f°pw

Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v Ahsc Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-tcbpw hnfn-®p-W¿Øp-

∂p-≠v. ]mXn-a-b-°-Øn¬ I¨Xp-d-°p∂ Ah-tcm-cp-Øcpw

hnf-°ns‚ a™-sh-fn-®-Øn¬ Xnf-°p∂ kuμ-cy-am-

bmWv Pao-esb ImWp-∂-Xv. Ah-cn-sem-s°bpw Pohn-X-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ \hy-{]` ]c-Øn-s°m≠v Ahƒ IS-∂p-

t]m-bn. Ah-tfmSv Nmb hmßn-b-t∏mƒ sI\m≥ F¥n-

\mWv Ic-™Xv F∂v \ap°v thK-Øn¬ a\- n-em-Ipw.

"bmk¿' F∂v ]d™v Ahƒ Nncn-®Xv F¥n-s\-∂pw.

CXn-t\-Øp-S¿∂v sI\m≥ IqSp-X¬ cl-ky-߃

t]meokv No^n-t\mSv Xpd-∂p-]-d-bp-∂p-≠v. A∂sØ aZy-

tk-h-bv°n-S-bn¬ bmk-dns‚ aI≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Xs‚

Ip™mWv F∂v Adn-bmsX ]d-™-Xn-t\-Øp¿∂p-≠mb

hg-°n-\n-S-bn-emWv bmk¿ acn-®-sX∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

A\-t‰m-en-b-bn¬ ag-\-\-bp∂ {]`m-Xw. hnP-\-amb

Xcn-in-S-ß-fn-eqsS Ah¿ bm{X At∏mgpw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.

Ah-km\w IrXy-amb ÿew sI\m≥ Im´n-s°m-Sp-°p-

∂p. Hcp \ocp-d-h-bv°-cn-In¬ Ipg™ aÆn¬ Im´p-\mb

ihw ISn®v ]pd-Øn-Sm-\p≈ {ia-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Iq´n-s°-

´nb \ne-bn¬ ihw ]pd-sØ-Sp-Øp. CtXmsS t]meokv

No^ns‚ tPmen Ign-™p. t{]mkn-Iyq-´¿ Xs‚ HutZym-

KnI Npa-X-e-Ifn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. t]mÃvtam¿´w sNøm≥

al-Ømb kn\n-a-Ifn-eqsS Hcp bm{X

s^{_p-hcn 2014 33

AhnsS kuI-cy-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ihw ]pX-∏n¬ s]mXn-

™v AhcpsS Imdn¬Øs∂ Un°n-bn¬ IpØn-°-b‰n

\K-c-Ønse Bip-]-{Xn-bn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p.

bmk-dns‚ kplr-Øp-°fpw _‘p-°fpw Bip-]-{Xn-

bn¬ ImØn-cn-∏p-≠v. t_mUn sIm≠p-h-∂-t∏mƒ IqsS

sI\ms\ I≠-t∏mƒ Ah¿ _lfw Iq´p-∂p-≠v. bmk-

dns‚ `mcybpw aI\pw AhnsS ImØn-cn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

B Ip´nsb {]Xo-£-tbmsS t\m°p∂ sI\ms‚ apJ-

tØbv°v Hcp I√v Ah≥ hen-s®-dn-bp-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw

sI\m≥ hnXp-ºn-°-c-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu ImgvN t]meokv No^n-t\bpw Akz-ÿ-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂p-≠v. B Ip´n sI\ms‚ Xs∂-bm-sW∂v Abmfpw

Dd-∏m-°p-∂Xv B Ic-®n¬ I≠m-Wv.

hni-Z-amb Hmt´m]vkn ]cn-tim-[\ tUmŒ¿ \S-Øp-

∂p-≠v. izm-k-tIm-i-Øn¬ I≠ aÆns‚ kqN\ acn-°p-

∂-Xn\p aptº-bmWv bmk-dns\ sI\m≥ Ipgn-®n- Xv F∂m-

Wv. ]t£ tUmŒ¿ a\-∏q¿hw B hnhcw dnt∏m¿´n¬

tN¿°p-∂n-√. AsX-¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v Nn¥n-°m≥ t{]-

£-I¿°v hnSp-∂p-≠v. acn® BfpsS ih-i-co-c-Øn¬ \n-

∂pw In´nb hkvXp-°ƒ Ah-Im-in-I-fmb mcybv°pw aI-

\pw tUmŒ¿ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. tam¿®-dn°v kao-]-Øp≈ Du-

Sp-h-gn-bn-eqsS Ah¿ Xmtgbv°v \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv Pme-

I-Øn-eqsS t\m°n-\n¬°p∂ tUmŒ-dpsS kao-]-Zr-iy-

Øn-emWv Cu kn\na Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv. \S-Ø-Øn-\n-

S-bn¬ Ip∂n-d-°-Ønse kvIqƒ Ifn-ÿ-eØv \n∂v sX-

dn®v h∂ ^pSvt_mƒ HmSn-s®s-∂-Sp-°p∂ B Ip´n-bpsS

\njvI-f-¶-Xbpw \n¿hn-Im-c-Xbpw Hm¿Øp-sIm-≠v.

hnP-\hpw \ni-–-hp-amb B cm{Xn-bn¬ B kwL-

Øn-ep-≈h¿ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv kwkm-cn-®-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ

hm°p-Iƒ ]pdØv tIƒ°m-sX, Nne-t∏mƒ ]c-kv]-cw, a‰p-

Nn-e-t∏mƒ Xt∂m-Sp-X-s∂. AXpw IqSmsX B `q{]-Ir-Xn-

bnse Im‰n-t\mSpw ac-ß-tfmSpw hsc. Xs∂ Dt]-£n-

®vt]mb `mcy-sb-°p-dn-®pw Xs‚ _mey-sØ-°p-dn®pw

tUmŒ¿ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. ap≥Iq´n {]h-Nn-®-Xp-t]mse Ip™n-

s\ {]k-hn® DS≥ lrZ-bm-LmXw h∂p acn® Hcp kpμ-

cn-sb-°p-dn®v (A-hƒ Bfl-lXy sNbvX-Xm-sW∂v tUm-

Œ¿ bp‡n-]q¿hw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ) B kv{Xo

Xs‚ mcy Xs∂-bm-sW∂v t{]mkn-Iyq-´¿ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-

≠v. {Kma-Øn¬ ihw kq£n-°m-\p≈ apdn-bpsS \n¿am-

W-^≠v Xc-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {ian-°p∂ {Kma-ap-Jys\ \Ωƒ

ImWp-∂p-≠v. F∏gpw `£Ww kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂ Im¿-

ss{U-h-dmb Ad-_n-bpsS Poh-nXm-k‡n t{]£-I¿ Adn-

bp-∂p-≠v. ihw Ipgn-s®-Sp-°p∂ kabw kao-]-Øp-\n∂p

In´nb XÆn-a-Ø\pw ih-tØm-sSm∏w Un°n-bn¬ FSp-

Øp-h-bv°p∂ Abmƒ \ap°v henb kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-

∂p-≠v.

hfsc kzm`m-hn-I-X-tXm-∂n-°p∂ A`n-\-b-an-I-hn-\m¬

CXnse Hmtcm IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw t{]£-I¿°v ap∂n¬

Pohn-°p-I-bm-Wv. bmsXmcphn[ Ir{Xn-a-]-›m-Øe kwKo-

Xhpw Cu Nn{X-Øn¬ kwhn-[m-b-I≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-

√. cm{Xn-bpsS kzm`m-hnI i–w \sΩ Hcp ]mXn-cm-hns‚

A\p-`-h-Øn-se-Øn-°p-∂p-≠v.

F√m Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fp-sSbpw Ah-km-\sØ Cc-Iƒ

Ip´n-Iƒ Xs∂ F∂v Hm¿an-∏n-®p-sIm≠v ]›m-Ø-e-Ønse

Ip´n-I-fpsS Ie-]ne i–w Zriy-߃ am™n´pw kwhn-

[m-b-I≥ _m°n-sh-bv°p-∂p-≠v. kw`m-j-W-߃ ]e-Xn-

t‚bpw ]cn-lm-c-߃ IqSn-bmWv F∂v ]d-bmsX ]d-bp-

∂p-ap-≠v. �

imkv{X-tI-cfw34

kq cy≥

Ing-°p-Zn®v ]Sn-™m-

d-kvX-an-°p-sa-∂-dnbmw

\ap-°v. s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬ D-

®bv°v kqcys\°mWp-I Ip-

d®v sX°v amdn-bp-am-Wv. s^{_p-

hcn ˛ am¿®v amk-ß-fn¬ sX°≥

Nmbvhv Ipd-™p-h-cp-∂Xpw \nco-£n-®-dn-

bmw. ap‰Øv IpØs\ \n¿Ønb Hcp Iºns‚

\ng¬ \nco-£n®v Cu am‰-ß-sf√mw Xncn-®-dn-bmw.

\ng¬ \ofta C√m-Xm-hp∂ thf Is≠-Øn-bm¬ A-

t∏mƒ kqcy≥ IpØs\ apI-fn-em-sW∂pw Dd-∏m°mw.

kqcys‚ sXt°m´pw hS-t°m-´p-ap≈ hm¿jnI k©m-

cw {]Xy-£-am-Wv. (F-t∏m-sg-¶nepw CsXms° {i≤n-°p-

∂-h¿°v!) Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ sX°≥Nm-bvhn¬ \n∂v hS-

°≥ Nmbvhnte°v kqcy≥ IS-°p∂ ka-bw-h-cpw. A-

ßs\ Hcp Znhkw kqcy≥ Ing°v \n∂v ]Sn-™m-tdbv°v

IS-°p-∂, \´p-®bv°v kqcy≥ t\sc Xebv°v apI-fn¬

hcp∂ aplq¿Øw Bbn.

tIc-f-Øn¬ \n¬°p-tºm-gmtW Cu hS-°≥ Nmbvhpw

sX°≥ Nmbvhpsams° ImWm-\m-hp-I. DØ-cm¿[-tKm-f-

Øn¬ 24 Un{Kn A£mw-i-Øn\p hS°v Xma-kn-°p-∂-

h¿°v kqcys‚ hS-°≥ Nmbvth C√. sX°≥ Nmbvth

D≈q. AXv IqSpw, Ipd-bpw. Aßs\ kqcy≥ t\sc Xe-

bv°p apI-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-hp∂ A\p-`hw `qa-[y-tc-J-

bv°-SpØv Xma-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v In´p∂ Hc-]q¿h aplq¿Ø-

am-Wv. B aplq¿Øw IÆq-cpw, hb-\m-´nepw Xncp-h-\-¥-

]p-cØpw CSp-°n-bnepw Be-∏p-g-bnepw Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øp-

sa√mw Htc-k-abw FØp-tam, F¥p tXm∂p∂p? AXm-

Xn-SØv Xma-kn-°p∂ Iq´p-Im¿°v \nco-£n-°m-a-t√m.

kqcy≥ D®n-bn¬

Pn.- _m-e-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿

Hmtcm

samss_¬t^mWpw

\nco-£-W-Øn-\n-cn-°p∂ a‰p Iq´p-Im-cpsS \ºcpw D-

s≠-¶n¬ hnfn-®p-tNm-Zn-®p-IqsS ˛ "CXm ChnsS kqcy≥

Xebv°v apI-fn¬ FØn. Ahn-sStbm?'

Adn-bm-hp∂ `qan-imkv{Xw sh®v "kw`hw' {]Xo-£n-

°p∂ Znh-khpw ka-bhpw Hs° Ipdn®v sh®p-sIm-≈q.

Dulw icn-bm-bm¬ AXns‚ {Xn¬! icn-bm-bn-s√-¶n¬

F¥p-sIms≠∂v At\z-jn°mw, Nn¥n-°mw, Is≠Ømw!

IpØs\ \m´nb Iºn-s\-°mƒ IrXy-X-bp≈ Hcp

kwhn-[m\w thWw. (Nn{Xw 1) \ap°o "s{]mPIvSv' sN-

øm≥. Nn{X-Øn¬. 2 ao‰¿ \ofhpw 2 sk‚o-ao-‰¿ hymk-

hp-ap≈ EPp-hm-b, Ipg-emWv AB (Aeq-an-\nbw ss]∏mWv

\√-Xv. `mcw Ipdhv; shbn-te-‰mepw hf-bn-√). shbn-ep-

≈n-SØv \m´nb c≠p XqWp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ hen-®p-sI-´nb

Cc- -®-c-Sp-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS Ipg¬ ISØn Nc-Sp-Iƒ ]ncn®v

IpØs\ Xq°n-bn-´n-cn-°p∂ Ipg-ens\ PQ `mKw Ab-

hp≈ d∫¿ Bhp-∂Xv \∂v. Ipg-ens‚ Nph-S‰w \ne-Øp-

\n∂v ct≠m aqt∂m sk‚o-ao-‰¿ Db-¿∂v \n¬°-Ww. \ne-

{]h¿Ø\w

s^{_p-hcn 2014 35

Øv Hcp sh≈ t]∏tdm sX¿tam-t°mƒ jot‰m Dd-∏n®v

shbv°mw.

Xq°n-bn´ Ipg¬ \ne-Øp-≠m-°p∂ \ng-emWv \nco-

£n-t°-≠-Xv. am¿®v G{]n¬ amk-Øn¬ \√ shbn-

ep-≠m-hpw. am¿®v H∂n\p Xs∂ \nco-£Ww XpS-

ßmw. \ng-ens‚ Zni, \ofw, D®-k-a-bØv \ng¬-

\ofw ]qPy-Øn-te-s°-Øp-∂pthm? C{X-bp-

amWv {i≤n-t°-≠-Xv. Hcp Znhkw XpS¿®-

bmbn \nco-£n-®m¬; ]ns∂bpw ]e Znh-

k-߃ \nco-£Ww Bh¿Øn-®m¬ F-

s¥ms° Is≠Ømw? kqcy≥ t\sc

apI-fn¬ hcp-tºmƒ \ng¬\ofw ]qPyw

Bhpw. GXp Znhkw GXp t\c-ØmWv

kqcy≥ \nß-fpsS hoSns‚/ kvIqfns‚

s\dp-I-bn¬ hcp-∂-Xv Fs∂-ßs\

Is≠-Ømw. GXm\pw sk°‚p-Itf

AXp-≠mhq F∂v ap∂-dn-bn∏v Xcmw. B

aplq¿Øw Ipdn-°-Ww. Ipdn-®p-h-bv°p-a-

t√m, sk°‚p-Iƒhsc IrXy-ambn´v.

F∂n´v Iq´p-Imsc hnfn-°Ww ˛ ""ChnsS

"]qPy-\n-g¬' In´n. Ahn-sStbm?'' AhnsS

In´p∂ IrXy-k-abw tNmZn®v Ipdn-°-Ww.

A∂v Iq´p-Im-cn°vv In´n-bn-s√-¶n-tem, ImØn-

cn-°Ww In´p-∂-Xp-h-sc. Hcp kwLw Ip´n-Iƒ

Hcn-S -sØm-cp -an®v \nco-£-W-Øn-te¿s∏-´m¬

�

(Nn{Xw 2)

kabw Ipdn-°epw AI-se-bp-≈-hsc hnfn-°epw F√mw

Ffp-∏-am-bn. \n߃°v ]qPy\ng¬ In´n-bmepw ASpØ

GXm\pw Znhkw F¥p-am‰w hcp∂p F∂v \nco-£n-°-

Ww.

]p¬∏-≈n-bnse cta-i-\pw, cmPm-°ms´ a©phpw

ssh∏n-\nse eoebpw \nß-tfm-sSm-∏w \nco-£Ww XpS-

cp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Iq´p-Im-cpsS Hcp "s\‰vh¿°v D≠m°n ]e

ÿe-ß-fn-en-cp∂v \ng¬ \nco-£n-°emWt√m t{]mP-

IvSv. Iøn¬ Hcp t^mWpw, ]c-kv]cw IrXy-ambn s]mcp-

Ø-s∏-Sp-Ønb hm®p-Ifpw {][m\ D]-I-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. \n-

co-£W ÿe-ß-fpsS tcJmw-ihpw A£mw-ihpw Adn-

™p-hbv°-Ww. G{]n¬ Ign-™m¬ Nn¥n-°mw, ""C\n

ho≠pw hoSn\p apI-fn¬ kqcy-s\-Øp-∂-sX∂v?''

Imcyw \n m-cw. ]t£ GXm\pw Znhkw \o≠p-

\n¬°p∂ Hcp X]- mbn amdWw ]cn-]m-Sn. s\‰n-epƒ-

s∏´ Ah-km-\sØ kplrØn\pw "]qPy-\n-g¬' In´p-

∂-Xp-hsc F√m-hcpw ^o¬Un¬ D≠m-h-Ww, ]c-kv]cw

_‘-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v. ]ns∂-Øp-Sßmw In´nb Um‰m hni-

I-e\w sNøm≥.

(k-abw GIo-I-cn-°m\pw a‰v kwi-b-߃ Xo¿°m\pw teJ-

Is\ 9895207063 F∂ \º-dn¬ _‘-s∏-SpI ˛ FUn-‰¿)(Nn{Xw 1)

A

PQ

B

imkv{X-tI-cfw36

a\p-jy¿ k¥p-„-cm-Im-dp-≠v, Nne-t∏mƒ Ak-¥p-„-cpw. a‰p Pohn-I-sfbpw thW-sa-¶n¬ Aßs\

hnti-jn-∏n-°mw. ]t£ kwJy-Iƒ°pt≠m k¥p-„nbpw Ak-¥p-„nbpw? F¥mWv k¥p„ kwJy-

Iƒ? Fß-s\-bmWv Hcp kwJy k¥p-„-kwJy BtWm F∂v Adn-bp-∂Xv? Hcp DZm-l-c-W-Øn-eqsS

AXv BZyw ]d-bmw. \ap°v 25 k¥p„ kwJy BtWm F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

25se A°-߃ 2Dw 5Dw BW-t√m. Ch-bpsS h¿K-߃ FSp-°p-I. AXm-bXv 4Dw 25Dw. Ah

XΩn¬ Iq´pI. Ct∏mƒ ]pXnb Hcp kwJy In´n-bn-t√. 29. CXn-t∑epw CtX {Inb-Iƒ Bh¿Øn-°p-I.

At∏mƒ 4 + 81 = 85. XpS¿∂m¬.

k¥p-„-kw-Jy-Iƒ(Happy Numbers)

Fw.-B¿.kn. \mb¿

ChnsS \n¿Ømw. ImcWw \n߃°v a\- n-em-bn-´p-

≠m-hpw. 89 \ap°v apºv In´nb kwJy-bm-Wv. C\n

F{X-bmWv In´p-I F∂v \Ωƒ t\ctØ I≠-Xm-Wv.

145. ]ns∂ 42, 20, 4, ... AXn\n Cßs\ Bh¿Øn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Cßs\ A\-¥-ambn h´w-Np-‰p∂

kwJy-Iƒ k¥p„ kwJy-I-f-√. Ahsb Ak-¥p„

kwJy-Iƒ F∂v ]d-bmw. At∏mƒ k¥p„ kwJy-

I-tfm. \ap°v thsd Hcp DZm-l-cWw t\m°mw.

C\n XpS-tc-≠-Xn-√-t√m. H∂v Xs∂ Bh¿Øn-

®p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw F∂v hy‡-at√. CØcw

kwJy-IsfbmWv k¥p-„-kw-Jy-Iƒ F∂v

hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. [\ ]q¿W-kw-Jy-I-fn¬ am{X-at√

\Ωƒ Cu sNbvX {Inb-Iƒ \S-Øm-\m-Iq. Cu

s^{_p-hcn 2014 37

STATEMENT ABOUT OWNERSHIP AND OTHER PARTICULARS OF THE SASTHRAKERALAMMONTHLY (MALAYALAM) FORM IV

1. Place of publication : Kozhikode2. Periodicity of publication : Monthly3. Printer's name : V.V.Sreenivasan

Nationality : IndianAddress : Parishad Bhavan, Kozhikode - 673 002

4. Publisher's name : V.V.Sreenivasan5. Editor's name : Dr. Balakrishnan Cherooppa

Nationality : IndianAddress : Parishad Bhavan, Kozhikode - 673 002

6. Name & address of individualswho own the news paper orshare holders holding more than : Kerala Sasthrasahitya Parishad1% of the total capital Kozhikode, 673 002

I, V.V.Sreenivasan hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the bestof my knowledge and belief

Kozhikode sd/-20/01/2014 V.V.Sreenivasan

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Ifpw 1000 hsc 143 k¥p„ kwJy-I-fp-ap-≠v. H∂v Ign-

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km[y-X-I-fmWv A¶-K-WnXw Xpd-∂p-X-cp-∂-Xv.

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imkv{X-tI-cfw38

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i-߃ Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw sXm´-

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tNm¿∂p-t]m-Im-dn-√. F∂m¬ kn\-

kvXo-knb _m[n-X-cn¬ CX√ ÿXn.

Ah-cpsS akvXn-jv°-Ønse Nne

tI{μ-߃°n-S -bn¬ ktμ-i-߃

tNm¿∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠m-

Wv Ah¿ kwJy-Iƒ ImWp-tºmƒ H-

∏w h¿W-߃ IqSn Z¿in-°p-∂-Xv. {]-

Xy-£-Øn¬ CØncn B`m-k-I-c-sa∂v

tXm∂n-tb-°m-hp∂ Cu \nK-a-\sØ

]n≥Xm-ßp∂ Nne sXfn-hp-Iƒ ]n-

∂oSv e`n-®p.

kn\-kvXo-kn-bbv°v Ds≠mcpP\n-XI ASn-Ød

kn\-kvXo -knb kw_-‘n®

{^m≥knkv Kmƒ´s‚ ]e \nco-£-W-

ßfpw \nK-a-\-ßfpw tUm.-hn.-Fkv

cma-N-{μs‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ Kth-j-

I¿ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Nne

IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ H∂n-e-[nIw t]¿ Htc

t]mep≈ kn\-kvXo-knb _m[n-X-cm-

bn ImWp-∂p≠v Fs∂mcp \nco-£-

Ww At±lw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ]e

]n¬°me Kth-j-Icpw CXv icn-h-®n-

´p-≠v. kn\-kvXo-kn-bbv°v Hcp P\n-

XI ASn-Ød Ds≠-∂mWv CXv Im-

Wn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m Ip-

Spw-_-kz-`m-h-ambn CXv \ne-\n¬°p-

∂-Xv. km[m-cWbmbn \ΩpsS akvXn-

jv°-Ønse Hmtcm sNdp-tI-{μhpw

AXns‚ Ih-NnX kz`mhw ImØp-kq-

£n-°p-∂p. AXmbXv, ASp-Ø-Sp-Øp-

≈ akvXn-jv°-tI-{μ-߃ t]mepw

Ah-bv°n-S-bn¬ ktμ-i-kn-·-ep-Iƒ

tNm¿∂p-t]m-ImsX kq£n-°p-∂p. \-

ΩpsS t{Ima-tkm-an-ep≈ Ht∂m AXn-

e-[n-Itam Po\p-I-fm-bn-cn°pw CXns\

\nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv. kn\-kvXo-knb _m-

[n-X-cn¬ Cu {]tXy-I Po≥ Dƒ∏-cn-

h¿Ø-\-Øn\v (Gene mutation) hnt[-

b-am-Ip-∂p≠v F∂p-thWw Icp-Xm≥.

CXns‚ ^etam? Hmtcm akvXnjv°

tI{μ-Ønepw HXpßn \n¬°m-dp≈

\yqtdm¨ X¥p-°-fn¬ Ipsd-sbÆw

sXm -Sp-Øp≈ as‰mcp akvXnjv° tI-

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∂p. ASp-Ø-Sp-Øp≈ akvXnjv° tI-

{μ-߃°v CS-bn¬ \S-°p∂ \mUo-

kn-·-ep-I-fpsS tNm¿®-bmWv kn\-

kvXo-kn-b-bmbn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

Hcp tNmZyw,AXn-\p-Øcwkn\-kvXo-kn-bbv°v ASn-ÿm\

ImcWw Po≥ Dƒ∏-cn-h¿Ø\w (Genemutation) BWv F∂ \nK-a-\-Øn-

emWv Kth-j-I¿ FØn-t®¿∂-Xv. Po≥

Dƒ∏-cn-h¿Ø\w B Po\ns‚ \nb-

{¥W kz`mhw \„-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Po-

\ns‚ \nb-{¥-W-{]-`mhw \„-s∏-Sp-∂-

tXmsS akvXn-jv°-Ønse ASp-Ø-

SpØ \mUo-tI-{μ-߃°n-S-bn¬ \yq-

tdm¨ X¥p-°ƒ hf¿∂p-I-b-dm≥ CS-

bm-hp-∂p. CXmWv akvXn-jv°-tI-{μ-

߃°n-S-bn¬ kn·¬ tNm¿®-bp-≠m-

Ip-∂-Xv. Cu \nK-a\w icn-bm-sW∂v

Icp-X-W-sa-¶n¬ as‰mcp tNmZy-Øn-

\p≈ DØcw IqSn Is≠-Ø-Ww. Dƒ∏-

cn-h¿Ø\w aptJ\ \nb-{¥Ww \„-

s∏´ Po\ns‚ {]`mhw F¥p-sIm≠v

GXm\pw Nne akvXn-jv°-tI-{μ-ß-

fn¬ am{Xw HXpßn \n¬°p∂p? A°

˛ h¿W tI{μ-ß-fnepw {ihW ˛

h¿W tI{μ-Ønepw kv]¿i\ hnIm-

c tI{μ-Ønepw am{X-ambn \mUo-X-¥p-

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sN-øp∂ a‰v At\Iw akvXnjv° tI-

{μ-߃°n-S-bn¬ CØcw kn·¬

tNm¿® \S-t°-≠-Xt√? Aßs\ kw-

`-hn-°p-∂pt≠m?

CXn\v hy‡-amb DØcw \¬Ip-

∂ Hcp ]T\\nco-£-W-^ew Kth-j-

I¿°v e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. kn\-kvXo-

knb _m[n-X-cpsS akvXn-jv°-Øn¬

km[m-cW Hcm-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xn-t\-

°mƒ hfsc IqSp-X¬ tI{μ-ß-fn¬

\yqtdm¨ X¥p-°fpsS IS-∂p-I-b‰w

ImWp-∂p≠v; IqSp-X¬ akvXnjv°

tI{μ-ß-fn¬ kn·¬ tNm¿®bpw \S-

°p-∂p-≠v. kn\-kvXo-kn-bbv°v ASn-

ÿm\w Po≥ Dƒ∏-cn -h¿Ø\am -

sW∂ kn≤m-¥-sØ Cu \nco-£Ww

icn-h-bv°p-∂p.

(15˛mw t]Pv XpS¿®)

{`qW-a-kvXn-jv° `mK-߃ XΩn-ep≈

kar-≤-amb \mUo-X-¥p-_-‘w

s^{_p-hcn 2014 39

`qW-a-kvXn-jv°-Ønsesh´n-sbm-Xp-°epw

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[n-X-cpsS akvXn-jv°-tI-{μ-߃ X-

Ωn¬ Bh-iy-Øn-e-[nIw \mUo-tIm-

i-X-¥p-°-fpsS _‘w \ne-\n¬°p-

∂p. km[m-cW Hcm-fpsS akvXnjv°

tI{μ-߃°n-S-bn¬ C{X-tØmfw \m-

Uo-X-¥p-_‘w ImWp-I-bn-√. Hcp a-

kvXnjv° tI{μ-Øn-ep≈ Iptd \m-

Uo-tIm-i-ß-fpsS BIvtkm¨ X¥p-

°ƒ sXm -Sp-Øp≈ akvXnjv° tI{μ-

Øn-te°v IS-∂p-I-b-dn-bmWv Cu _-

‘w ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv F∂ kn≤m¥w

BI¿j-I-am-Wv. Zriy-h¬°-cn-°m≥

Ffp-∏-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ kq£va-\n-co-

£-W-Øn¬ kn\-kvXo-knb _m[n-X-

cpsS akvXnjv° tI{μ-߃ XΩn-

ep≈ A[n-I-amb \mUo-X-¥p-_‘w

ta¬∏-d™ amXncn ÿm]n-°p-∂-X-√.

F¥mWv CXns‚ ]n∂n-ep≈ h-

kvXpX? `qWm-h-ÿ-bn-emWv \ΩpsS

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X, AXnse ASp-Ø-Sp-Øp≈ akvXn-

jv° tI{μ-߃°n-S-bn¬ Xeßpw

hneßpw kar-≤-amb \mUo-X¥p _-

‘w D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xm-Wv. {`qW-

hn-Im-k-Øns‚ Hmtcm L´-Ønepw

Bh-iy-Øn-e-[n-I-ap≈ \mUo-X-¥p-

°sf "sh´n-sbm-Xp-°nbpw apdn-®p-am-

‰nbpw' akvXnjv°w AXns‚ {]h¿-

Ø\w Imcy-£-a-am-°p-∂p. AXn-kq-

£va-X-tbmsS \n¿h-ln-°p∂ Cu

sh´n-sbm-Xp-°-ens‚ Bh-iy-sa-s¥-

t∂m? kn·-ep-Iƒ AYhm ktμ-i-

߃ Hcp akvXn-jv°-Øn¬ \n∂v a-

s‰m-∂n-te°v tNm¿∂p-t]m-ImsX kq-

£n-°p-I-X-s∂. AXn-\m¬ sXm´p-

tN¿∂n-cn-°p∂ akvXnjv° tI{μ-

߃°n-S-bn¬ t]mepw ktμ-i-tNm¿-

® D≠m-Im-dn-√.

\ΩpsS t{Ima-tkm-anse Hcp {]-

tXy-I-Po-\ns‚ \nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ AXn-

kq-£va-X-tbmsS \n¿h-ln-t°≠ H-

∂mWv \mUo-X-¥p-°-fpsS sh´n-sbm-

Xp-°epw apdn-®p-am-‰-epw. kn\-kvXo-

knb _m[n-X-cn¬ Cu {]{Inb \nb-

{¥n-°p∂ khn-ti-j-Po-\n\v Dƒ∏-cn-

h¿Ø\w kw`-hn-°p-∂p. ^e-sa-¥m-

bn-cn°pw? Nne akvXn-jv°-tI-{μ-߃-

°nS-bn-ep≈ \mUo-X-¥p-°-fpsS sh-

´n-sbm-Xp-°¬ A]q¿W-ambn am{Xta

\S-°p-I-bp-≈q. CXns‚ e-sa-¥m-bn-

cn°pw? akvXnjv° tI{μ-߃°n-S-

bn¬ ktμ-i-kn-·-ep-I-fpsS tNm¿-

®bpw kn\-kvXo-knb A\p-`-h-hpw.

{]h-N-\sØsh√p∂ ^e-kn≤n

akvXnjv° tI{μ-߃°n-S-bn-ep-

≠m-Ip∂ kn·-¬ tNm¿®bpw X¬^-

e-am-bp-≠m-Ip∂ akvXnjv° tI{μ-ß-

fpsS "At\ym\y DtØ-P-\hp'amWv

kn\-kvXo-kn-bbv°v Imc-W-sa∂ kn-

≤m-¥sØ imkv{X-temIw AwKo-I-cn-

®p. CXns\ icn-hbv-°p∂ sXfn-hp-

Ifpw e`n-®p. F¶nepw Cu kn≤m-¥-

sØ Hcp ]cn-tim-[-\-bn-eqsS sXfn-

bn-°m≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√. 2003emWv

Cu hgn-°p≈ Xo{h-amb Hcp ]cn-{iaw

XpS-ßn-b-Xv. akvXn-jv°-Øns‚ FMRIkvIm\nw-Kn-eqsS Cu kn≤m¥w sXfn-

bn-°m-sa∂v Kth-j-I¿ Is≠-Øn. C-

Xn-\mbn FMRI hnZ-Kv[\pw akvXnjv°

Kth-j-I-\p-amb FtUz¿Uv lp_m¿-

Up-ambn kl-I-cn-®p≈ ]T-\-Øn\v

Xocp-am-\n-®p. \o≠ \mev h¿jsØ

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ 2007 ¬ B-

Wv hnP-b-I-c-amb Hcp ^ew In´n-b-Xv.

A° ˛ h¿W kn\-kvXo-knb

_m[n-X-\mb Hcm-fn-s\-bmWv ]cn-tim-

[bv°v hnt[-b-\m-°n-b-Xv. akvXn-jv°-

Øns‚ FMRI kvIm\nwKv \S-Øp-∂-

Xn\v At±-lsØ Xøm-dm°n k÷o-

I-c-W-߃ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. At±-l-

Øns‚ apºn¬ IdpØ ajn-bn¬ A-

®-Sn® A°-߃ Hs∂m-∂mbn {]Z¿-

in-∏n-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ akvXnjv°

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s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. F√m kvIm\nwKv Nn{X-

ß-fnepw akvXn-jv°-Ønse kwJym-

tI{μw DtØ-Pn-X-ambtXmsSm∏w sXm-

´-SpØ h¿W-{K-l-W-tI-{μhpw kzbw

DtØ-Pn-X-am-bn. Rmt\m \nßtfm

Cu ]co-£-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-bm¬

akvXn-jv°-Øn¬ \ΩpsS kwJy {K-

lW tI{μw am{Xta DtØ-Pn-X-am-hp-

I-bp≈q.

(Xp-S-cpw)

\ΩpsS t{Ima-tkm-anse Hcp {]tXy-I-Po -\ns‚ \nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ AXn-kq-£va -X-tbmsS \n¿h-ln-t°≠ H∂mWv \mUo-X-¥p-°-fpsS sh´n-sbm-Xp-°epw apdn-®p-am-‰-epw

imkv{X-tI-cfw40 imkv{X-tI-cfw40 imkv{X-tI-cfw40

{]nb kplr-tØ,

imkv{X-tI-cfw amkn-I-sb-

∏‰n \nß-fpsS A`n-{]mbw Adn-

bm≥ R߃ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

Xmsg sImSp-°p∂ tNmZym-h-en-

bpsS DØcw SMS hgn \¬In, Cu

e°-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ \nß-fpsS

A`n-{]mbw Adn-bn-°ptam?

1. \nß-fpsS t]cv.

2. hb- v.

3. \n߃°v G‰hpw CjvS-s∏´ cN-\.

4. G‰hpw BI¿j-I-amb t]Pv.

5. ASp-Ø-e°w imkv{X-tI-c-f-Øn¬ {]Xn-

]m-Zn®p ImWWw F∂v \n߃ B{K-ln-

°p∂ GsX-¶nepw hnjbw Ds≠-¶n¬

AXv.

tNmZytam tNmZy-\-ºtcm {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn¬,

Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂n-√. DØ-c-߃°n-S-bn¬ Hcp

* AS-bmfw ssS∏p sNbvXm¬ aXn-bm-Ipw.

9496228589 F∂ \º-dn-te°mWv SMS Ab-bvt°-

≠-Xv. {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ sasthrakeralam@gmail.comF∂ hnem-k-Øn-te°v C˛-sa-bn¬ Btbm, F-

Un-‰¿, imkv{X-tI-c-fw, Nme-∏pdw ]n.-H., tImgn-

t°mSv˛ 673002 F∂ hnem-k-Øn-te°v X]m-

entem Ab-®mepw aXn.

kvt\l-]q¿hw,

FUn-‰¿

Ah-sf-sb-¶nepw H∂p ImW-

Ww∂v tXm∂zm...''

Ct∏m Xncn-®p-t]m-Ww∂v tXm∂o-

´m-tWmsb∂v tNmZn-®p.

""A√ tamtf. Ah¿s°ms°

Rms\mcp `mcm-bo∂v Dd-∏m-bs∏m

Xs∂bm F√mw Dt]-£n®v Cd-ßn-

b-Xv. Ct∏m I≠mev Ah-cp-sS-

sbms° hnh-c-ß-f-dn-bm-tem-s∂mcp

tXm∂-ev... F√m-hcpw kpJ-am-bn-cn-

°p-∂p-s≠-∂-dn-™mepw aXn... \mep

h¿j-am-bn...''

B IÆp-Iƒ \nd-™p. hm°p-

Iƒ CS-dn.

""A—tΩ hnj-an-°msX

Ah¿s°ms° kpJ-am-bn-cn-°pw...''

Ic-®n¬ hen-®p-ap-dp-°nb Fs‚

sXm≠-bn¬ \n∂pw hm°p-Iƒ ]pd-

tØbv°p hcm≥ {]bm-k-s∏-´p.

km¥z\w \¬Im≥ t]mbn AXv

Int´≠ Ah-ÿ-bmbn R߃°v.

Hcp aWn Ign-™n´pw B¿°pw

hni-∏n-√. F¶nepw Ah¿s°m∏w

DuWp Ign-°m-\n-cp-∂p. ap∂n-

ep≈ ]m{X-Øn¬ `£Ww \nd-

bv°m≥ A[zm-\n® amXm-]n-Xm-°-

sf-bt√ Ah-cpsS hm¿[-Iy-

Øn¬ a\p-jy¿ ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-

Xv...?

Nn¥-bn-em≠v `£Ww

Ign®pXo¿°m≥ Gsd {]bm-k-

s∏-´p.

"]´n-Wn-sIm≠v acn-°p-∂-hsc

Hm¿°q. `£Ww ]mgm-°m-Xn-cn-

°q...' `£-W-im-e-bn¬ ]Xn-®n-cn-

°p∂ t]mÿ.

F\n°v Hcp h‰p-t]mepw

]mgm-°m≥ tXm∂n-bn-√.

lmfn¬ At¥-hm-kn-Isf

NnIn-’n-°p∂ tUmŒ-dpsS ¢mkv

tIƒ°m-\n-cp-∂p. hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn-

se-Øn-b-h-cpsS A\p-`hßfp-

ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p

R߃ tNmZn® kwi-b-ß-sf-

√mw.

hm¿[-Iy-Øn¬ a‰p ico-c-`m-K-

ß-sf-t∏mse Xe-t®m-dn\pw kw`-hn-

°p∂ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ am‰-߃

At±lw hnh-cn-®p. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬

\ΩpsS D‰-h¿°p \¬tI≠ {i≤bpw

NnIn-’bpw Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-

∂Xv icn°pw a\- n¬ X´n.

\Ω-sf√mw Bscms° Bbn-

Øo¿∂mepw hm¿[-Iy-Øn\v Iog-S-

tß≠ Hcp kabw h∂m¬ t\Sn-sb-

SpØ ÿm\-am-\-߃t°m kº-

Ønt\m \ap-°p-th≠n H∂pw sNøm-

\m-hn-s√-∂Xv bmYm¿Yyw. am{X-a√ B

ka-bØv Ip´n-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-

se-bp≈ kvt\lhpw ip{iq-j-bp-amWv

D‰-h¿ Xs∂ \¬tI-≠-sX∂pw

t_m[y-s∏-´p. CsX√mw a‰p-≈-h-cn-

te°v FØn-°m-\p≈ ISa IqSn

Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°p-ap-s≠∂v tUmŒ¿ ]d-

™p.

]e¿°pw Fgp-Xm-\p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v

C{X-am-{Xw...

kvt\l-]q¿hw

\ns‚ teJ.

(22-˛mw t]Pv XpS¿®)

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s^{_p-hcn 2014 41

]Z-{]iv\w t]mÃv Im¿Un¬ I≈n-h-c®v]qcn-∏n-®-b-bv°p-I.

t]cpw ta¬hn-em-khpw Fgp-Xm≥ ad-∂p-t]m-I-cp-tX.

Ah-km\ XnøXn : s^{_p-hcn 28.

Ab-bvt°≠ hnemkw : ]Z-{]iv\w, s^{_p-hcn 2014,imkv{X-tI-cfw, tImgn-t°mSv ˛673 002.

]Z-{]iv\w P\p-hcn 2014 DØcw

s^{_p-hcn˛2014

he-tØm v1. BZyw Ibv°pw ]ns∂ a[p-cn-°pw.

2. an° IW-߃°pw Xpey amkpw hn]-coX Nm¿Pp-

ambn Cßs\ Hcp IW-ap-≠m-Ipw.

4. hS-°≥ BIm-i-Ønse Xnf-°-ta-dnb \£-{Xw.

5. lrZ-bm-h-c-Ww.

6. sImXpIv ]c-Øp∂ Cu tcmKw ]e bpK-ß-fnepw

\n¿Wm-b-I-am-bn-cp-∂p.

9. \¿aZm _Nmthm Btμm-f-\n¬ CsXmcp ka-c-

cq-]-am-bn-cp-∂p.

11. D∏v.

13. i_vZ-߃ ImWpw cq]-߃ tIƒ°pw. Xmtgm v1. (Nn-{Xw)

2. ]I-cw-ho-´¬.

3. ]¥p th≠, _m‰p th≠, s\‰pth-≠, thsd-sbm∂pw

th≠, tIm¿´p-≠m-bm¬ c≠p Soan\v Ifn-°mw.

4. tNmc-\n-d-ap-≈.

7. kzm`m-hn-I-am-b, kz¥-amb Fs∂ms° A¿Yw.

8. IdpØ hmhv.

10. kv{Xo.

12. ImSv.

1 2 3 4

5 7

8

10 11

9

12

6

13

14 15

16 17

aw K ƒ bm ≥ h

tKm b k ss_ \ dn

fn Im ¿ kn t\m ≥

kw Lw A an

P

Nn d b

Uv

B ¬ ^m ¬

{¥w

ln

I e ° Øv ]m em

e bw P \p h cn

1 2 3

4

5

7 8

10

11

9

12

6

13

imkv{X-tI-cfw42

]cn-ÿn-Xn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ]n.-_n.-F≥

Ct°m-fPn ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬

]e-Xcw ]nc-an-Up-Iƒ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m-dp-

≠v. {]Ir-Xn-bnse At\ym-\y-_-‘-ß-

sf-∏-‰nbpw Hmtcm LS-I-ß-fp-sSbpw

Bt]-£nI km∂n-[y-sØ-∏-‰nbpw

Ch kqN-\-\¬Ipw. FÆ-ß-fpsS ]nc-

an-Uv, _tbm-am-kns‚ ]nc-anUv F∂nh

DZmlc-Ww. ]nc-an-Up-I-fpsS hnkvXm-

c-ta-dnb `mKØv D¬∏m-Z-I¿ Bbn-

cn-°pw. Chbv°v apI-fn¬ {]mY-

anI D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ (k-ky-t`m-

Pn-Iƒ) ZznXob D]-t`m-‡m-

°ƒ (B-Zy-L´ amwk-t`m-

Pn-Iƒ) XrXob D]-t`m-

‡m-°ƒ (c-≠mw-L´

amwk-t`m-Pn-Iƒ)

F ∂ n - ß s \ -

bmWv hn\ym-

kw. `£y-

irw-J-e-

Cc-]n-Sn-b-∑m-cpsS hneI-fpsS Ah-km-\-L-´-Øn-ep≈ Cc-]n-

Sn-b-∑m-cm-bn-cn°pw ]nc-an-Up-I-fpsS

apI-f-‰-Øp-≠m-hp-I. CØcw apI-f‰

Cc-]n-Sn-b-∑m¿ an°Xpw C∂v \mi-

Øns‚ ]mX-bn-em-Wv. ]e-Xn-s‚bpw

km{am -Py -ß-fpsS AXn¿Øn-Iƒ

h√msX Npcp -ßn -t∏m-bn -cn -°-∂p.

amwk-t`m-Pn-I-fpsS FÆ-Ønepw kzm-

[o-\-ta-J-e-I-fnepw hcp∂ am‰w {]Ir-

Xn-kw-c-£W {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf Fßn-

s\ _m[n-°p∂p F∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n Hcp

]T\w "kb≥kv' F∂ tP¿W-en¬

{]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. hneyw dn∏nƒ (Hm-

dn-tKm¨ tÉv k¿h-I-em-im-e) t\-

XrXzw \¬Ip∂ kwL-amWv ]T\w

\S-Øn-b-Xv. Bkvt{S-en-b, C‰-en,

kzoU≥ XpS-ßnb cmPy-ß-

fnse hnZ-Kv[¿ CXn¬ kl-

I-cn-®p.

hnhn[ Bhm-k-

hy-h-ÿ-I-fn¬ \n-

∂v sXc -s™-

SpØ 31 hen-

b amwk-

t`m-Pn-I-

B{^n-°≥ knwlw

s^{_p-hcn 2014 43

sf-bmWv ]T-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°n-b-

Xv. CXn¬ 75 iX-am-\hpw FÆ-Øn¬

Ipd-™p-h-cp-∂-Xmbn°≠p. 17 amwk-

t`m-Pn-I-fpsS kzm[o-\-ta-J-e-I-epsS

hnkvXo¿Ww Ign™ GXm\pw Zi-I-

߃°p-≈n¬ ]Ip-Xn-bmbn Ipd-™p.

hnI-knX taJ-e-I-fmb ]Sn-™m-d≥

bqtdm-∏v, Ing-°≥ bp.-Fkv F∂n-hn-S-

ß-fn¬ henb Cc-]n-Sn-b-∑m¿ GXm≠v

]q¿W-ambpw C√m-Xm-b-Xmbpw I≠p.

""\Ωƒ Ah-bpsS ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-c-

amb {]m[m\yw \∂mbn a\- n-em-°n-

h-cp-tºm-tgbv°pw Ah C√m-Xm-hm≥

XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.'' F∂mWv Kth-j-

I¿ Cu Ah-ÿsb hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv.

Cu 31 Cc-]n-Sn-b∑mcn¬ Ggv {]-

[m\ kv]ojn-kpIsf Kth-j-I¿ {]-

tXy-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-®p. Chsb kw-

_-‘n®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn® hnh-c-ß-sf-

√mw Ah¿ t{ImUo-I-cn-®p. B{^n-°≥

knwlw, B{^n-°≥ ]pen, bqtdm-]y≥

enMvkv, IuKm¿, Nmc sN∂m-bv°ƒ,

IS¬ \o¿\m-bv, UnwtKm F∂n-h-bmWv

Cu Gsg-Æw. Xß-fpsS Bhm-k-ß-

fn¬ h√mØ kzm[o\w {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-

∂-h-bmWv Cu amwk-t`m-Pn-Iƒ.

hSt° Ata-cn-°-bnse {]ikvX-

amb sbt√mtÃm¨ tZiob DZym-\-

Øn¬ \S-Ønb ]T-\-Øn¬ ImSp-I-

fpw ]pg-tbm-csØ kky-ßfpw \ne-

\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw \in® mK-߃ ]p\-

cp-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw IuKm-dn\pw sN-

∂m-bv°ƒ°pw henb ]¶p-≈-Xmbn

Is≠-Øn. Ch FÆ-Øn¬ Ipd-

™m¬ am\p-Iƒ, F¬Iv F∂o k-

ky-t`m-Pn-Iƒ A\n-b-{¥n-X-ambn s]-

cpIn {]Ir-Xnsb \in-∏n-°pw. kkym-

hcWw Ipd-bp-tºmƒ ]£n-Ifpw sN-

dp kkvX-\n-Ifpw a‰v `mK-ß-fn-te°v

t]mIm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-hpw.

bqtdm-]y≥ enMvkv, UnwtKm, knw-

l-߃, IS¬ \o¿\m-bv°ƒ F∂n-

hbpw Xß-fpsS Bhm-k-ta-J-e-I-

fn¬ B[n-]-Xy-kz-`mhw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-

∂p. Ch-bpsS \miw am‰-ß-fpsS XpS¿

Ne-\-߃ Xs∂ kr„n-°pw. kzm`m-

hnI {]Ir-Xn-bpsS A[x-]-X-\-Øn-

emWv Ah-km\w FØn-\n¬°p-I.

B{^n-°-bn¬ as‰mcp sNbn≥

dnbmIvj≥ BWv \nco-£n-®-Xv. knw-

l-ßfpw ]pen-Ifpw h√msX Ipd™

`mK-ß-fn¬ Heohv _m_q-W-Iƒ

h√msX IqSn. Im¿jnI hnf-Iƒ \in-

∏n®pw hf¿Øp arK-ßsf B{I-an®pw

_m_q-W-Iƒ \miw-hn-X-®p.

enMvkv F∂ Cc-]n-S-b-∑m-cpsS

Ipdhv tdm am≥ Nph∂ Ipdp-°≥, ap-

B{^n-°≥ ]pen bqtdm-]y≥ enMvkv

IuKm¿

imkv{X-tI-cfw44

b¬ F∂n-h-bpsS h¿[-\-hn\pw ]cn-

ÿn-Xn-\m-i-Øn\pw CS-bm-°n-b-Xmbn

\nco-£n-®p.

Bkvt{X-en-b-bn¬ 3400 ssa¬

\of-Øn¬ UnwtKm-{]q^v then \n¿an-

®n-´p-≠v. CXv ]T-\sØ h√msX k-

lm-bn-®p. UnwtKm C√mØ Bhm-k-

hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw D≈ Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-

Ifpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXmWv ]T\w \S-

Øn-b-Xv. c≠m-a-tØ-Xn¬ kzm`m-hn-IX

IqSp-X¬ {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p.

sX°≥ Aem-kvI-bn¬ \o¿\m-

bv°ƒ Ipd-™Xv IS¬Po-hn-XsØ

kmc-ambn _m[n-®p. In√¿ Xnanw-K-e-

ß-fmWv \o¿\m-bv°sf sIms∂m-Sp-

°n-b-Xv. \o¿\m-bv°-fpsS kzm`m-hnI

`£Ww IS¬ A¿®n-\p-I-fm-Wv. IS¬

A¿®n-\p-Iƒ sI¬]v ImSp-I-fnse

kky-߃ Blm-c-am-°p-∂p. \o¿\m-

i–-a-en-\o-I-c-Whpw]£n-Ifpw

bv°-fpsS \miw A¿®n-\p-Iƒ h¿[n-

°m\pw sI¬]v ImSp-Iƒ F∂ A]q¿-

h Bhm-k-hy-hÿ \in-°p-∂-Xn\pw

Imc-W-am-hp-∂-Xmbn Is≠-Øn.

Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-I-fn¬ henb amw-

k-t`m-Pn-I-fpsS kzm[o-\-sØ-∏‰n Bg-

Øn¬ ]T\w \S-tØ-≠-Xp-s≠∂v

Kth-j-I¿ ]d-bp-∂p. Ign™ \q‰m-

≠n¬ B¬tUm -en-tbm-t]mƒUv \S-

Ønb ]T-\-߃ CXn\v am¿K-Z¿i-I-

am-th-≠-Xm-Wv. Im¿_¨ ]nSn-®p-

\n¿Ø¬, \Zo-Xo-c-kw-c-£-Ww, tcmK-

\n-b-{¥-Ww, ssPh-ssh-hn[y kwc-

£Ww F∂n-h-tbbpw Cc-]n-Sn-b-∑m¿

kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p.

Cu cwKØv Nne ]co-£-W-߃

\S-∂Xpw Kth-j-I¿ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-

∂p. sbt√m-tÃm¨ \mj-\¬ ]m¿-

°n¬ sN∂mbv°sf F√mw sIms∂m-

Sp-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ChnsS sN∂m-bv°sf

ho≠pw sIm≠p-hn-´-t∏mƒ KpW-]-c-

amb \nc-h[n am‰-ß-fp-≠m-bn. kkym-

h-cWw \„-s∏´ `mK-ß-fn¬ `mKn-I-

ambn ]pXnb Bh-c-W-߃ {]Xy-£-

s∏-´p. asÆm-en∏v D≠mb CS-ß-fn¬

]gb Ah-ÿ-bn-se-ØpI GXm≠v

Akm-[y-am-sW∂v hy‡-am-bn. CtX-

t]mse Cc-]n-Sn-b-∑m¿ \in® ^n≥-

em‚n¬ enMvkvIsf ho≠pw FØn-

®pw ]T-\-߃ \S-∂p. Chn-sSbpw KpW-

]-c-amb am‰-߃ D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p-∂p.

""kwc-£W {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS

{][m\ {]iv\w Chsb (C-c-]n-Sn-b-

∑m-sc) a\p-jy-sc-s°m≠v AwKo-I-cn-

∏n-°-em-Wv. CtXm-sSm∏w Ah \¬-

Ip∂ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-chpw kmº-Øn-I-

hp-amb tkh-\-ßfpw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww.''

Kth-j-I¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

]pXp-Xmbn tdmUp-Iƒ D≠m-hp-∂Xv hnI-k-\-ambn°mWm-\mWv F√m-

h¿°pw C„w. ]t£ h\-ta-J-e-Ifnepw ]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿_e {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw

tdmUp-I-fp-≠m-hp-∂Xv {]Ir-Xn-\-io-I-cWw hfsc thK-Øn-em°pw F∂pw

ssPh-ssh-hn-[ysØ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n°pw F∂pw ]T-\-ß-fn¬ Is≠-

Øn-bn-´p-≠v. tIc-f-Øns‚ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ CXv hfsc {]k-‡-am-Wv. tdmUp-

Iƒ hml-\-ßfpw i–-a-en-\o-I-c-Whpw sIm≠p-h-cpw. im¥-amb {]IrXn

UnwtKm Nmc sN∂m-bv

]cn-ÿn-Xn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ

s^{_p-hcn 2014 45

F∂ k¶¬∏w Xs∂ tdmUp-Iƒ hcp-

∂-tXmsS C√m-Xm-hpw. Ata-cn-°-bn¬

\S∂ Hcp ]T-\-Øn¬ tZim-S-\-]-£n-

Isf tdmUp-I-fnse i–w AI-‰p-∂-

Xmbn sXfn-bn-°-s∏-´p.

tdmUp-Iƒ°-Sp-Øp≈ `mK-ß-

fn¬ ]£n-I-fpsS FÆw kao-]-{]-tZ-

i-ß-fn-te-°mƒ Ipd-hm-sW∂v t\c-

sØ-Xs∂ \nco-£n-°-s∏-´n -cp -∂p.

tdmUp-I-fn¬ i–w am{X-a-√t√m D≈-

Xv. cmk-a-en-\o-I-c-Ww, A]-I-Skm-[y-

X, ImgvN-°p-≠m-hp∂ {]bm-k-߃

Cßns\ a‰v {]iv\-߃ IqSn-bp-≠m-

hp-a-t√m. a‰p LS-I-߃ Hgn-hm°n

{Sm^nIv i–sØ am{Xw H‰bv°v ]cn-

tim-[n-°p∂ ]co-£-W-߃ Kth-j-

I¿ Bhn-jv°-cn-®p. t_mbvkv (Boise)tÉv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse Kth-j-I-

cmWv ]co-£-W-߃ \S-Øn-b-Xv.

bYm¿Y tdmUn\v ]Icw Hcp km-

¶¬∏nI tdmUv (phantom road) Kth-

j-I¿ kr„n-s®-Sp-Øp. CUmtlm kw-

ÿm-\-Ønse e°n-]o°v F∂ `mK-

amWv ]T-\-߃°mbn sXc-s™-Sp-

Ø-Xv. ]co-£-W-ÿ-eØv Hcp tdmUv

am¿°v sNbvXp, ac-ß-fn¬ euUvkv]o-

°-dp-Iƒ LSn-∏n®v tdmUp-I-fn-ep-≠m-

hp∂ i–w AtX Xo{h-X-bn¬ tIƒ-

∏n-®p. tZim-S-\-]-£n-Iƒ [mcmfw hcp-

∂ icXv (autumn) Ime-ØmWv ]T\w

\S-Øn-b-Xv. XpS¿®-bmbn \mev Znh-

kw i–w tIƒ∏n-®-tijw ASpØ

\mep Znh-k-ß-fn¬ kv]o°-dp-Iƒ

Hm^v sNbvXp. ]co-£Ww IqSp-X¬ imkv{Xo-b-am-°m≥

kam-\-kz-`m-h-ap≈ as‰mcp ÿew "I¨t{Smƒ' Bbn

FSpØv \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. i–-ap≈ Znh-k-ß-

fn¬ C√mØ Znh-k-ßsf At]-£n®v \men-sem∂p

]£n-Iƒ Ipd-hm-sW∂v ]T-\-߃ ImWn-®p. Nne

kv]ojn-kp-Iƒ i–ap≈ `mK-ßsf ]q¿W-ambpw Hgn-

hm-°n. I¨t{Smƒ {]tZ-isØ km¶¬∏nI tdmUn¬

CØcw hyXym-k-ß-sfm∂pw ImWm≥ Ign-™n-√.

{Sm^nIv i–-ß-fmWv ]£n-Isf tdmUn¬ \n∂-I-‰n-b-

sX∂v Cu ]co-£-W-߃ sXfn-bn-®p.

]£n-I-fpsS kwc-£-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ πm≥sN-øp-

tºmgpw Bhm-k-ÿ-e-ßfpw ]m¿°p-Ifpw amt\-Pp-sN-

øp-tºmgpw Cu ]T-\-Ønse \nK-a-\-߃ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-

Sp-sa∂v Kth-j-I¿ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. �

i–-ap≈ Znh-k-ß-fn¬C√mØ Znh-k-ßsf At]-£n®v

\men-sem∂p ]£n-Iƒ Ipd-hm-sW∂v ]T-\-߃ ImWn-®p.

Nne kv]ojn-kp-Iƒ i–ap≈`mK-ßsf ]q¿W-ambpw Hgn-hm-°n.

imkv{X-tI-cfw46 imkv{X-tI-cfw46

]n B¿ N{μ-tam-l≥

C¥y-bpsS Pn.-F-kv.-F¬.hn Un 5]co-£Ww ]q¿WhnPbw

‰¿ hyXn-bm-\hpw {Itbm-P-\nIv F©ns‚ {]h¿Ø-

\-Ir-XyX kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. djy-bp-ambn {Itbm

F©ns‚ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybv°pw F≥Pn-\p-Iƒ

hmßm-\p-ambn Icm¿ D≠m-°n-sb-¶nepw Ata-cn°

djysb oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-\m¬ kmº-Øn-I-ambn

XI¿∂ djybv°v Icm-dn¬ \n∂v ]n≥hm-tß-≠n-h-

∂p. djy Xs∂ 7 F©n≥ D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-Ønb

]co-£-W-ß-fn¬ NneXv ]cm-P-b-s∏- p. a‰p am¿K-߃

C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ kz¥-ambn {Itbm-P-\nIv F©n≥

\n¿an-°m≥ C¥y {iaw XpS-ßn-bXv. 20 h¿jsØ

ITn\ {]b-Xv\-߃°v Ah-km\w hnPbw I≠p.

kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn hfsc {]bm-k-ap≈ A\-h[n IS-

º-Iƒ IS-∂mWv C¥y Cu hnZy ssIh-i-ap≈ Bdm-

asØ cmPy-am-bXv. C¥ybv°v ]pdta Ata-cn-°,

djy, bqtdm]y≥ kvt]kv GP≥kn, P∏m≥, ssN\

F∂o cmPy-߃ Cu hnZy Ic-ÿ-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

hf-sc-b-[nIw XWp-∏n®, ]qPy-Øn\p Xmsg 1830cbn¬ {ZmhI HmIvkn-P\pw ]qPy-Øn\p Xmsg 2530c

C¥y-bpsS kz]v\-]-≤Xn kz¥-ambn \n¿an®

{Itbm-P-\nIv F©n-\p-ambn Pn.-F-kv.-F¬.hn Un

5 tdm°‰v 1982 Intem{Kmw `mc-ap≈ Pnkm‰v 14 D]-

{K-lsØ 17 an\n‰v t\csØ {]h¿Ø-\-^-e-ambn

175 x 35445 Intemao‰¿ {`a-W-]-Y-Øn¬ FØn-®p.

H´msI 17 an\p-´n¬ 12 an\p´pw {Itbm-P-\nIv

F©n≥ BWv {]h¿Øn-®-Xv. `qan-bn¬ \n∂v Ipd-

™-Zqcw 180 Intem-ao-‰¿ F∂Xv 179 Intem-ao-‰¿

Bbpw IqSnb Zqc-Øn¬ shdpw AºXv Intem-ao-

s^{_p-hcn 2014 47

]pXnbkutc-Xc {Kl-߃tI{μ \£-{X-Øns‚ apºn-eqsS IS-

∂p-t]m-Ip∂ `ua-k-am\ ]nfi-ap≈ BZy-

{Klw 200 {]Im-i-h¿jw AIse ebd KW-

Øn¬ Is≠-Øn. lm¿hm¿Uv bqWn-th-gvkn-

‰n-bnse kvantØm-Wn-b≥ sk‚-dnse \nco-

£-I-cmWv KOL-314 C F∂ \º-dn¬ Adn-b-

s∏-Sp∂ {Klw Is≠-Øn-bXv. CtX \£-

{X-Øn\p Np‰pw as‰mcp {Klw IqSn D≈-Xn-

\m-emWv CXns‚ ]nfiw qan-tbmSv Xmc-Xayw

sNbvXp Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Bb-Xv. CXns‚

hymkw qan-bp-tS-Xn-t\-°mƒ 60 iX-am\w Iq-

Sp-X-em-Wv. CXn\p hfsc km{μX IqSnb hm-

XI A¥-co£w D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. CXns‚ Xm-

]-\ne 1050c Bb-Xn-\m¬ Pohs‚ km[yX

C√. c≠m-asØ {Klw KOL-314 B hep-∏-

Øn¬ `ua-k-am-\-am-sW-¶nepw ]nfiw \mev

aSßv IqSp-X-em-Wv.

KOL.314B tI{μ \£-{XsØ 13 Znh-k-

Øn-emWv ]cn-{I-aWw sNøp-∂-Xv. 2013 ¬

Is≠Øn Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ønb kutc-Xc {Kl-

߃ 180 BWv. CtXmsS H´msI Dd-∏m-°nb

kutc-Xc {Kl-ß-fpsS kwJy 1000 Bbn.

2013¬ Is≠-Ønb khn-ti-j-X-bp≈

Nne kutc-Xc {Kl-០sI㨠78 _n hep-

∏-Ønepw ]nfi-Ønepw D≈-S-°-Ønepw

`qan-tbmSv kmay-ap-s≠-¶nepw tI{μ \£-{X-

Øn-t\mSv hfsc ASp-Øm-b-Xn-\m¬ ]cn-{I-

aW kabw 8.5 aWn-°q-dmWv. Xm]-\ne

20000c BWv.

F®v.B¿ 8799 knPemwiw D≈ {Klw

A¥-co-£-Øn¬ aotY≥ Xosc C√. AXn-\m¬

Poh≥ D≠m-hm≥ km[yX C√. F¶nepw A¥-co-£-

Øn¬ Pehpw Im¿_¨ tamtWm-IvsskUpw Is≠-

Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

tI{μ-\-£-{X-an-√mØ {KlwPSO J 3185-22 tI{μ-\-£-{X-an-√msX _ln-cm-Im-

i-Øn¬ e£y-an-√msX Ae-bp∂ {Klw hymg-Øns‚

Bdv aSßv ]nfiw.

sIπ¿ 7 _n Ct∂-hsc Is≠-Øn-bXn¬ G‰hpw sNdnb

{Klw 3600 Intem-ao-‰¿ hymkw qan-bpsS 30 iX-am\w

am{Xw hep-∏w.

bn¬ {ZmhI ssl{U-P\pw BWv CXnse C‘-\w.

Chbv°p th≠ S¿t_m ]m\-ep-Iƒ 5000c bnepw 40,000

B¿.-]n.Fw kv]oUnepw BWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.

CXn\p th≠ Sm¶p-Ifpw ]ºp-Ifpw Ipg-ep-Ifpw \n¿an®v

B¿°pw C¥y-bn¬ ap≥]-cn-Nbw C√.

P\p-hcn 5\v {`a-W-]-Y-Øn¬ FØn® Pn.-km‰v

14s\ AXnse enIznUv At]mPn tamt´m¿ ]e XhW

{]h¿Øn-∏n®v P\p-hcn 9\v 35462 Intem-ao-‰¿ x 35741Intem-ao-‰¿ ]Y-Øn-te°v FØn-®n-´p-≠v. D]-{Klw

hnt£-]n-®-t∏mƒ 1982 Intem-{Kmw `mc-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

D]-{K-l-Øns‚ am{Xw `mcw 851 Intem{Kmw BWv D]-

{K-l-Øn¬ hm¿Øm-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ 6

Kuband {Sm≥kvt]m-≠-dp-Ifpw 6 FIvÂUv kn _m‚ v

{Sm≥kvt]m≠dp-Ifpw C¥y apgp-h≥ {]h¿Ø-\-]-cn[n

D≠m-hpw. Ch IqSmsX 2 Im _m‚ v {Sm≥kvt]m-≠-dp-

Iƒ Imem-hÿ {]h-N-\-Øn-\p-]-tbm-K-am-b-hbpw

D≠v. 12 h¿j-amWv CXns‚ {]h¿Ø\ Imem-h[n.

CXnse c≠p tkmfm¿ ]m\-ep -Iƒ 2600 hm´v

sshZypXn D≠m-°pw.

imkv{X-tI-cfw48

{Kl-\ne 15 ˛02˛ 2014 8 PM, Lat. 10o.301 N Long. 76o.151 E

_p[≥ 21h.551.0211 -80.551.4311 -22.090 264.440 2.64 0.64737 6.47 AM 6.30 PM aIcw cmin-bn¬

ip{I≥ 19h.121.3311 -160.271.1111 -61.26o 254.400 -4.6 0.41480 4.09 AM 3.43 PM [\p cmin-bn¬

sNmΔ 13h.401.5211 -70.391.4011 -36.840 91.93o -0.1 .92074 10.30 AM 10.20 AM I∂n cminbn¬

hymgw 06h.481.0011 +23.11.4411 +64.73o 56.31o -2.5 4.47206 03.14 PM 3.51 AM anYp\w cminbn¬

i\n 15h.181.5511 -160.011.1111 -84.14o 189.63o +0.6 10.27873 02.18 AM 01.53 PM Xpemw cminbn¬

bpdm-\kv 00h.371.5811 +030.221.2011 +20.49o 269.78o +5.9 20.73751 09.20 AM 09.23 PM ao\w cmin-bn¬

s\]vSyq¨ 22h.27 1.2611 -100.23 1.2111 -13.88o 261.71o +8.0 30.95695 7.20 AM 7.03 PM Ipw`w cminbn¬

Nm¿´n¬{KlßsfkqNn∏n°p∂ {]XoIw

{Klw ssd‰vAk≥j≥

sU¢nt\j≥ Bƒ n‰yqUv AknaØv Im¥nam\w `qan-bn¬\n∂vZqcw. (AU)

AkvXa\kabw cminÿm\w DZb

kabw

amk-hn-ti-j-߃

s^{_p-hcn 4 : _p[≥ kqcy\v G‰hpw ASp-Øv.

s^{_p-hcn 14 : shfp-Ø-hmhv

s^{_p-hcn 20 : N{μ\pw sNmΔbpw ASp-Øp-h-cp-∂p.

s^{_p-hcn 21 : i\nbpw N{μ\pw ASp-Øp-h-cp-∂p.

BIm-i-Kw-K-bn¬\n∂v]pd-tØbv°v sXdn-°p∂

\£-{X-߃BIm-i-Kw-K-bpsS i‡n-bmb Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-W-

Øn¬ \n∂pw AXn-th-K-Øn¬ ]pd-tØbv°v \oßp-

∂ ]pXnb \£-{X-ßsf Is≠-Øn-b-Xmbn Ata-cn-

°≥ Akvt{Sm-W-an-°¬ skmssk-‰n-bpsS tbmK-

Øn¬ Adn-bn-®p. Cu (hyper velocity) AXn-thK

\£-{X-߃°v BIm-i-Kw-K-bpsS Ne-\-Øn-t\-°mƒ

Hcp Zi-e£w ssa¬ thKX D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

40 e£w kuc-]n-fi-ap≈ Hcp `oa≥ Xtam-

K¿Øw BIm-i-Kw-K-bpsS tI{μ-Øn¬ D≠v. CXp

\£-{X-ßsf ]pd-tØbv°v X≈n-hn-Sm≥ {]m]vXn

D≈-Xm-Wv. ]t£ Ct∏mƒ Is≠-Ønb \£-{X-ß-

fpsS Dd-hnSw KmeIvkn tI{μ-a√ F∂v Is≠-Øn-

bn-´p-≠v. At∏mƒ Chsb ]pd-tØbv°v X≈n hnSp-

∂Xv at‰-sX-¶nepw i‡n-bm-Wv.

Cc´ \£-{X-߃ H∂v Xtam-K¿Ø-Øn¬ ]Xn-

°p-tºmƒ AXns‚ Iq´p-Im-cs\ Xtam-K¿Øw ]pd-

tØbv°v X≈n-hn-Sp-∂Xv km[m-c-W-bm-Wv. CØcw

18 `oa≥ \oe \£-{X-ßsf apºv Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

�

\£-{X- \n-co-£Ww Cu amksØ BImiw 8pm, 15-02-2014

Nc\£{Xw

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tcmlnWn

andm

ko‰kv

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s^{_p-hcn 2014 49

]qcwD{Xw

k]vX¿jn-Iƒ

Volume 35 issue no 26 Sasthrakeralam February 2014 52 pages.Printed and Published by V.V.Sreenivasan, on behalf of Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad.

Printed at Geethanjali Web Offset, Kundayithode, Kolathara P.O, Calicut.and published from Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 673002. Ph: 0495-2701919

Editor: Dr. Balakrishnan Cherooppa Approved by CSIR for financial support.

Bibw: ]n. kp\n¬tZhv Nn{Xo-I-cWw: cmPohv F≥.Sn

cmPy-k- mw-K-ß-fpsSImem-h[n Bdp sIm√-am-Wv, AsXmcp ÿncw

k -bp-am-Wv.

AtX-b-t√m. cmPy-k- mw-K-߃Hcp-an®v ]ncn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂n-√.c≠p sIm√w IqSp-tºmƒaq∂n-sem∂v t]¿ ]ncn-™p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw ]pXnb AwK-߃tNcp-I-bp-amWv sNøp-I.

AsX-\n-°-dn-bmw.C∏-cn-]mSn XpS-ßn-b-sX-

ßs\ F∂mWv]nSn-In- m-Ø-Xv.

1952¬ k` cq]o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂

AwK-߃ 1958¬ Hcp-an®v ]ncn-™vt]m-tI-≠n-

bn-cp-∂nt√ F∂t√?

AXp-X-s∂.

BZysØ AwK-ß-fn¬ aq∂n-sem∂vt]¿°p-hoXw 2, 4, 6h¿jw hoX-am-bn-cp∂p Imem-h[n\n›-bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

tkm knw]nƒ?bm.

t]msI-t∏msI

s]mena Ipd -

™p -h -c n -I -bm -

sW-¶nepw sSw-

]nƒ S´n¬ [qa-

tI-Xp-hns‚ sN-

dp -ti-jn -∏p -Iƒ

F√m-sIm-√hpw

\hw-_-dn¬ \b-

\m-\-μ-I-c -amb

BImi°m-g vN-

sbm-cp-°m-dp-≠v.

entbm \£-{X-

°q-´-Øn-\-Sp-Øp-

\n∂v hcp-∂-Xp-

t]mse ImW-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬

Cu sa‰-tdm-bn-

Up-Iƒ entbm-\n-

Up-Iƒ F∂pw

Cu kpμc Zr -

iyw entbm-\nUv

ag F∂pw BWv

Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

hSt° Ata-cn -

° -°m¿°mWv

Cu Zriyw \∂m-

bn Bkz-Zn-°m-

\m-hp-I. 1833 ¬

Zriy-amb entbm-

\nUv ag-bpsS Nn-

{Xo-I-cWw.