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Case Presentation
1.3.2002
SINGLETON HOSPITAL
HistoryGP referral RE visual loss R 9/6 L6/6
?RP
16.11.01• 54yr old myopic Caucasian male • 2/7 distorted vision
• POH Myope since childhood• PMHunremarkable
16.11.01
• No medical Treatment
• Penicillin Allergy
• FH Mother had cataract
16.11.01
• VA R 6/6 L 6/5
• Near R N/10 L N/5
(distorted)
• Normal Anterior Segment
• Posterior segment– lytic lesions, distributed in peripapillary – foveal fluid & marginal hg
16.11.01
• DD– Old /new CSCR– central CNVM 2 to ?POHS
• FFA on 28.11.01
Differential Diagnosis
• Myopic degeneration
• MIC (multifocal inner choroidopathy)
• PIC (punctate inner choroidopathy)
• POHS (Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome)
• Idiopathic CNVM
Differential Diagnosis
• Birdshot Chorioretinopathy
• APMPPE (acute posterior multiple placoid pigment epitheliopathy)
MIC
• Age: 20 - 50 yrs
• F:M 3:1
• Young healthy moderately myope
• C/O– Subacute blurred vision– Floaters
MIC
Examination• 50% - AAU• Vitritis + multiple grey -white/ yellow lesions at RPE/
inner choroid• New lesions & recurrences occur
Prognosis Fair– Visual loss: CMO/CNVM
Treatment– Periocular steroid
PIC
• Young healthy myope
• Commoner in female
• Unknown etiology
• C/O– acute decreased VA/ central Scotoma
PIC• Exam
– Quiet Anterior segment– Multiple white/yellow lesion in peripapillary region/ fovea in
RPE/IC level +/- serous elevation of NSR– No vitritis– 1/3 rd develop CNVM
• Prognosis Good• Treatment Controversial
– Steroid– Submacular surgery
POHS
• Endemic area of Ohio-Missisipi river valley
• Exam– Histo spots
• atrophic punched out lesions around the disc
• maculopathy : pigment ring with overlying NSR det.
• Maculopathy develops in 2nd decade
• NO vitritis
POHS
• Treatment– early stages: steroids– CNVM: Photocoagulation/ Submacular sx
• Prognosis Variable– Without treatment 59% with VA worse than 6/60– Histo spots in macular area 25% chance of attack
over next 3yrs– No spots in macular area 2% chance of attack
Birdshot chorioretinopathy
• Uncommon
• F>M past 4th decade
• HLA- A29 (50-80%)
• C/O– Reduced VA, nyctalopia– Colour VA disturbed
Birdshot chorioretinopathy
• Exam– Minimal/No Anterior segment inflamm– Cream coloured depigmented spots throughout
fundus (birdshot from a shotgun)– attenuated & sheathed vessel, disc oedema, OA– CMO– Reduced ERG
• Treatment– Periocular / systemic steroids
APMPPE
• Young adults• F:M 1:1• Assoc. HLA DR2 & HLA B7
• C/O– Unilateral visual loss– prodromal flu-like symptomps 50%– few has CNS vasculitis
APMPPE
• Exam– Deep placoid cream-coloured lesions Post-
equatorally– Vascular sheathing / Disc oedema– Tends to affect One eye few days before the
other eye is affected
• Prognosis Generally Good
• Treatment None effective
30.11.01
• Review
• Noticed improvement
• RVA 6/5 LVA 6/4
• Diag: CSCR
• review 5/52
11.1.02
• Sudden loss of VA 2/52
• RVA 6/18 LVA 6/5
• -4.0/-1.5x90 -3.75/-1.25x105
• FFA
15.1.02
• PIC
• MIC
• Idiopathic CNVM
• Oral pred 40 mg od
• f/u 3/52
5.2.02
• No change in VA
• Distortion gone
• Developed Diabetes
A.Acute White spots Vanishing later on
• MEWDS
• Cat-scratch disease
• AIDS Microangiopathy
• CW spots
• Acute Vitelliform maculopathy
B. Acute white spots with coalescence & diffuse scarring
• APMPPE
• Serpiginous choroiditis
• Herpes Retinitis
C. Acute white spots becoming white scars with variable
pigmentation• Multifocal choroiditis - classical form
– a) PIC– b) Difuse subretinal fibrosis
• Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
• Tuberculous chorioretinitis
• Syphilitic chorioretinitis
• Lyme disease
C. Acute white spots becoming white scars with variable
pigmentation• Sarcoidosis
• Sympathetic Ophthalmia
• VKH
• Bacterial retinochoroiditis
• Fungal retinochoroiditis
• Pneumocystis carinii choroiditis
D. Late white spots with or without initial orange spots
• Birdshot choroidopathy