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Architectural Drafting
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By: Ryan RudeEDCI 270 SP 08
Audience7-8th gradersAny type of studentsIn a middle class rural communityIntroduction to drafting in architecture - meant
for students that have not taken a drafting class and have an interest in architecture.
EnvironmentStudents will work individuallyA computer will be provided for each studentA paper to write the lettering assignment on
ObjectiveGiven a PowerPoint the students will be able
to identify tools used in architecture, explain differences between line standards, and compose correct lettering techniques at a 60% accuracy.
OrientationPrevious
Students have learned the basic definitions in architecture and know what architecture is
PresentWill learn about tools, lines and lettering
FutureTake previous info to start drawing basic
homes
Indiana Technology StandardsStandard 1 – Understand how technology can
improve, manage, and help-control natural and man-made environments
Standard 6 – Identify societal and personal needs and opportunities that can be addressed through technology
Indiana Technology StandardsStandard 8 – Evaluate and select appropriate
solutions that address technological needs and opportunities
Standard 11 – Select the appropriate resources needed to produce and operate communication, construction, manufacturing, transportation, and other technological systems and artifacts
Indiana Technology StandardsStandard 12 – Select the appropriate
processes needed to produce or operate products, structures, and systems
Standard 14 – Appropriately operate technological devices and systems.
Introduction to Architectural Drafting
DirectionsYou are hired by a local group to design a house, but wait you don’t remember anything. This will be a two part crash course that will teach you everything you need to know to design a house. At the end there will a quiz you need to take.
Main MenuHow to use this
program
Architectural Tools LetteringLine Standards
Quiz
Once you start the quiz you will not be able to access other parts
How to Use This ProgramClick To go to
X
Next
Previous slide
Next slide
Main Menu
Last slide viewed
Next part of the slide
End the program
Not all of the buttons will be activated on each slide. Click the Main Menu button to start the program.
Architectural Tools
This section will cover the basic tools that would be used when drafting by hand. And yes hand drawings are still used even in this day and age.
PencilTwo types used:
WoodMechanical
Mechanicals are more commonly used by architects
They allow for hardness to be changed
ErasersErasers remove lines on the drawing• Use a separate one that doesn’t leave a trail• White erasers work well• Click for a few examples
A white eraser
Erasers ShieldsShields prevent people
from erasing important lines
Always use this when you can
As you can see it has a wide range of functions
PaperStandard sizes for architects vary below is a
list of the sizesA size is 9”x12”B size is 12”x18” (used in class)C size is 18”x24”D size is 24”x36”E size is 36”x48”
Triangles
These allow for quick lines to be drawn at common angles
30-60-90 Triangle 45-45-90 Triangle
ProtractorsMeasures angles through
180°Most can measure to ½ a
degreeSpecialized ones can
measure to 1/100 of a degree
Next
Center Point used to keep the protractor stationary
Angles go both directions
Architect ScaleThese help to make
larger drawings fit on a smaller pages
Sizes are based upon 12 divisions per foot
A 16 scale is what you normally use for measuring
CompassUsed to draw circles or
archesMost commonly used to
draw the swing of a doorKeep the lead sharp for
better lines
Next
Lead
Point – keeps the compass still
Adjusts the arch distance
Review: What is the dimensions of a B size Architectural paper?
12”x18”
24”x36”
9”x12”
A
B
C Use the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer
Review: What would allow you to draw a line at 42°?
Compass
Architect Scale
Protractor
A
B
C Use the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer
Click home to go start the next section
Line Standards
This section will cover the different types of lines that will be used in architectural drawings.
Border LinesThese heavy lines show the boundary of the
drawing
Next
Object LineThese are dark lines
that represent important objects
Generally portray walls, steps, fireplaces, doors, etc.
This type line will be used throughout most of the architectural drawings Click the picture to enlargeThe lines that make up the
walls are considered object lines. Note the difference from the border lines.
Hidden LinesShows edges that are
covered by object linesExample would be to
show two sets of cabinets in a kitchen (picture)
Center LinesIdentifies the center of
a symmetrical objectsUsually seen with
circles and archesTypically these lines
are not used in architectural drawings
Dimension LinesTell the size and location of the objectClarity is always clear for dimensionsMake sure to include units
Next
As you can see the dimensions tell you were the walls are located as well as how long each wall section is.
Next
Construction LinesHelp draw the
object before the final version
These are very light lines and should not be seen or on the final drawing
Review: What type of line show features that may not be seen?
Border
Hidden
Construction
A
B
C Use the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer
Review: What will be the most used line in an architectural drawing?
Center
Border
Object
A
B
CUse the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer
Click home to go start the next section
Lettering
Lettering is the method of communication in architecture. It must be clear and in all caps. Keep in mind here is not one correct way to letter
Types of LetteringThere is not one correct way to letterThere are two main types of lettering
ArchitectureMechanical
ArchitectureResembles an artwork format
MechanicalHas more of a straight line format
SpacingKeep the spacing between each letter
inconsistentThis adds interest to your lettering
Review: How many different ways are there to letter?
5
3
Infinite
A
B
CUse the navigation buttons to go back to find the answer
Click home to go start the next section
Quiz
This will be a 10pt quiz consisting of 5 questions and 1 lettering assignment. Write your answers on top of the lettering assignment, when you finish raise your hand for the teacher to pick up your lettering assignment. Once you start the quiz the back and home button will be deactivated.
What makes mechanical pencils more popular than wood pencils?
They are cheaper
They last longer
Easier to change the hardness of the lead
A
B
C
Next Question
IncorrectThe correct answer is that it is easier to
change the hardness of the lead. If you recall the different types of lines have different weights making the hardness important so that you don’t need to buy extra pencils.
If you need to say that an object is a certain distance from the middle of an object, what two types of lines would you use?
Hidden & Center
Dimension & Center
Border & Dimension
A
B
C
Next Question
IncorrectThe correct answer is Dimension and center
lines. Center lines identify the middle of an object. The dimension lines tell the length or location of an object from another object.
If you needed to draw a curve for a wall section which tool would you use?
Protractor
Compass
Architect Scale
A
B
C
Next Question
IncorrectThe correct answer is a compass. The
architect scale is meant for scaling lines to be smaller or larger. The protractor could be used; however, it could only be used for the specific size of the protractor. The compass allows you to adjust the size and secure it with the point.
When starting a drawing you use very light lines what are these lines called?
Border
Hidden
Construction
A
B
C
Next Question
IncorrectThe correct answer is Construction. Think of
construction of a house and the studs are like construction lines. They are important for the overall structure but are not seen in the final product. So the construction lines are to be very light to help you create the final drawing.
What is the dimension of a B size paper?
11”x17”
36”x48”
12”x18”
A
B
C
Next Question
IncorrectThe correct answer is 12”x18”. This is
something that you must know, we will be using this paper all year. Always remember B size is 12”18”.
Lettering Assignment
The best way to get better at lettering is to practice. On a sheet of paper I want you to write the alphabet 3 times. Try to vary the style between each set. Since this is an architecture class use an architectural style.
If you need examples click here.
Finished
Now raise your hand for the teacher to come record your score and pick up your lettering assignment. Hit the X button and shut down your computer.
X References
References Auction Bytes. (2008). Simple repair for booksellers: the art (and science?) of erasing.
Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.auctionbytes.com/cab/abu/y203/m02/abu0089/s04
BLW Exclusives. (2008). N scale tools. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from http://www.blwnscale.com
BuyOnlineNow.com. (2008). Sanford drawing pencil without eraser. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.buyonlinenow.com/viewproduct.asp?SKU=SAN2262
CGT 164. (n.d.). Lettering guidelines. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http://www2.tech.purdue.edu/cgt/Courses/cgt164/Lettering/Guidelines.htm
Intersites. (2008). Web site solutions from concept to completion. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.intersites.com/index.hml
Kicklighter, Clois E. (1973). Architecture redidential drawing and design. South Holland, IL: Goodheart-Willcox Compant.
Math is Fun. (n.d.). Degrees (angles). Retrieved March 17, 2008, from http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/degrees.html
Plexsupply.com. (2008). Office supplies. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://plexsupply.com/Pentel-Sharp-Mechanical-Pencil-.5mm-Lead/M/B0006VNFUU.htm
Ryverson University. (2004). Drawing to scale. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.ryerson.ca/rta/handbook/tvpaperwork/drawing_to_scale.htm
Scribbler. (2006). Erasers. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.scribblers.co.uk/ Stouls. (n.d.). Erasers. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from
http://www.stouls.com/pages/conservation_en/produits_conservation.php?gamme=17