Architectural (Residential) DraftingDT 1100

Scales, Symbols: Floor Plan, Materials in Section, and Door/Window Symbols

History of the Measuring System

Royalty determined units of measurement

King Henry I Yard measurement

King Edgar Inch measurement

King Charlemagne Foot measurement

The Architectural ScaleMeasures Feet and Inches

Two types or designs of scale divisions:Fully DividedOpenly Divided

The Architectural Scale

Makes large things small and proportionally accurateCommon floor plan scale is 1/4” = 1’- 0”Other proportions or measurements on the Architectural Scale1/8”, 3/16”, 3/4”, 1”, 3/32”, 3/8”, 1/2”

1 1/2” and 3”Full size measurement is the 16 scale, meaning 16 parts of an inch equaling 1/6”.

The16 Scale is used for Full Size and Half Size Measurements

Size Determination of a Scale

Example: ½’ = 1’-0”

Reduce each side of the equation to same units and compare ½” = 1’-0” ½” = 12”½”/(½”) = 12” / (½”) 1 = 24 therefore scale size is 1/24

Sizes Compared to Scales1/8” = 1/96 size, 1/4” = 1/48 size

3/32” = 1/128 size, 3/16” = 1/64 size

Writing the Actual Measurement

Feet and Inch/fractions: 6’-7 1/2”

Even feet no inches: 4’- 0”

Feet and zero inches/fractions: 8’- 0 3/4”

No feet only inches: 10”

No feet only inches/fractions: 5 1/2”

Only fractions of an inch: 3/4”

Architectural Symbols

Usually not in color

Material Symbols in Section Used to represent construction material when sliced or cut by cutting plane

The type of symbols used depends on the the scale of the drawing

Symbols may vary with each office. Common material symbols designations have been derived by:1) Committee on Office Practice (AIA), 2)Task Force on Production Office Procedures North California Chapter AIA, 3)pamphlets, 4)manufacture literature, 5)textbooks, and 6)government agencies

Material Symbols in Section

Other Material SymbolsOther Material Symbols

A. Wood frame wallB. Small scale masonryC. Large scale double wythe brick wallD. Concrete masonryE. Steel tubeF. Steel S or W shapeG. Poured concreteH. Batt InsulationJ. Rigid insulationK. Small scale plywoodL. Large scale plywoodM. Soil/EarthN. Gravel

Other Material SymbolsOther Material Symbols

P. Wood and timbers in end view

Q. Small scale steel in section

R. Large scale steel in section

S. Laminated timbers in end view

U. TJI side and end

V. Open-web trusses

Interior Door/Window SymbolsFor Interior doors there is no threshold at door way

Cross lines at door swing and door intersection

Length of door on plan represents actual door size

Exterior Door/Window SymbolsThreshold is shown on all exterior door symbols

Outside

Drawing the Door Symbol

Floor Plan SymbolsPouche’ or Poche’ is a tone added to the walls to help them stand out on the plan. Options are: Straight line poche Freehand curved line poche Leave walls blank

Do

This

One

Poche’ added to Wall

Floor Plan SymbolsProfile line added to accent outside of wall

Use .9 mm pencil, usually done at the last so graphite will not smear

Add Profile Line

Floor Plan Symbols

Other material symbols are also used along with the poche’, for example: brick and/or concrete

Brick Added to Frame

Symbol Exercise Handout

BATT

(LARGE SCALE)

Example of Exercise

CONC BLK

RUBBLE

Lab Time to Work on Assignments