AP Euro Fall Exam Hundred’s Year War

o Edward III (English) wanted the French throne after Charles IV died but Philip VI was place on the throne instead

Fought over Flanders France has money and unity problems Battle of Agincourt

Major English victory, turning point of war Battle of Orleans

Joan of Arc led the French to success Treaty of Troyes

1420 disinherited the legitimate heir to the French throne proclaimed the Henry VI successor to the French throne transitioned France from feudal monarchy to

centralized state Petrarch

o Father of humanism Michelangelo

o Sistine Chapel Machiavelli

o Wrote “the Prince” Satire that criticized how rulers behave Excuse to questionable actions

Diet of Wormso meeting—which was overseen by Charles V—where Luther was

ordered to recant o Luther refused to recant and was placed under an imperial ban, which

made him an outlaw to both religious and secular authorities Marburg Colloquy

o Tried to unite Swiss and German protestantso Called by Philip of Hesseo Zwingli (Swiss) and Luther (German) fought over the idea of

transubstantiation Zwingli believed God WAS NOT present Luther believed God WAS present

Anabaptistso Against the idea of infant baptism o Protestant

John Calvino Found Calvinism- flourished in Geneva o Predestination o Wrote “Institutes on the Christian Religion”

Diet of Augsburg

o Meeting of protestant and catholic representatives assembled to compose a settlement of the religious divisions

o Ended with an order of all Lutherans to go back to Catholicism Peace of Augsburg

o Made the division of Christiandom permanento Ruler of the land will choose the religion of the land o religious freedom did not extend to Calvinists and Anabaptists

Jesuitso Society of Jesus, followers of Loyolao Worked primarily through education and argument o helped counter the Reformation and win many Protestants back to the

Catholic persuasion Council of Trent

o Charles V advised Pope Paul III to call a general council of the church to reassert church doctrine

o Major reforms concerned internal church disciplineo Strengthened the authority of local bishops so they can effectively

discipline popular religious practice o ended the sale of church offices

Cervanteso Wrote “Don Quixote”

Satire Elizabeth I

o Politiqueo Protestant o Elizabethan Settlement

Reaction to the religious problems caused by “Bloody Mary” Required everyone to conform to the Church of England, those

who didn’t were fined Huguenots

o French Protestantso Edict of Nantes

Done by Henry IV Gave Huguenots freedom of public worship, the right of

assembly, admission to public offices and universities, and permission to maintain fortified towns.

Guiseso Dominant family in Eastern France

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacreo Catherine began to plot with the Guise family because she feared the

threat that the growing power of Protestants posed to the crowno Coligny and 3,000 fellow Huguenots were butchered in Paris

Henry of Navarreo Succeeded the French throne as Henry IV

o Huguenoto politiqueo “Paris is worth the mass”o Converted to Catholicism because he knew he would never be

accepted by Catholic France as a Protestant o Brought French Religious wars to a closeo Made France a catholic country that tolerated Huguenots o Edict of Nantes (see above)

French Wars of Religiono Protestants/Huguenots wanted political power in France but the

government, led by the Guises, refusedo Many people joined Calvinism to oppose the Guises o Massacres of Huguenots o Government realized the massacres would not bring about religious

peaceo Henry of Navarre decided to convert to Catholicism to appeal to his

people Mary I

o Aka Bloody Maryo THIS IS AN ANSWER, CIRCLE ITo Killed protestants

Spanish Armadao the Armada set sail for England with 130 ships and 25,000 troops

however they lost in a devastating fashion. Thirty Years War

o took place in the Holy Roman Empire—was the last and most destructive of the wars of religion.

o between Catholics, Protestants, Calvinists, and Lutherans set the stage for a long struggle.

o Ended with Treaty of Westphalia Restored balance of power Crushed the HRE and killed 1/3 of population Kept Germany fragmented

Glorious Revolutiono William and Mary replaced James IIo William and Mary agreed to recognize the Bill of Rights that limited

the powers of the monarchy and guaranteed the civil liberties of the English privileged classes.

Cromwello Led the New Model/Parliamentary Modelo His men were known as “Godly Men”o Known as Lord Protector

Charles IIo Promised to convert to Catholicism but didn’t

o BFFs with Louis XIVo Restored England to the normalcy with a hereditary monarch

Maupeau o Financial minister to XV

His goal was to break the power of the parlements and tax the nobility.

Maupeou disbanded the parlements and exiled the members to remote parts of the country.

Louis XV unexpectedly died from smallpox in 1774 and his successor, Louis XVI, reestablished the parlements and fired Maupeou in order to gain popular support from the people of France.

Necker served for both Louis XV and XVI Ad Sacrem Sadem

o Papal bull that banned Jansenism Seven Years War

o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0qbzNHmfW0 Louis XIV

o “I am the state”o Sun kingo Versailles

Beccariao “on crimes and punishments”o LAWS, IMPRISONMENT

Deismo God who created nature must be naturalo Rationalo Hoped Deism would end rivalry between Christian sects

De Gougeso “Declaration of the Rights of Women”

dedicated to Marie Antoinette Frederick I

o Doubled size of Prussian Armyo Least Prussian o Got the title “King of Prussia” when he gave up his army to the HRE

Frederick the Greato Started the Seven Years War by invading Saxony o Started war of Austrian Succession by invading Silesiao recruited his generals almost exclusively from the Junker nobles.

Peter the Greato Eliminated serfdomo Tried to westernize Russia- cut off beardso Made Russia a strong militaristic state

Pragmatic Sanction

o Charles the VI’s will that his daughter would takeover the Prussian throne after his death

Gave Maria Theresa legal rights to the Prussian throne

War of Austrian Successiono Cause by Frederick II’s invasion of Silesiao Shattered the Pragmatic Sanctiono Treaty of Utrecht was disrupted

Asientoo Contract that gave British slaves to the Spanish

War of Jenkins Earo Set up long rivalry between Spanish and British

Similarity between Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau o SOCIAL CONTRACT

Assignatso Led to inflation o Government bonds paid off by selling of church lands

“NOBLES” IS AN ANSWER, CIRCLE IT CHILDREN Descartes

o Wrote “Discourse of Method”o Rejected Scholastic philosophy and education

Lockeo Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Tabula Rasa Voltaire

o Candide