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ICT-based Creativity and Innovation

--oo--oo-- 1. Framing

M.Missikoff Institute of Sciences and Technologies of Cognition

ISTC-CNR, Rome (michele.missikoff@cnr.it)

Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies

Summary

1. Why we need (Open) Innovation?

2. What is (Open) Innovation?

3. People-centric Innovation: New forms of organization, management, working styles

4. The core issue: Enterprise Innovation Lifecycle (guidance without reducing freedom)

5. ICT Architectures and Platforms for Open Innovation

6. Conclusions and Lessons Learned 2

Why we need Open Innovation

• Innovation makes the difference: We are at a turn point. We need to innovate firstly our Life Style

• The success of an enterprise in the ability to quickly grasp the accelerated technology changes, adopting them to produce value

• “Innovation is vital to European competitiveness in the global economy” (European Commission)

• 79% of companies that introduced at least one innovation since 2011 experienced an increase of their turnover by more than 25% by 2014 (InnoBarometer)

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An Ever Changing Scenario ...

We reached the end of the Industrial Revolution Era ...

1st IR. Warm Energy: mechanization, steam engine (‘700-’800)

2d IR. Cold Energy: Electrification of industries, cities, homes (‘800-’900)

3d IR. First Digitization: the advent of computers (1960s-1990s). Industrial / office automation

4th IR. Smart Digitization: ‘Smart’ society. Smart Energy, Smart Industry 4.0, Smart Cities, Smart Objects, ... (2000-2020). Big Data/Knowledge. Continuous Innovation.

5th IR. Socio-digital Revolution. New socio-economic paradigms. The Era of Access (J. Rifkin), Sharing / Circular Economy, from Ownership to Usage (2020+)

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Enterprise Attitude to Innovation

Firstly, Cultural Transformation:

• Corporate value

• ‘inherent’ attitude

• Managers’ endorsement

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... against the ‘Budget Tyranny’

What is innovation?

“Innovation does not just change our lives, it

is how we make a living.” (B. Obama, 2013)

The Innovation ‘cocktail’:

• Fantasy & Creativity (with a pragmatic attitude)

• New ideas that create value

• People, communication, collaboration, social behaviour, communities

• Risk with a vision

• Knowledge 7

Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group (OISPG)

According to OISPG

From an Art to a Systematic Discipline, based on:

• integrated collaboration,

• co-creation of shared value,

• cultivated innovation ecosystems,

• unleashed exponential technologies, and

• extraordinarily rapid adoption (absorption)

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Digital Open Innovation

What can we expect to see in the next coming years?

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Service vs Product Innovation

• The Age of Access (J. Rifkin) – From ownership to use

– New business models base on Usage Value

– But it requires a radical Cultural Shift, e.g., in terms of Social Values (e.g., I own a Ferrari, therefore I am a success man)

• The blurring frontier between • goods and services (e.g., the Internet Fridge)

• Inside and outside of the company

Servitization and Openness 10

New Business Models

No fixed resources or infrastructure ownership • Uber • Airbnb, SabbaticalHome No content ownership • Facebook • Instagram Predecessors in Old Economy • Scientific Journals. The workers (scientists) work

for free and then pay to buy the outcome of their work

... against the ‘Platform Tyranny’ 11

ICT & Innovation

The articulated relationship between ICT and Innovation

• Innovation IN ICT

• Innovation WITH ICT

• Innovation BY means of ICT

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Innovation IN ICT

• Aims at producing new digital solutions, systems, equipment, ... (e.g., Oled display, ... to Quantum Computing)

• Today, ICT represent among the most forward moving research and industrial areas.

• It is the most relevant technology in terms of pervasiveness and impact on the rest of the socio-economic systems.

• However, here we will not focus on this topic, since our main interest is the other points that follow.

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Innovation WITH ICT

• Embedding advanced ICT solutions in an innovative product, process, or service is the most relevant frontier of innovation today.

• Same for new business models based on shared platforms and knowledge systems.

• Airbnb or Uber could not be even conceived 10 years ago, when internet, the Web and the smartphones where not systematically used.

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Innovation BY using ICT

• To produce an innovative solution (product, service, etc.) by using ICT means. E.g., a new chair designed with CAD and 3D Printed (but not embedding ICT)

• An instrumental perspective concerning the innovation in any possible industrial sector

• ICT solutions adopted as a means, for the design, engineering, production, distribution, of goods and services.

• The final product can be ‘traditional’ (e.g., a chair) and low-tech (no technology is embedded), but could not exist in absence of advanced ICT solutions.

• On another level, this line includes the support & management of innovation projects:

Innovation support and mangement Platforms 15

3 Steps to Innovation

Human-centric Innovation • Digital Transformation towards

Digital Enterprise • Knowledge Transformation towards

Knowledge Enterprise • Meta-Innovation Transformation towards

Open Innovation Ecosystem

All three Transformations are based on advanced ICT technologies, but interpreted keeping people at the center, then people’s minds need to change synergically.

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Digital Transformation

• Full Digitalization of enterprise and society • The only possibility to cope with the need of

speed, required by globalization and new markets

• This is not simply automation Towards ... • Fully Digital Enterprise • Unified Digital Socio-Economic System • Servitization. From goods (atoms): slow, to

services (bits): fast

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Digital Disruption

Big Impact on Enterprise organization, business models, working and management styles, marketing strategies, ... 18

Digital Enterprise

Rea

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rise

D

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rpri

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Knowledge Transformation

Knowledge and Semantic Technologies

• Digital representation of the Enterprise needs Semantic Enrichment, to tame complexity

• Enriching with meta-data, conceptual level: Ontologies

• Adopting methods and tools from Semantic Technologies

• Beyond ‘business as usual’: Open Innovation requires Open Knowledge

Semantic Web & Linked Open Data

Innovation as a Knowledge Artefact

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Knowledge Enterprise R

eal E

nte

rpri

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Dig

ita

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rise

Rules & Best Practices

Semantic Tags & Annot

Ontology Federations

Knowledge Layer

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‘Meta-Innovation’ Transformation

• Assuming the two previous levels: Digital & Knowledge Enterprise

• The next Enterprise Evolution requires: – Socio-organizational Transformation – Higher digital tools integration – Cultural Shift

• People empowerment – Via digital culture: Open Learning Lab – Dynamic Organization Models, Strong delegation – From management to orchestration – Open co-creation, co-design

• Education, in collaborative settings • Beyond Human Capital, towards Relational Capital

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Innovation Ready Enterprise

Open Innovation Framework

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It is NOT an individual characteristic, it is a relational one, achievable only in an Ecosystem

Next: 2/6. OpenInnov-WhatIsIt