Rosetta Mission

“Great Comet of 1577”

:השביטים נמצאים בשני אזורים עיקריים

אלף 50-100) לא ניתן לצפות בה ישירות בגלל המרחק : עננת אורט. וגם בגלל שהשביטים אינם מאירים באזור זה( יחידות אסטרונומיות

משערים כי מקור השביטים באזור זה הוא מכוכבי הלכת הגדולים של . מערכת השמש

שביטים עוזבים את העננה כתוצאה מהשפעת כוח כבידה של כוכבים שביטים לתוך 10-הערכה היא שכל שנה נכנסים כ. החולפים באזור. שביטים אלו הם בעלי זמן מחזור ארוך. מערכת השמש

מגיעים ( שנה 200-קטן מ) שביטים בעלי מחזור קצר : חגורת קויפריחידות אסטרונומיות30-60מחגורת קויפר הממוקמת במרחק של

ROSETTA EQM

This photo shows Rosetta being tested before it was wrapped in insulating blankets and loaded on a rocket for launch.

Rosetta has massive solar wings to power the spacecraft. They were unfurled and checked out at the

European Space Agency's test facilities before being packed up for liftoff.

Rosetta's mission started on March 2, 2004, when it was launched on a European Ariane 5

rocket from Kourou, French Guiana.

Deep space manoeuvres

• To achieve the required velocity to rendezvous with 67P/C-G, Rosetta used gravity assist manoeuvres to accelerate throughout the Inner solar system

Rosetta took this image of Mars as it looped through the solar system

February 2007

ROSETTA’S SELF-PORTRAIT AT MARS

25th February 2007

After its closest approach to Earth Rosetta captured this image of the planet.

November 2007

Rosetta passed asteroid 2867 Šteins in, giving scientists amazing close-ups of the asteroid's huge crater. The

asteroid is about 3 miles in diameter.

September 2008

Rosetta snapped this image of Earth in November 2009. The spacecraft was 393,328 miles from Earth.

November 2009

Beautiful Lutetia• Flew by and photographed the asteroid 21

Lutetia.

10 July 2010

Lutetia and Saturn in the Background

Go to sleep Rosetta!

• The spacecraft was transferred into a spin stabilised mode and all electronics except the on-board computer and the hibernation heaters were switched off

8 June 2011

Three and a Half years Later…..

Wake-Up Rosetta!

• At 10:00 UTC the spacecraft computer was taken out of hibernation mode and started post-hibernation procedures.

• Rosetta restored communications with ESOC through NASA's Goldstone ground station at 18:18 UTC

20 January 2014

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trljrwTbr4w

Wake-Up Rosetta!

ROSETTA’S FIRST SIGHTING OF ITS TARGET

March 2014

April 2014

67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

June 2014

FIRST DETECTION OF WATER VAPOUR

June 2014

14th of July 2014 picture

14th July 2014

A model of the comet's shape, based on the images acquired on 14 July 201

the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimernko from a distance of 1,210 miles

(1,950 kilometers)..

29 July2014

Comet activity on 2 August 2014

2 August 2014

3 August 2014

Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko by Rosetta’s OSIRIS narrow-angle camera on 3 August from a distance of 285 km. The image resolution is 5.3 metres/pixel.

Arrive to the Comet! 7 minutes of maneuver.

6 August 2014

Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko by Rosetta’s OSIRIS narrow-angle camera on 3 August from a distance of 285 km. The image resolution is 5.3 metres/pixel.

Stunning close up detail focusing on a smooth region on the ‘base’ of the ‘body’ section of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The image was taken by Rosetta’s OSIRIS narrow-angle camera and downloaded today, 6 August. The image clearly shows a range of features, including boulders, craters and steep cliffs.The image was taken from a distance of 130 km and the image resolution is 2.4 metres per pixel.

.

In Orbit around 67P/C-G!• In August 2014, Rosetta rendezvoused with the comet,

commencing an approach to it on a triangular path whose segments are hyperbolic escape trajectories, alternating with thruster burns.

• After closing to within about 30 km (19 mi) from the comet the spacecraft will enter actual orbit about it,[7][8] in preparation for releasing a lander that will make contact with the comet itself.

• The exact surface layout of the comet is currently unknown and the orbiter has been built to map this before detaching the lander. It is anticipated that a suitable landing site can be found, although few specific details exist regarding the surface

ROSETTA'S COMET IN 3D

Rosetta navigation camera image taken on 20 August 2014 at about 83 km from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The comet nucleus is about 4 km across.

20 August 2014

21 August 2014

FROM FAR VS VERY CLOSE

24 August 2014

PHILAE CANDIDATE LANDING SITES

25 August 2014

CANDIDATE LANDING SITE A

CANDIDATE LANDING SITE B

CANDIDATE LANDING SITE J

COMET ON 5 SEPTEMBER 2014

5 September 2014

19 September 2014

ROSETTA COMET OBSERVED WITH VERY LARGE TELESCOPE8 m-diameter telescopes of the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile.

2 October 2014

Philae’s primary landing site

15 October 2014

Delivering Philae to Agilkia

Graphical timeline of the Philae landing

Time at spacecraft Time on Earth

Event Time (rel) Time (SCET, UT) Time (CET) Time (UT) Time (PT)

Rosetta Google Hangout -- -- Nov 7 16:00 Nov 7 15:00 Nov 7 07:00

ESOC media update (ESA TV) -- -- Nov 10 15:00 Nov 10 14:00 Nov 10 06:00

ESOC media update (ESA TV) -- -- Nov 11 11:00 Nov 11 10:00 Nov 11 02:00

24-hour ESA #CometLanding Livestream begins -- -- Nov 11 20:00 Nov 11 19:00 Nov 11 11:00

Go/no-go decision 1: proceed to downlink landing instructions to Philae

-- -- Nov 11 20:35 Nov 11 19:35 Nov 11 11:35

ESOC media update (ESA TV) -- -- Nov 11 20:30 Nov 11 19:30 Nov 11 11:30

Go/no-go decision 2: ready for separation -- -- Nov 11 01:00 Nov 11 00:00 Nov 10 16:00

Go/no-go decision 3: proceed for delivery maneuver -- -- Nov 12 02:35 Nov 12 01:35 Nov 11 17:35

Rosetta pre-delivery maneuver (lining up for separation) -2h Nov 12 06:35 Nov 12 08:03 Nov 12 07:03 Nov 11 23:03

ESOC media update (ESA TV) -- -- Nov 12 07:15 Nov 12 06:15 Nov 11 22:15

Go/no-go decision 4: proceed for landing -- -- Nov 12 08:35 Nov 12 07:35 Nov 11 23:35

Lander separation (22.5 km from comet); Separation, Descent, and Landing phase begins

+0h Nov 12 08:35 Nov 12 10:03 Nov 12 09:03 Nov 12 01:03

Rosetta divert maneuver +40m Nov 12 09:15 Nov 12 10:43 Nov 12 09:43 Nov 12 01:43

ESOC receives CIVA "farewell" image -- -- Nov 12 11:00 Nov 12 10:00 Nov 12 02:00

Rosetta point to Philae +2h Nov 12 10:35 Nov 12 12:03 Nov 12 11:03 Nov 12 03:03

Possible release of NavCam and/or CIVA "farewell" images -- -- Nov 12 13:00 Nov 12 12:00 Nov 12 04:00

Landing (time approx) +7h Nov 12 15:35 Nov 12 17:03 Nov 12 16:03 Nov 12 08:03

ESOC receives CIVA panorama -- -- Nov 12 17:35 Nov 12 16:35 Nov 12 08:35

Possible presentation of first images -- -- Nov 12 18:00 Nov 12 17:00 Nov 12 09:00

First science sequence begins Landing +1h Nov 12 16:35 Nov 12 18:03 Nov 12 17:03 Nov 12 09:03

24-hour ESA #CometLanding Livestream ends -- -- Nov 12 19:00 Nov 12 18:00 Nov 12 10:00

ESOC media update (ESA TV) -- -- Nov 13 14:00 Nov 13 13:00 Nov 13 05:00

First science sequence ends Landing +65h Nov 15 08:35 Nov 15 10:03 Nov 15 09:03 Nov 15 01:03

PHILAE’S INSTRUMENTS

Philae lander

• The lander, named Philae, will approach Churyumov–Gerasimenko at relative speed around 1 m/s (2.2 mph; 3.6 km/h) and on contact with the surface, two harpoons will be fired into the comet to prevent the lander from bouncing off.

• Additional drills are used to further secure the lander on the comet.

• After its attachment to the comet, expected to take place in November 2014, the lander will begin its science mission:– Characterisation of the nucleus– Determination of the chemical compounds present,

including enantiomers[34]

– Study of comet activities and developments over time

November 2014

bibliography

•http://rosetta.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/images/comet-67p/churyumov-gerasimenko

•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)

•http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/content/search?SearchText=rosetta&img=1&SearchButto

n=Go

• http://rosetta.esa.int/

• http://rosetta.jpl.nasa.gov/