LANGUAGELANGUAGE

Prepared by:

Rona Relojo- dela Rosa

The gift of language is the single human

trait that marks us all genetically, setting us apart from the rest of

life.

is a system of communication, a medium for thought, a vehicle for literary expression, a social institution, a manner for political controversy, a factor in nation building.

1. CREATIVE (CREATIVITY)

allowing novelty and innovation in

response to new experience, situations,

and thoughts.

NOUN USE

1. leave the boat on the beach2. keep the airplane on the ground3. crush the aspirin into powder4. catch the fish with a spear5. make the child an orphan

VERB USE

1. beach the boat

2. ground the airplane

3. powder the aspirin

4. spear the fish

5. orphan the child

Carton the eggsput the eggs in the carton

Hospital the patient

Put the patient in the hospital

Julia summered in Paris.

Kent wintered in Mexico.

Martin holidayed in France.

They honeymooned in Hawaii.

Jerome midnighted in the streets.

Andrea nooned at the restaurant.

Philip one o’ clocked at the airport.

Soleme- atomic particle

Solemic- the properties of soleme

Solemicize-to make something

solemic

Solemicization- the process

2. GRAMMAR AND

LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE

GRAMMARthe mental system that allows human beings to form and interpret the words and sentences of their language.

All languages

have a grammar

The two dogs now see several

kangaroos.

The goal of contemporary linguistic analysis is not rank languages on some imaginary scale of superiority.

Linguistics is descriptive,

not prescriptive.

3. SPECIALIZATION

Human capacity for speech is

superimposed on already existing

biological structures.

We do not need to speak in order to use language.

Phonetics

The Sounds

of Langua

ge

Phonetics

the study of speech sounds

Human Language

display a wide variety of

sounds , called phones or

speech sounds.

two ways of

approaching phonetics

Articulatory Phonetics

-the physiological mechanism of

speech production(how they are produced)

Acoustic Phonetics

-deals with the physics of

speech sounds(their physical characteristics)

International Phonetic Alphabet

-represent each sound of human speech with a single symbol

Devised in the 19th Century to help describe the sounds of languages independently of a language’s orthography (writing system).

Under continuous revision.

Last major revision was in 1993.

SegmentsA phonetic alphabet

represents speech in the

form of individual

speech sounds like p , s, or m .

The Sound-Producing System

Larynx- the sound source where

the vocal cords are located.

Pharynx- the tube of the throat

between the oral cavity and the larynx.

The Sound Classes

Vowels

Consonants

Glides – a type of sound that shows properties of both consonants and vowels

Places of Articulation

Tonguethe primary articulating

organ.

Each point at which the airstream can be modified to produce a different sound.

Labial- Any sound made with closure or near closure of the lipsBilabial- sounds involving both lips ( peer, bin, mouth)Labiodentals- sounds involving the lower lip and upper teeth ( fire, vow )

Dental -some phones are produced with the tongue placed against or near the teeth.

Interdental – if the tongue is placed between the teeth.

this , thy, thing

Alveolar – Within the oral cavity, a small ridge protrudes from just behind the upper front teeth, the tongue mat touch or be brought near this ridge.

top , deer , soap , zip lip, neck

Alveopalatal- just behind the alveolar ridge, the roof of the mouth rises sharply.Show , measure chip , judge

Palate- highest part of the roof of the mouth

VelarThe soft are toward the rear of the roof of the mouth- velum

Sounds made with the tongue in this position.

Call , guy , hang

MANNERS OF ARTICULATION

The lips , tongue , velum , and glottis

can be positioned in different ways to produce different

sound types.

STOPS

are made with a complete and

momentary closure of airflow through the oral

cavity.

Span , ban , man

FRICATIVES

are consonants produced with a

continuous airflow through the mouth.

Fat , vat

AFFRICATES When a stop is released,

the tongue moves rapidly away from the point of articulation.

noncontinuant consonants show a slow release of the closure

church , jump

LIQUIDS

Among the sounds commonly found in

the world’s languages are l and r.

Simple Vowels and Diphthongs

English vowels are divided into simple vowels and

diphthongs

Vowels

Pit , set , cat , dog , but , put

Diphthongsare vowels that

exhibit a change in quality within a single syllable.

Say , buy , cow , ice , go , boy

Cat , black

met , bed

See , heat

hit , sitting

i: iPete heat lip kipperleak cheap miss ginscene ether chip grin

believe seen live pillleave breathe

bin quiz

1. Tim’s team was licked by the leaking roof.

2. Pip and Pete shipped the sheep ships cheaply.

3. Those bins are for Bill Beal’s beans.

4. Does Jim still steal Jill’s jeans?

5. Will Wheeler’s team get many hits in this heat?

6. The girls snickered at Jill and Jean’s sneakers.

7. Leaving the living sinners at the scene, Will Wheeler grieved.

8. Pick cherries at their peak or Pete will see the pits.

9. Beach bins are filled with field filler.

10. He’s giving his healing pills to all the sinners on the scene.