Normal Aspects of Articulation

 Definitions

Phonetics Phonology Articulatory phonetics Acoustic phonetics Speech perception Phonemic transcription Phonetic transcription Phoneme Allophones

Allophone Types

Complementary distribution - Free variation –

Articulation – Vowel

Categorization– tongue position– lip configuration – tenseness

Tongue Position

Tongue Position

Tongue height Tongue advancement

 Vowel Quadrilateral

Empty vowel chart

Vowel Chart

Lip Configuration

Roundness Retracted

Roundness

Tenseness

Tense Lax

Tenseness

Diphthongs

Dynamic sounds On-glide Off-glide

Consonants Classification

Manner Place Voicing

IPA Consonant Chart

IPA Non-Pulmonic Consonant Chart

Consonants from book

Manner

The way in which the air stream is modified.

Manner

Stops(plosives)                 Fricatives Affricates Glides (semivowels) Liquids

Place

Where in the vocal tract the constriction is located during the production of a sound

Place

Bilabial Labiodental Interdental/linguadental Alveolar Palatal Velar glottal

Sound source

Defined by how the sound generator (or sound source) is located during their production

– Resonant Consonants All are voiced

– Nasals– Liquids– Glides

– Nonresonants/obstruents Airflow obstructed Sound source is the noise or turbulance

– Stops– Fricatives– Affricates

Voicing

Suprasegmentals

Stress– Important at the syllable level– Primary (superscript) and secondary stress

(subscript)– Carried by the vowel

Rise in fundamental frequency Vowel duration Relative intensity - loudness Sound quality (reduction to a schwa –weaker vowel) Disjuncture

Suprasegmetnals

Intonation Loudness Juncture Pitch Speech rate Vowel reduction Clear versus conversational speech New versus given information Contrastive stress discourse Phrase-final lengthening Declination Lexical stress effects