Lysbilde 1
By ystein B. Jakobsen 10.08.2009
Agenda
Introduction to the Copyright debate
Conventional distribution models
The Genero distribution model
The economy of abundance
Introducing Copyright
None
Statute of Anne 1709
US Constitution 1790
Bern convention 1886
Recent developments
Mickey Mouse Forever
Copyright on Software
Works for Hire
ACTA
Patents on methods and biology
..I say to you that the VCR is to the American film producer and
the American public as the Boston strangler is to the woman home
alone.
Introducing Copyleft
Free Software Foundation
Open Source Initiative
Creative Commons
Wikimedia
What is FriBit?
Norwegian Non-profit membership organisation
Desires to bring balance to a heated Copyright debate
Purpose:
To maximise public access to knowledge and culture
Strengthen the principles of privacy, due process of law,
non-censorship and free communication
Conventional distribution model
Copyright ownerUserDistributorUserUser
Copyright ownerCopyright owner
Example: Warner
UserCopyright ownerMSN MusicUserUser
Warner storeWarner musicCopyright ownerCopyright owneriTunes
Example: Apple
Copyright ownerUserUserUser
iPodiTunesiPhoneApple TVCopyright ownerCopyright owner
Example: Nokia
UserUserUser
N96OVIN95NCopyright ownerCopyright ownerCopyright owner
Problems with conventional distribution models
Vertical integration
Bilateral agreements
Common interest groups
Complicated permission regime
High risk
No consumer rights
Constant lawsuits
Damages the Internet
Less competitionInefficientUnhappy customer base
Needs analysis
Creator
Incentive
Expression
Needs fullfillment
Recognition
Monetary
Means of production
Tools & equipment
Parent works
Assistance
Funding
Means of distribution
Connect demand & supply
Create demand
Audience
Availability
Selection
Relevance (not quality)
Low price
Share with peers
Guidelines for Genero
No exclusive rights for anyone
Anyone can become a distributor or aggregator as long as they
play by the rules
Anyone can create derivative works as long as they share
even
Trust based
Enforcement of rules, attributions etc is based on trust
systems. If the community deems you to be a non-trusted fellow,
your content or channel will be marked as such and avoided
No lawsuits - Genero will be managed by norm and community
rather than lawyers
Distributed
Similar to the architecture of the Internet No centre, other
than standardization bodies that are as neutral as possible
Content independent
Can be used for any kind of material that can be represented in
a digital form. Examples include movies, tv-series, books, music,
pictures, software etc
Location and technology independent
Can be used in any manner of ways in any kind of locations All
content will be available to all distributors equally
Entirely API based
All access to Genero registries are based on APIs. Creating
entries, accessing entries, downloading content etc will all be
available through APIs
Copyright ownerUserCopyright ownerCopyright owner
UserUserAggregatorDistributorDistributorAggregatorHigh level
overview
Registry
User
The audience
Distributor
Facilitates content access for the user
Registry
Stores content registry posts with all details
Aggregator
Facilitates the registration and monetization process towards
content owner
Copyright owner
Owns the rights to creative works
WriterUserPublic Library RegistryMusicianPainter
UserUserInternet ArchiveFreeArt.comMSN music storeRegistration
Co.Example roles
John WalshPeter: Reads the book for free on his PCPublic Library
Registry
Walter: Buys the paperbackFreeBooks.comHardPopWriters
GuildEksempel of use
$ 5$ 20freeJohns chosen licence sais digital copies are free, if
you publish a paper book give me 5 bucks
AggregatorDistributorFile transfers between aggregator and
distributor
Registry
Registry creates an index based on content in its registry and
in federated registries
Transfers index and deltas twice a day
Transfers index and deltas twice a day. Index is just to
alleviate searches towards registry
Files are shared. Aggregator would be permanent seed
Distributor downloads content based on manual selection and
policy from index. Probably the torrent files is not stored, but
fetched on request
Genero licence
General terms
No DRM
Open formats
Non-exclusive addition to a free licence
Is limited to use within the Genero system
No endorsement
Derivative works
No creative restriction other than no commercial endorsement
Attribution
Credit according to medium
Provide link to parent works
Revenue share with parent works
Business terms
A distributor is free to distribute Genero registered stuff, as
long as he adheres to the business terms. Copyright holder can
configure terms himself, or apply predefined sets
Distributors can filter on compatible works depending on
business model and target base
Genero Initiative
Standards organisation to maintain the Genero system
Comparable to a mix of ICANN, W3C and CC
Defines the Registry behaviour
API and data formats
Inter-registry compatibility
Rules for distributors and aggregators
No vertical integration, eg. Cannot hold Genero Copyrights
Maintains the Genero licence
Maintains the Attribution guidelines
Provide support functions
Legal support for both Genero actors and Genero licencees
Payment support (GPP standards)
AggregatorExample entry
Registry
Content owner
Metadata:Author: John GlennCopyright owner: John GlennContent
category: MusicTags: reggae, jazz, fuzzpopContent type:Music
albumLicence: CC-BY-NC-SA ++ Genero
Content type: Music albumContent category:
flacsong01.flac.torrentsong02.flac.torrentContent category:
Sourcesong01.midi.torrentsong02.midi.torrentContent category:
Miscmusic.video.avi.torrentcover.front.jpg.torrentcover.back.jpg.torrentstorplakat.jpg.torrent
Monetization distribution:Author- John Glenn: 75%Aggregator-
SuperPublish: 10%Sampled- Peter sellers: 8%Sampled- Kent:
5%Sampled- Stingy: 2%
Business termsUnitCost: 0RevShare: 30%Broadcast: TONO
The public registry approves registrars and distributors
Can be any company, but must abide by the rules regarding
copyright, payment etc
Registrar and Distributor signing
Content ownerUserDistributorAggregator
Content registry
Content is produced
Music, movies, TV-series, photos, books, plays etc
Initially intended for media content, but works equally well for
games, applications and other intellectual property
Licence decicions
Content producer can make any kind of 3rd party agreement,
including sale or revenue-sharing of licenses
Content production and licencing
Content ownerAggregatorUserDistributorContent registry
Content owner registers with the public registry
Done through approved registrars, much like domain names
Content owner provides a copy to the Aggrgator
Content registration
Content ownerAggregatorUserDistributorContent registry
Distributor accesses registry
Finds new content in the content registry the distributor wishes
to publish
Retrieves a copy
Using P2P. Must provide a seed as long as the work is for
sale
Registrar to distributor publication
Content ownerUserDistributorAggregator
Content registry
Content is distributed
The distributor can have any system he likes, use any business
model etc as long as he adheres to the business terms.
Content distribution
Content ownerAggregatorUserDistributorContent registry
The distributor pays for the content
The Distributor pays to a Genero Payment Provider, which in turn
pais each aggregator (manager)
Distributor owner payment
UserDistributor
Copyright ownerAggregator
Content registryCopyright ownerCopyright ownerAggregator
GPP
$$$$$$
Steam as an example
Focus on the user experience
Gives the user high degree of functionality and rights
Stimulates 3rd party development on their products
Is the best distributor of their own content, thus competing
with piracy instead of fighting it
Result: Very competitive against other distribution channels,
including pirate channels
The Economy of abundance
Long tail
Wikinomics
Moores law
Accellerated by Cloud Computing
The Law of supply and demand
08/17/09
