LABOUR, LABOUR, CLASSES OF LABOUR,CLASSES OF LABOUR,COST OF LABOUR, COST OF LABOUR, LABOUR SCHEDULE, LABOUR SCHEDULE, OPTIMUM USE LABOUROPTIMUM USE LABOUR.

Presented by Ashok Kumar D

Mouleeshwaran K

LABOURDefinition

Manual work or physical work done by people, most especially in contrast to that done by machines, and also to that done by working animals.

Classes of labour

The workers at the project site are inducted to perform a specified function and its connected tasks.

The workers include such as Supervisors. Construction workers. Operators. Drivers. Administrative personnel.

Cont…

Supervisors = Monitoring peoples Construction workers = Masons, Mazdoors Operators = Equipment operators Administrative personnel = Office person like

planners, designers, managers, engineers, M.D, etc

Cont…

DIRECT WORKER

Cont…

INDIRECT WORKERS

COST OF LABOUR

The fund spend for workers (labour) is called cost of labour

Cost of labour can be classified into:Direct labour cost Indirect labour cost

DIRECT LABOUR COST

The portion of wages and salaries which can be identified and charged to a single cost unit

INDIRECT LABOUR COST Cannot be directly related with the

production of specific goods or service Foreman, storekeeper, clerical staff etc.

are examples of indirect labour cost

METHOD OF REMUNERATION

Remuneration on time basis

Remuneration on piece work

REMUNERATION ON TIME BASIS

The wages is measured on the basis of unit

of time i.e. hourly, daily, weekly or monthly

The formula is as follows:

Earnings = Hours worked * rate Earnings = Hours worked * rate

per hour per hour

REMUNERATION ON PIECE WORK

Under this system, wage are paid on the

basis of production

The formula is as follows:

Earnings = number of unit produced * Earnings = number of unit produced *

rate per unitrate per unit

PREMIUM BONUS PLAN

It is pay to the workers a basic time rate

plus a portion of the wages equivalent

of the time saved as related to the

agreed/allowed time for the work

LABOUR SCHEDULE

Labour schedule is sub divided in to two major classification

Scheduling of direct workers

Scheduling of indirect workers

SCHEDULING OF DIRECT WORKERS

The project direct manpower constitutes a major portion of the labor strength.

It comprises production workers who can be identified with the execution of activities of permanent works.

The past performance data is invaluable for computation of manpower forecasts.

WORKERS EMPLOYMENT PATTERN ON BUILDING PROJECTS

MON

SHUTTERING CARPENTER

MASON CONCRETE

MASON

STEEL FIXER

PLUMBER

ELECTRICIAN

TOTAL % CUM%

1 24 2 0 30 4 2 62 .5 .5

2 48 30 0 19 6 5 108 1.1 1.6

3 47 13 0 27 6 7 100 1.7 3.3

4 48 21 0 32 6 8 115 2.06

5.4

5 63 26 8 32 6 8 143 2.65

8.07

- - - - - - - - - -

TOT

2270 244 887 793 236 256 12063

100 -

Cont…

The bar chart of construction work schedule with its data of commencement and completion of each activity of work item forms the basis for developing direct workers schedule.

Man power required for each schedule can be assessed as=quantity of work* labor productivity standard in man-days +duration in days.

Cont…

The ratio of skilled and unskilled workers in a construction team depends upon their characteristics and nature of work.

Daily manpower required for scheduled work=sum of manpower of construction of scheduled activity on date.

FORCASTING INDIRECT MANPOWER

The indirect manpower requirement is related to the management function.

In construction projects, these functions can broadly be grouped as

Project office management. Design and drawing management. Estimating and contracts management. Planning and monitoring management. Project administration and personal

management.

Cont…

Cost and finance management. Materials management. Plant and equipment management. Quality management. Construction supervision management. Support services management.

Cont…

The extent of the indirect manpower needed to perform the project functions depends upon the type and size of the project.

The period of the employment of the indirect manpower varies with the project needs.

The cost spent for these indirect manpower in less compared to the direct manpower.

Cont…

The indirect workers are some times come under the category of direct worker when the driver of equipment or machinery.

A small projects may need indirect personnel to supervise and manage.

A large projects may need more number of indirect workers for management, administration , etc.

OPTIMUM USE OF LABOUR

This is very important for all industry. If the optimum labour use not consider in the organisation that leads to increase labour cost, reduce work efficiency Delay in completion of work

Thank you…