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Poultry Farm management In Pakistan

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1.Abdul Rehman 12982. Mustaq Meo 12973.Abdul Rehman 1296

Introduction

Poultry is one of the most important sectors of agriculture in Pakistan for maintaining the need of protein and nutrition. It was in 1965that the poultry industry started in an organized manner in Pakistan.

Importance of Poultry Production in Pakistan

•Health protein•National economy•Contribution in GDP•Poverty reduction•Employment to new generation

Overview of poultry sector in Pakistan Campaign launched in 1963

to increase the poultry production of the country Allotment of state lands on lease for poultry farms Development of Pakistan's poultry industry 1st phase is 1960-1970 2nd phase 1971-1975 3rd phase is 1976-1980 and onwards

Intensive (commercial) poultry

•Farms 25897•Hatcheries 305•Feed mills 154

Types of farms1.Breeding

farms2.Layer farms

3.Broiler farm

Farm preparation

Disinfection (washing with 4% formalin) Fumigation (kmno4 + formalin) Washing of drinker and feeding pansMaintenance and clarification of the farms

Recommendations

•The ventilation system must be capable of achieving desired temperatures•In cooler climates exhaust fans should run 1 minute out of every 5 minutes, or 2 minutes out of every 10 minute•12 birds per feeding pan•60 to 70 birds per drinker.

Breeder Farm Management 1) Preparing for chick arrival

•Transport should be in clean, proper ventilated and temperature controlled vehicles• All the chick should be the same age.• Brood chick on an all-in, all-out program

Planning for chick placementFemale Rearing Floor space recommendation sq.ft/bird birds/sq.meter

Brooding area( first 5 days) 0.36 30.00Open sided area 1.75 6.00Dark out Area 1.50 7.00

ProductionFloor open sided 2.75 3.85Dark out Area 2.25 4.70

Male rearing Brooding Area (for first five days) 0.36 30.00Open sided area 3.00 3.50Dark out area 2.75 3.85Male should be grown

separately up to 6 wk of age , but complete separation up to 20 to 21 wk give better result .

•Cover the whole space with litter•Proper ventilation•Provide 2 supplementary drinker for every 100 chicks•Provide 1 feeder try for 75 birds •Provide attraction light so that chicks remain close to the heat.•Brooder surrounded guard should be no more then 46cm high(18 inc)

  Start or Brooding phase(1-14 days)

 Feed ,Water , Temperature, Air quality• Fresh feed & Water•Brooder & Heater should be check regularly•Supplemental Drinker

 BrooderPlace no more than 30 chick/m2Brooders should be operating for 24-48 hours before chicks arrivetemperature should be 85-90°F (29-32°C)

Preparation for lay Phase

•Consistent weight gains are needed•regular feed increasesFeed Management •Preparing period•remains fresh. • 12 birds per feeding pan•Feed should be distributed to all birds throughout the house in less than 3 minutes. all of the birds can eat at the same time.

Alternative Feeding Method• Skip a day feeding system

Five Days / Week Feeding (5-2 Feeding)

Distance between two feed pen is not more then 3 feetFeed should be given once in a dayAt age 1-5 wk Ration no 21At age 6-18 wk Ration no 22At age 19-23wk Ration no 24At age 23-65 wk Ration no 23 for female an ration no. 25 for maleFeed increase or decrease according to b.wt

Lighting Program Management

Water Management•Provide easy access to fresh, clean water so that feed intake and growth are maintained.•Drinking system may be bell drinkers or nipple drinkers•Bell drinkers should be installed at the rate of one per 80 birds. Nipple drinkers should be installed at the rate of 8-10 birds per nipple.•Birds should not have to travel more than 3 m (10 ft) to access water.•Distance between 2 drinker not be exceed more the 8ft

Daily water consumption

•Chickens normally drink between 1.6 – 2.0 times their feed intake on a daily basis at 21°C (70°F)

Measurement of Cubical water tank

Length x Width x Height1cub.ft contain 28.32 litter water7 x 3 x 4 = 84 cub.ftWater in 84 cub. ft = 84 x 28.32 = 2378 L

Birds weighing & Body weight control•Objective of body weight control

is to rear all of the birds to the target weight for age with good uniformity•Feed amounts during rearing are based on body weight and maintenance, whereas in lay they are based on these two factors plus egg production and egg weight.

UniformityMark the chart at body weights of 5% or 7% either side of the average body weight. Count the number of birds that fall into this band. Calculate the percentage of the sample that this number represents.

e.g. 1000 +900+950+1050+1100Avg. 1000 gm1000 + 5% = 1050gm1000 – 5% = 950gm 5 – 2 = 33/5 x 100 = 60%

•To measure body weight, weigh between 60 - 100 birds per pen each week or 1%-2% of the population.•The scales used to measure body weight must have a capacity of 5 kg•Gather approximately 100 birds in a catching pen.•Weight every bird in the catching pen, including small birds.

Female Body weight and suggested feed

SpikingSpiking is the addition of young broiler breeder males into an older flock to compensate for the decline in fertility that usually occurs after 45 weeks of ageThis can b due to;-• decline in mating interest•reduction in sperm quality (natural post 55 weeks)•excess male mortality resulting in a reduced male to female ratio.

RecordsRearingDaily weaklyTotal mortality body weightCull uniformityFeedTemperatureWater consumptionFeed clean up timeProductiontotal egg in numberEgg weightHatching egg no.Floor eggFertility

Eggs weightEggs collectionEggs hygieneEggs storageBiosecurity on the farmFumigationVaccinationHumidity (zeal thermometer)

Requirement of litter for breeder and broiler

For breederLength x width x 4”x 2.75

450 x 50 x 0.33 x 2.75For broiler

300 gm/bird300 x 30000/1000 = 9000 kg

Feed RequirementFeed of total flock of broiler

3.5kg x total birde.g. 3.5x 30000 = 105000kg105000/50 = 2100 bags

Daily feed consumption4.5gm x age of bird x total bird

Ventilation

ventTunnel fans Cooling pads

Broiler Farm stockingMany different stocking densities are employed around the world. In warmer climates a stocking density of 0.75 -0.85 bird/sq2.ft is closer to ideal.

Air Flow

Chicks quality•Well-dried, long-fluffed down.• Bright round active eyes.• Look active and alert.• Have completely healed navels.• Legs should be bright and waxy to the touch.• Free of red hocks.• Chicks should be free from deformities (i.e. crooked legs, twisted necks and cross beaks)

Feeding program for broiler 0-3 wk starter (1

kg/bird)4-5 wk Grower (1.5 kg/bird)6-7wk Finisher(1.5kg/bird)

Vaccination schedule •1st day NDV + IB•7th day ND (killed)+ H9•7th day ND( lasota ) •13th day IBD •18th day ND Colon

•Bird Flue- Great Threat for Poultry Industry •Nutritional problems•Heat stress•Cannibalism and feather picking•Injury•Poorly designed poultry houses •Poisoning•Rodents

Problems in the poultry industry

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