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Higher education is witnessing a sea change in the way content is created, consumed and curated. Traditional boundaries are blurring in course content and in course delivery systems. Experimental activities in every corner are challenging the business models and support systems of higher education. These challenges are compounded by the many obstacles that exist in traditional mechanisms for content licensing, commonly resulting in under-utilization of content or copyright piracy. It can be very difficult to locate the appropriate rights holders and engage in permissions requests processes, and there are often prohibitively high transaction costs involved in ensuring legally proper use of content. Responding to this challenge, SIPX (formerly the Stanford Intellectual Property Exchange research project) resolves copyright blockages with user-friendly technology that clears rights for print, digital and online education platforms. It is an active system used by Stanford and is growing rapidly into universities and MOOC platforms. SIPX’s unique approach to copyright leverages technology and institutional relationships to provide an easy and transparent content access experience for both copyright owner and content user.
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Changes in Academic Publishing and A New Copyright Solu:on for Universi:es
MARTHA G RUSSELL, PhD Executive Director,
Media X at Stanford University [email protected]
h1p://mediax.stanford.edu h1p://innova8on-‐ecosystem.org
FRANNY LEE VP, University Relations and Product Development SIPX, Inc. (formerly Stanford Intellectual Property Exchange)
SIPX, Inc.
• Ecosystem changes • Challenges • How SIPX Works
• Benefits • Invita=on
Overview
Interdisciplinary research at the intersec=on of people and technology . .
• rela=onship interfaces for discovery collabora=ons
• user-‐centered design and requirements seGng
Using IT to improve law for everyone, not just lawyers…
• innova=ve research developing towards computa=onal law
• prac=cal solu=ons and applica=ons
codex
Discovery Collabora=ons
at S T A N F O R D U N I V E R S I T Y
Providing affordable and easy access to content requires…
Complex Ecosystem
Ecosystem Disrup=ons
Ecosystem Disrup=ons
Ecosystem Disrup=ons
PUBLISHING INDUSTRY SHOWS Dynamic innova:on
• University par:cipa:on • Eager investors
Stanford in key loca:on
Copyright challenges for universi:es Reduce cost, reduce liability Pressure from Shrinking Library Budgets Legal Ambiguity and Fair Use?! Liability
Average breakdown of cost components for a course reader prepared through a tradi7onal service (i.e. costs paid by
student)
Where are the high costs coming from?
Challenges
at S T A N F O R D U N I V E R S I T Y
Provoca=ve Research Ques=ons
Challenges
at S T A N F O R D U N I V E R S I T Y
Provoca=ve Research Ques=ons
Challenges
Collabora=ve Discovery
VIDEO
How SIPX Works
Presented at NMC Summer Conference 2012
• maximizing access to the necessary educa:onal and research materials for the school community
• providing copyright tools and support to educators, students and researchers on complex legal ques:ons
• minimizing the school’s risk for copyright infringement for the content used by the school community
• trying to communicate and fully leverage the subscrip:ons purchased for the school community
Copyright challenges for universi:es
• Every school circulates copyright no:ces asking community to respect copyright and review policies and guidelines
• Guidelines provide limited help when the law is purposefully unclear; professors leY in impossible posi:on
• What can you do when there are no clear answers? (orphan works, fair use…) • difficult legal tests – 4 factors, many excep:ons –
need a judge’s exper:se to figure anything out
• What tools can you give your community to empower them in their copyright needs?
Legal ambiguity?!
Layers of procedural complexity 1. Professor quickly hits frustra:on threshold when seeking permission 2. Informa:on about university subscrip:ons isn’t connected to the tools
professor uses to send readings to students
Can educators, students and researchers get easy pay-‐
per-‐use access to materials?
Can school’s research assets be enhanced even if the
school can’t afford a whole subscrip:on?
Pressure from shrinking library budgets
hdp://...
• Work with existing infrastructure
• Transparent to consumer/owners
• Automated • Easy to use
webservice • Cost effective
System overview: Ideal online rights management (ORM)
hdp://...
- Rights Repository - Pricing/Access Rules
Top-‐level overview
PROFESSOR assembles content
Find ar7cles through a simple keyword search by 8tle/author on the school’s web pla@orm or directly on SIPX.
CONTENT OWNER gets paid
Receives collected royalty payments and usage analy8cs.
STUDENT retrieves reading
Click link from professor to: …authen8cate and check for discounts, …transact any necessary royal8es, …deliver content to student in their choice of print or digital reading.
SIPX’s system also adapts for researchers, content creators, and many other types of users and ac:vi:es.
Clip art provided by http://pixel-mixer.com�
User-‐level overview
Solution
digitalcourse materials
printedcourse materials
Rights Holders& Agents
content, pricing, & conditions of useentered into sipx©
professor canadd own contentand set terms
Web Interface for Content Delivery Systems
professor interface student interface
$
SIPX
©
find content university login
transactstudent’s $
payment andusage data to
sipx and enables
transactions
Distribution of Course MaterialsStanford Intellectual Property Exchange (SIPX) offers a legal way for professors to clear content easily and a simple way for students to access materials.
SIPX facilitates content decisions and minimizes legal liability while respecting the rights of content creators.
StudentProfessor
course materials and content
delivery system
sipx use case: Distribution of Course MaterialsStanford Intellectual Property Exchange (SIPX) offers a legal way for professors to clear content easily and a simple way for students to access materials.
SIPX facilitates content decisions and minimizes legal liability while respect-ing the rights of content creators.
Stanford Intellectual Property Exchangesipx.stanford.edu
LICENSES NEGOTIATED BY LIBRARIES ENTERED INTO SIPX
Rights Holders& Agents
Providing affordable and easy access to content requires…
Ability to locate actual digital content with reliable metadata
Informa=on about copyright pricing and condi=ons of use, including library
licensing informa=on +
Integra=on with content distribu=on
systems +
• lower cost of course materials – average $30 less per coursepack
• get full value for library subscrip:ons
• real-‐:me copyright support for school community -‐ more legal certainty by communica:ng terms of use and less risk of copyright infringement by providing tools to get permission easily
• increase instant access to pay-‐per-‐use content
• encourage more academic collabora:on – your researchers can share SIPX links where they set the rules for who can access the draY, instead of PDFs where there are no downstream controls
BENEFITS -‐ address copyright law challenges
• Online education movement growing • Copyright clearance responsibility falls back
to the school • SIPX fall pilot with Coursera
• Professors can assign third party readings • Easy copyright experience for students • SIPX relationships with publishers able to
leverage heavily discounted royalties • Without SIPX = $173, with SIPX = $83
BENEFITS -‐ Massively Open Online Courses
Demo – Ac:ve system at Stanford
Integrates seamlessly into LMS
Publish on Demand “Course Content Control in Cyberspace: Ownership Issues in Online Educa:on,” Pamela Beth Levine and Martha G Russell , Media X White Paper, 2012.
“Addressing the Copyright Law Barrier in Higher Educa:on –Access-‐to-‐Clean-‐Content Technology in the 21st Century,” Roland Vogl, Franny Lee, Martha G Russell, Michael Genesereth, White Paper, 2012
Future of Content “Click to Publish: Revealing Compe:ng Visions Through Rela:onship Networks in the Emerging Publish no Demand Industry,” White Paper 2012, Martha G. Russell, Neil Rubens, Rahul C. Basole, Jukka Huhtamäki, Tim McCormick, Russell Thomas, Kaisa S=ll, and Jiafeng Yu.
Next Steps
at S T A N F O R D U N I V E R S I T Y
• Get involved • SIPX Introductory Program • MOOCs
SIPX, Inc.
Next Steps
For more informa=on:
Next Steps
at S T A N F O R D U N I V E R S I T Y
SIPX, Inc.
