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Teknik belajar menuju kesuksesan menjadi dokter profesional
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Doctors have a highly privileged role. Medics are involved in peoples’ lives from facilitating their conception to dignifying death.
Medicine can be a rewarding career despite constant concerns regarding hours, pay, and working conditions. Consequently, competition for places at medical school is high and on the increase.
Deciding to choose medicine is a decision that has lifelong and lifestyle implications.
You will have to spend 6 years at universityand then up to 15 years before reaching the top of your profession? You know what being on call means?
Life at university is fantastic, no arguments. Life as a doctor has greatmoments, but be under no illusion, it is hard work, at times routine, and it canbe stressful.Work hard but more importantly remember to take time to play hard.
What does it mean to you to be successful?Success has different meaning to different
people. It could be:
getting all A’s and B’s while working a full-time job.
having a great social life.parenting two great kids and still making the
dean’s list.being the first person in my family to earn a
college degree.
What is success?
Success is staying on course to your desired outcomes and experiences, creating wisdom, happiness, and unconditional self-worth along the way.
How to become a Successful Student
Schedule your classes at a time best for you. Regularly attend ALL of your classes Form a strong relationship with your instructors. Plan Ahead Following your syllabus as a road map in your
classes Study for your tests and exams Submit all assignments on time Do not procrastinate. Set goals Be prepared for any obstacle.
GoalsIn order to succeed in college and in life, you need
to set goals. Goals should have the following characteristics:
Specific◦ Set clear goals for each class.◦ Break study commitments down into achievable
steps Individual◦ Decide how much time to devote to college and to
studying. Make sure it will fit in with YOUR current commitments.
Measurable◦ How many hours should be spent on each class, per
week? Remember to account for time spent in the classroom, reading time for each subject and any individual assignments or papers that may be due.
Reach for the Stars!
How to Read Your Syllabus A syllabus is a contract between you and your
professor. Note your instructors contact information, contact
times and office hours. Note the dates of major assignments. Note the instructor's policies regarding absences,
tardiness and participation. Refer back to the syllabus often during the
semester. Double check the syllabus before submitting any
major paper or project to make sure you have met the deadline, style, length and other requirements. If any are unclear, speak to the instructor early.
You are expected:
to learn a huge amount of diverse information, to become proficient in many new skills
to be able to integrate skills with knowledge in order to work with a patient to make a diagnosis and management plan.
to learn much of this without being specifically taught it.
to be able to find out what you need to know, often with little support, and to learn it to an appropriate level,.
Medical school fundamentally different to secondary school or other university courses
School College
You can’t cover everything
Plan in advance – have a strategy
Doctors have a highly privileged role. Medics are involved in peoples’ lives from facilitating their conception to dignifying their death.
Medicine can be a rewarding career despite constant concerns regarding hours, pay, and working conditions. Consequently, competition for places at medical schoolis high and on the increase.
Choose medicine is a decision that has lifelong and lifestyle implications.
You will have to spend 6 years at universityup to 15 years before reaching the top of your profession? do you know what being “on call” means?
Life at university is fantastic, no arguments. Life as a doctor has greatmoments, but be under no illusion, it is hard work, at times routine, and it canbe stressful.Work hard but more importantly remember to take time to play hard.
Six years at university interestingVirtual guarantee of job following graduationReasonable salaryRespected professionDiverse range of specialtiesOption to use both intellectual and technical abilitiesContinual advances in the professionSociable work environmentGood team-working opportunitiesManagerial and leadership opportunitiesStructured careerTransferable skillsOpportunities for working abroad
For many of us, praise and reward are important.
If it is a major driver for you, you might want to be pragmatic in some of your learning. If you are sitting in an asthma clinic next Thursday, then learn about the management of asthma before then. You will feel like you understand what’s going on, you will ask sensible questions, and the clinician in clinic is likely to be impressed – this will motivate you to study more. This simple techniqueworks exceptionally well!
Many students are most highly motivated by exams.
If this is you, then look up the exam structure early in the year – look at the objectives, plan how you will cover them. Use past questions to structure your learning and to test yourself, write your own, learn in a group and write tests for each other.
What is success?
Success is staying on course to your desired outcomes and experiences, creating wisdom, happiness, and unconditional self-worth along the way.
How to become a Successful Student Schedule your classes at a time best for you. Regularly attend ALL of your classes Form a strong relationship with your instructors. Plan Ahead Following your syllabus as a road map in your
classes Study for your tests and exams Submit all assignments on time Do not procrastinate. Set goals Be prepared for any obstacle.
1. Visual learners learn and remember best by seeing and visualizinginformation.
2. Auditory learnerslearn and remember best by hearing and discussinginformation.
3. Kinesthetic learners learn and remember best by using large and small bodymovements and hands-on experiences.
If you have a preference for memorisation (the left-hand end of the line):You are likely to struggle more on those tasks that require a deep understanding: Students scoring towards the right tend to do better at medical school. Then you will run into trouble with the volume of work in medicine, and will need to start working regularly:This might be a challenge for you.
Think about strategies to encourage you more to the right.
Thinking strategy: I am a deep learner
Time ManagementListening to LecturesNote TakingReading Your TextbookTest Taking StrategiesStress Management
Create a calendar of dates (download a weekly planner from Study Skills website).
Make a “To do” list Make sure to schedule relaxation, exercise and
recreation time. Allow time to review before class. DO NOT over commit. Avoid Procrastination
Listening
Listening involves understanding what you are hearing and having the ability to hold verbal stimuli in working memory long enough to attach meaning to the words and to interpret what the speaker is saying.
Listening is not the same as hearing.Listening is an active process that engages
the listener in a variety of mental processes.
Strategies for Active ListeningFamiliarize yourself with the topic before class.Prepare questions about the topic to increase interest
and intention.Show a positive, respectful, attentive attitude.Use concentration strategies to combat external
distractors.
Strategies for Active Listening (Cont)Create a relaxed state of mind; use
relaxation techniques.Focus on the speaker's message by using
verbal and nonverbal clues.Listen carefully in group activities and be
open to other points of view.Ask clarifying questions, paraphrase, and
respond to questions.
Create a Listening Goal
Is your goal in a listening situation to: Acquire information? Analyze and interpret information? Empathize with someone's feelings, emotions, or
situation? To enjoy and appreciate the speaker's message?
Essential Strategies to Prepare for LecturesFamiliarize yourself with the topic before
class.Familiarize yourself with new terminology,
symbols, formulas, and equations.Ester the classroom with a positive,
receptive attitude.Leave stress and emotional issues at the
door.Take care of personal comfort needs before
you enter the classroom.Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 10 - 25
Essential Strategies to Strengthen Listening SkillsCreate an interest or a curiosity about the
topic.Strive to develop the mental discipline to
stay tuned in to the speaker.Attend to levels of information.Visualize the topic and the content.Monitor your emotional responses.
Essential Strategies to Prepare for Lectures (Cont)Be mentally alert.Sit in the front of the room.Identify your listening goal.Set goals that include specific listening
strategies to implement during the lecture.Be prepared with appropriate materials.Begin taking notes as soon as the lecture
begins.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 10 - 27
Techniques for Organizing Information
1. Listen for key words and signal headings and main points.
2. Listen for terminology and definitions. 3. Listen for important details. 4. Listen for ordinals. 5. Listen for examples. 6. Use verbal and nonverbal clues as signals. 7. Copy steps and explanations for math
problems.Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 10 - 28
Speech, Writing, and Thinking Rates
Average rate of speech during lectures: 100-125 wpm
Average rate of writing: 30 wpm
Average rate of thinking: 400 wpm
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 10 - 29
Techniques for Adjusting to the Rate of Speech to Writing
Paraphrase the speaker by shortening and rewording.
Use abbreviations to reduce the amount of writing.
Create a set of common symbols.Use a modified form of printing/writing.Keep writing.Stay focused.
Talking and Thinking Discrepancy
Use the following techniques when the speaker is talking too slowly and your mind is wandering and you are losing your focus:
Keep writing. Mentally summarize. Anticipate the next point. Mentally question the information.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 10 - 31
Working With Your Lecture Notes
Complete your notes after the lecture.Add more structure to your notes.Supplement your notes.Rewrite your notes when justified.Recite, reflect, and review your notes.
Note Taking StrategiesSentence Method: Writing every new thought on a separate line. May define new sentences with bullet or number. Best used in
lectures.
Outline Method: Assessing a topic based on the importance of points
discussed. Method best used in organized lecture format.
Charting Method: Categorizing information into the appropriate section of a
table created by you. Best used when having to memorize facts or data.
Mapping Method: Allows you to visually track lecture and see how
relationships are created. Best used during structured lecture and breaking down ideas.
•Have you read the course outline? •What’s the title of the lecture?•How does it relate to the other titles in the series?•What does it mean to you?•What do you know already?•(How) does it relate to real life issues?•Have you read any of the preliminary reading?
Surveying: listening for signposting:
•I’ll begin by•Well,•The first of these settings,•One of the key questions•There are 3 main theories…. •So now we’ve come to ….•To sum up, what we’ve looked at so far
A balance between listening carefully and taking notes is needed. The SQ3R strategy used for effective reading Survey, Question, Read, Recall, Review can be adapted to SQL2R:SurveyingQuestioningListening & Note taking Recall Review
QuestioningDuring the lecture ask yourself:
•What are the main points?•What is informative?•What is analytical?•What is the lecturer's opinion?
Unless you have a superb memory, you’ll forget much of what you’ve heard and made notes on. Try to Recall and Review over coffee after the lecture, with one or two others. It’s more enjoyable, efficient and effective as it can promote fruitful discussion. Make it a regular post lecture slot.
Quickly draw a quick mind map, spider diagramor flow chart summarizing what you all remember – what were the main points?
Istirahat 10 menit
Reading your TextbookSkim through the assigned chapters. This
should help you find the basic idea.Try reading the chapter out loud.Highlight key points.Take advantage of the practice problems,
reviews and tests in your textbook.
Test Taking StrategiesPreparation should start on the first day of
class.Ask the instructor to specify the areas
emphasized on the test.Form study groups with students in your
classAvoid studying in noisy places. Avoid Procrastinating.
Test Taking Strategies continuedBreak up your study session into manageable
45 minute segments. Arrive at least 5 minutes before the test will
start. Read the directions carefullyAnswer the questions in a strategic order.◦ Answer easy questions first to build confidence
and score points.◦ Answer difficult questions and those with the
most point values.◦ With essay questions, outline your answer and
sequence the order of your points.
Patients and the practical application of knowledge stimulate us:
So find some of the bookwork in medicine. Spend time thinking about practical applications. If you are learning about dry biochemical pathways, read also about clinical presentations of patients with problems in those pathways. Look for case studies or even patient videos online that are relevant to your learning.Buy some clinical textbooks early, so that you can read around clinical features of diseases. When learning about the pathology of the cervix, have a read about cervical smears, the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. See as many patients as possible, read about the conditions that you have seen: you will remember information much more clearly if you can link it in your memory to a patient you have seen.
Of course, working in a group is not all roses, and you have probably come across some difficulties and disadvantages; we list some typical problematic situations
Love them or hate them, the clean and simple truth is that you will need to learn to work in a group. At medical school you will benefit from doing some of your study in a group (you can’t learn clinical or communication skills without it, for example), and for the rest of your professional life you will be working in teams.People in teams will not always be people who you choose for friends, but you will need to learn to value them for their strengths and recognise and support their areas of weakness. You may not always work with people who are your friends, but you can still be amazingly productive.We wish to convince you that you will need to work in groups,that there are advantages and that it isn’t always plain sailing.
Clinical communication skills cover a wide range of skills but at a basic levelconcern themselves with:
● eliciting a patient history● explaining (e.g. a procedure, test or risk or giving information)● exploring (e.g. what is going on for the patient)● discussing informed consent● breaking news● negotiating (e.g. a management or treatment plan)● passing on accurate information to colleagues (written or spoken)● presenting a case history to colleagues.
● Clinical communication skills are not about being ‘kind’ or ‘nice’ to patients.● Good clinical communication is essential to clinical competence.● Clinical communication skills are evidence based.● Listening and curiosity are key communication skills.● Practice and feedback are essential to the development of competent clinical communication skills.
A simple history template is sometimes helpful:
●the presenting problem(s)● history of the presenting problem(s)● past medical history● family history● medication history● social history.● review of systems
GoalsEvidenceReflective CommentaryAction plan
The reflective cycleTo get started or consolidate your reflective skills it may be helpful to have apractical model as shown below.This can be used as a way of guiding reflection about any event, but as anexample of how reflection can be used to think about how you learn, we havemapped a learning experience on to the cycle
It will arise again as lectures happen frequently. I am determined to be incontrol in the future and not be influenced by what others say – friends and lecturers have their own motivations and agendas. I also want to discuss lectures in a group to make sure I understand everything and hear what other people have to say.
My action plan:● prepare for lectures to get a head start;● prepare a rough diagram to shape my notes;● be aware of my own feelings and how these can impede my learning;● sit near the front;● record the lecture;● consolidate my learning in a group.
● feeling overwhelmed by the task you are supposed to be doing● feeling unconfident about your ability to do the task, and so getting on withsomething you can do well● waiting until you feel ‘in the mood’ to tackle the task● fearing you will fail (or succeed) at the task● feeling you don’t know how to organise the task● allowing perfectionism to get in the way (‘I can’t do the task perfectly, so I won’t do it at all’).
The way forward with procrastination is to recognise that you are doing it, work out why and then to think of personal strategies for not doing it any more. The reality is that we all have to do things we sometimes find difficult, boring or stressful and it may be helpful to make a daily ‘to do’ list to help you focus on what needs doing. But also, we all respond well to rewards, so perhaps part of your personal strategy could be the promise of a swim, bubble bath, night out or game of football at the end of a task?
● exams● deadlines● presentations● money● relationships
● health● family,
● You can relax sitting in a chair, on the bus/train or lying down. It can take just5 minutes. Make sure you are feeling warm.● Close your eyes and think consciously about your breathing. Take three deepin-breaths, holding them in for a few seconds before exhaling. Make sure youempty your lungs of stale air completely.● Think about your body systematically, starting with your feet and workingup to your head and neck – consciously feel and relax each part you thinkabout, until all of you is relaxed and heavy. Pay particular attention to yourshoulders, jaw, around your eyes and forehead.● Now in your mind, go to a beautiful or favourite place where you have feltrelaxed and happy and just imagine yourself there for a few minutes.● When you are ready, come back to where you are and become aware again ofyour surroundings and the sounds around you. You should feel calm, relaxedand less tense.
‘I run around the block as fast as I can to relieve stress – it works!’‘Planning and cooking a meal helps me to relax.’‘Playing computer games is my best stress buster – I have to watch thisthough as hours can pass unnoticed.’‘The usual stuff really, bath, bed, good book or TV.’‘I watch old episodes of Star Trek – very relaxing.’‘Going to the gym followed by a sauna.’‘If I wake up at night feeling stressed, I get up, write down what isworrying me and any thoughts or solutions I am thinking about and thengo back to sleep. I know it is then all written down and not lost!’‘A glass of wine with friends can put things in perspective.’
With all learning, we are all unique and do things in different ways, but interestingly research has shown:
We remember 20% of what we readWe remember 30% of what we hearWe remember 40% of what we seeWe remember 50% of what we sayWe remember 60% of what we doWe remember 90% of what we read, see, hear, say and do
(Turner, 2007)
In ConclusionThe main purpose in going to medical school is the
likely hood for a bright financial future and for that, students need a profession that begins with a career vision, that will most likely will require a post high school education.
Part of that career vision involves a job earning higher than minimum wage. It will be hard work, but it is worth it.
If you need help, ask for it. Set goals and reach for the stars. We urge you to be a successful medical school
student.Kuliah Umum Semester Awal
sekian dan terimakasih
