Transcript
Page 1: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

Oct-Nov 2012 | Vol. 5/Issue 7 | 40 Pages 172 W. Palm Dr. Arcadia, CA 91007 USA Tel : (626) 506-9607 Fax: (626) 254-9044 www.MandalayGazette.com

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Page 2: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 2

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Page 3: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

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แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€™แ€˜แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ Temptation 4 แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ‰แ€›แ€€แŒ แ€ปแ€—แ€แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€œแ€”แ€’แ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚• New Kent แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€› แ€€แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ Lazy Club แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€„แŠ แ€žแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚” แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€™แ€˜แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ Temptation 4 แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€—แ€แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„ แ€žแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€†แ€„ แ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ แ€กแ€แ€•แธแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€€ แ€แ€šแ€šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

แ€†แ€†แ€Šแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€„แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€‚แ€แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แƒแ€ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แŒ แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ Incheon แ€ปแ€™ แ‚• Royal Hotel Grand Hall แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„ Lแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ซแŠ แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแŠ แ€”แ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€แ€…แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€ซแ€†แ€™แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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แ€ปแ€—แ€แ€žแ€†แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„ Cliff Richard แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ€€แ€”แ€™ แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€‘แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€žแ‚” แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€› แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€‚แ€ฑแ€…แ€แŠ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€กแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€” แ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ‚ˆแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€…แ€€แ€‚แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแแ€–แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแแ€ฑแ€–แ€…แ€˜แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ‚แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š FM แ€ฑแ€›แ€’แ€šแ แ€žแ€ธแ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ†แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แŒ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™แ‚• แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„แ€† - แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„แ€† - แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€† - แ€กแ€€แ€šแ€’แ€™แ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€† - แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€„แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€†แ€† - แ€Ÿแ€žแคแ€แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€† - แ€˜แ€”แ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€€แ€แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€† - แ€กแ€€แ€šแ€’แ€™ แ€กแ€ปแ‚แตแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€‡แ€„

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Page 4: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 4jrefrmjynfu bavmh*f*g

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แ‚แ€แแ€แ€แ‚แ€… PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award แ€†แ‚แ€„ Time แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ แ‚แ€แแ€แ€แ‚แ€… แ€‘แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ Heroes แ‚แ…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ฌแ€‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€”แ€šแ€™ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

tar&dum;udkb,fwkef;u?bmtwGufa&mufvmwmovJ? แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€แ€ซแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€€ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€šแ€”แ€—แ€ฌ

แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ IWP (International Writing Program) แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แพแ€€แ€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€…แ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€…แ€…แ€ฅ แ€–แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€–แ€œแ€šแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ Lecture แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€ แ€žแ€ธแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€›แ€‚แ€›แ€™แ€แ€…แ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ http://iwp.uiowa.edu แ€†แ€ แ€œแ€„แ€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€ธแ€œแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹ tEkynm? uGefysLwm? bavmh*f? tdkifwDavmuudka&mufvmyHk...

แ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แˆแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ซ ... แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ฑแ€œ แ€†แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€…แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€’แ€•แ€™แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแŠ แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€‘แ€Š แ€…แ€ แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€แ€–แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ‚”แ€™แ€šแ€œแ‚”แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€ แ€†แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€€ แ‚แ€แ€แƒ แ€แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚แ€แ€แ„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€…แ€•แ€šแ€ปแ€–แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ Education แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€•แ€šแ€ปแ€–แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€šแ€›แŠ แ‚แ€ผแ€šแ€” แ€…แ€แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€’แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€‘แ€…แ€• แ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚แ€แ€แ† แ€แ‚แ€… แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ ...แ‹ แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚• แ€กแ€ แ€žแ€œแ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€•แ€™แ€€แ€†แ€ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ (www.thanlwin.com) แ€€แ€œ แ€กแ€แ€แ€แ€ผแ€œแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€†แ€€แ€กแ€…แ€•แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ‚แ€แ€แ‡ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€Šแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€แ€ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€†แ€ แ€˜แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€–แ€”แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ธ(แ€žแ€œแ€ผแ€„) แ€…แ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚แ€แ€แ† แ€แ‚แ€… แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€แ€กแ€แ€”แ€€แ€…แฟแ€•แ€ธ ... แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€”แ‚•

แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š...แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š ... แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€€แ€€ แ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€žแ€•แ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ...แ‹ แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€™ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€€

แ€…แ€แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ€œแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€˜แ€ผแ‚”แ€€ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€ปแ€•แ€กแ€„แ€‚แ€„แ€”แ€šแ€ฌ BE(CIVIL) แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ผแ‚”แ€™แ€™แ€›แ€˜แ€ธแ€žแ€œ แ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ€แ€€แ€–แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌ self-study แ€œแ€•แ€แ€šแŠ แ€žแ€„แ€š แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ ...แ‹pifumylrSmb,favmufMumaeovJ? b,fESpfrSmjrefrmjynfjyefovJ?แ‚แ€แ€แ† แ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€• ...แ‹ แ‚แ€แ€แ‡

แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€แ€” ... แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ƒแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚แ€แ€แ‡ แ‚แ€…แ€€แ€”แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€แ€แˆ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€” แ€แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ฌ แ€แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€• ... แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹enf;ynm? tEkynmeJY vlYb0&JYcH,lcsuf...

แ€กแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€Ÿแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แฟแ€–แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€€แ€™แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ ... แ€žแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€œ แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€Š แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€žแ€œแŠ แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€“แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€œแ€€แ€€ แ€แ€ผแ€…แ€แ€€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€–แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€œ ... แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€–แ‚”แ€žแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ ... Super Hero แ€›แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ... แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€Ÿแ€ฌ ... แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œ แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€žแ€œแŠ แ€œแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€แ€€แ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ... แ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€™แ€›แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€”แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€‘แ€€ แ€™แ€•แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ...แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แพแ€€ แฟแ€•แ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ ... แ€กแ€•แ€€แ€กแ€…แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€‘แ€กแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ ... แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแพแ€€แ€–แ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€แ€แ€šแ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ ... แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแ€œแ€ผแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€œแ€ผ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€‘ แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€„แพแ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€žแ€•แ€ซ ...แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€€แ€œ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แ€žแ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€ผแ€šแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แ€žแ‚”แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€›แ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€ผแ€šแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€–แ€”แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ‚แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€šแ€ฅแ€แ€ผ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€Šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ‚”แ€™แ€˜แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€’แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€€ แ€žแ‚”แ€™แ€˜แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€แ€šแ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ‚”แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ...แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€• แ€€แ€š แ€–แ€”แ€แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€žแ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€แ€›แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•... แ€€แ€šแ€” แ‚” แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€€แ€šแ€™แ€•แ€„แ€ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ž แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€Šแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€’แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†แ€ แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€แ€€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€’แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€žแ€แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ‚” แ€„แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ แ€™แ€˜แ€™แ€•แ€žแ€แ€™แ€˜แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€›แ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€œแ€• ...แ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€€ แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€แ€€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ‚” แ€–แ€”แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€™แ€”แ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€แ€ž แ€กแ€ แ‚•แ€œ แ€›แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€›แ€„แ€œแ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€แ€™แ€แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€•แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ แ€‘แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แŠ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌ

แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€†แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€ธแ€–แ€œแ€šแ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ ... แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€€แ€™ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€™แ€‘แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€–แ€”แ€แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ... แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€• แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€€แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€€

แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€„ (The right to be free) แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ธ ... แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€†แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€– แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ...แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‚แ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚• แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€…แ€แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€†แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€–แ€”แ€กแ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ ... แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€ซ ...แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€• แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€–แ€”แ€แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€œ ... แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€•แ€’แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ... แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€–แ‚• แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€ แ‚•แ€€ แ€˜แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€œแ‚• แ€ปแ€™แ€„แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€• แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€… แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€• ... แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€›แ‚ˆแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€‘แ€„แ€‘แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€–แ€”แ€แ€ธ แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€žแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€กแ€แ€€แ€€ แ€œแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€

แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€˜แ€แ€แ€šแ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ ... แ€™แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€™แ€™แ€›แ‚•แ€•แ€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€†แ€ผแ€šแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„แ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€† แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€žแ€”แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š ... แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€แ‚”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ udkaebkef;vwf&JY 2012 eJY 2013 tpDtpOf...

แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€˜แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€•แ€…แ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ...แ‹ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€•แธแ€”แ€แ€Šแ€แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€• แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€”แ€›แ‚• แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€แ€แ€แ€แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€žแ€•แ€™แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€šแ€กแ€†แ€กแ€› ... แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ€š แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€™ แ‚€แ€€แ€™แ€žแ‚แ€„แ€แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ ...แ‹ แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ ... แ€กแ€แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€†แ€€แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€šแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€‘แ€•แ€‘แ€แ€™แ€š ... แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€กแ€‘แ€€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€• แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ jrefrmvlrsdK;awGEdkifiHjcm;rSmaexdkifjcif;tay:,lqcsuf

แ€€แ€šแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€šแŠ แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€šแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€šแ€–แ€”แ€แ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€š แ€กแ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ€œแ€’แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€แ‚แ€„แ€–แ‚”แ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€š แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€ แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€แ€แ€–แ‚”แ€• แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€’แ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€›แ€• แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€œ

bavmh*g aebkef;vwfESifhawGYqHkpum;ajymjcif;rdk;oufudk

แ€ฑแ€”แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€ Profileแ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€Š - แ€ฑแ€”แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€ (Nay Phone Latt)แ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€›แ€„แ€ธ - แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธ - แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ - แ€—แ€’แถแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ - แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€‡ - แ‚แˆ-แ€แ†-แแ‰แˆแ€แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ - แ…แ€ฑแ€• แ… แ€œแ€€แ€™ แ€™แ€˜แ€กแ€™แ€Š - แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ + แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ - แ€Šแ€กแ€…แ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ - BE (CIVIL)แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ‚”แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€… -แ‚แ€แ€แƒ แ€แ‚แ€… แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€‚แ€•แ‚”แ€… - แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€แ€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธBlog แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ - Chatter & Blogger แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„/แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธ - แ€‘แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€žแ€„... "แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›" แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ - Black Swan, แ€žแŠ แ€œแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€™แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€…แŠ แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌ ...แ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ - Johnny Depp แŠ แ€›แ€แ€€แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธ - Natalie Portman แŠ แ€žแ€€แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ - แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€• - แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€แ€€แ€œแ€™แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€œแ‚•แ€แ€ธแ€แ€—แ€žแ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌ - แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ - แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ - แ€กแ€ปแ€–แŠ แ€กแ€”แ€€แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€•แ€แ€ฌ - Lenovoแ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€‚แ€™แ€ธ - Plant Vs Zombie แ€กแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚”/แ‚แ€„แ€„ - แ€•แ€‚แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€‘แ€แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€• - แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€แ€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

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email/URL: [email protected], www.nayphonelatt.com

Page 5: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

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แ€กแ€•แ€™แ€€แ€แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ปแ€•แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‰แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€šแ€กแ€€แ€…แ€žแ€™แผแ€

แ€กแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€…แแ€แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€‘แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ แ€ปแ€™แ‚”แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€žแ‚”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€†แ€•แ€ซแ†แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œ แ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แฟแ€แ€กแ€™แ€ (แ…แ„)แ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€…แแ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€™แ€แ€„แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ผ แ‚”แ‚ แ‚ˆแ€ แ€†แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€‘ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€˜แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€žแ€”แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€” แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€˜แ€ผ แ‚”แ‚ แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€šแ€”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€›แ€แ€šแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แŠ

แ€œแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™ แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€žแ€”แ€Šแ€ธ?

แ€•แ€€แ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€Šแ€œแ€„ แ€กแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€Š แ€’แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€žแ€€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€žแ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€žแ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€แแ†แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€’แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€™ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€ฅแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€€แ€œแ€„แ€แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฅแ€แ€…แ€„แ€ธ แ€‘แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€/แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€…แ€แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€— แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ก แ€† แ€„ แ€› แ€ฑ แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แ€Ÿ แ€‘ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ž แ€Š แ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ‚แ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€แ€ แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แพแ€€แ€ธแ‚แ€แ€™แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€›แ€”แ€žแ‚” แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€†แ‚”แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€”แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€ แ€›แ€™แ€€ แ€€แ€Šแ€•แ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€”แ€‚แ€ซแ€‡(Benghazi)แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€แ€›แ€™แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€• แ€…แ€…แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€”แ€แ€แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€€แ€แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€–แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แพแ€€แ€ธแ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ‚”แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Ÿ แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‚แ€ผ แ€”แ€™แ€€แ€แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€”แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ‚แ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€„ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€แ€žแ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แแ‹

แ€ปแ€™ แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€™ แปแ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ‚แ‚แ€„แ€„(แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ‚แตแ€š)แ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌ

แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€› แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€› แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€”แ€ธ/แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€› แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€€แ€Ÿแ€‘แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ‚แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แŠแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ‚”แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€กแ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€†แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€…แ€… แ€ แ‚” แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌ แ€€แ€™ แปแ€ฌ แ€… แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธ แ€กแ€„แแ€กแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ‚‘ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€‘แ€„แ€›แแ‹ แ€žแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ.. แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ€กแ€œแ€šแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€ผแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธแ€ก แ€„ แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€œ แ€ผ แ€แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€žแ‚” แ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€…แ€€แ€œแ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€Šแ‹

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€›แ€Šแ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€ธ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ‚” แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€†แ€šแ€…แ‚แ€…แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€กแ€ฌ แ€› แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€› แ€… แ€€ แ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€—แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ‚”แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ แ‚” แ แ€œ แ€€ แ€„ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€” แ€ก แ€›

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€„ แ€œแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ แ‚แ…แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แแƒแ… แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€™แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„ แŠ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€›แ€›แ€ฌ แ€•แ€‹แ€•แ€€แกแ€แ‚” แ‚แ€„แ€™แ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ

แ€€แ€”แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ (แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแŠแ€…แ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ)แ€‘แพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แพแ€€แ€Šแ€œแ€„ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แแ€™แแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€…แ€•แ€ซ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ซแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€šแ€™แ€€ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ แ‚ แ… %แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ก แ€• แ€…แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แŠ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€„แ€‘แ€•แ€†แ€ธแแ€แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€†แ€šแ€…แ‚แ€…แ‚แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ…แ€žแ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€ แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€ฑแ€› แ€ผ แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€” แ€‘แ€„ แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ "แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ‚”แ€™แ‚ˆ"แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€‘ แ€‘ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€ แ€™ แปแ€ฌ แ€… แ€• แ€ซ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€ซ แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€• แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€•

แ€œแ€€แ€†แ€ผแ€šแ€•แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€™แ€”แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€

แ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ฅแ€ธแ‚แ€œแ€€แ€‘แ€€(แแ‰แ…แƒ)แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€šแ€กแ€€แ€… แ€’แ€žแ€™ แผแ€แ€”แ€…แ€†แ€„ แ€€ แ€š แ€แ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€‘แ€€แ€€ แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ€แ€›แ€•แ€” )แ€€ แ€ผแ€” แ€ป แ€™ แ€”แ€… แ€ แ‚” แ€œ แ‚Šแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€” แ€แ€–แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€” แ€ แ‚” แ€ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€€ แ€Š แ€–แ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ‹ แ€กแ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€‘แ€€แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€แ€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€šแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฌแ€‡แ€แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแพแ€€แ€™ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€žแ€™ แผแ€แ€€แ€šแ€ แ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ‚” แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€Š แ‚ แ‚ˆแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€„แ€ แ€”แ€€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€‘แ€„แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแแ€‘แ€•แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€กแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚” แ€žแ€Š แ€–แ€แ€„แ€กแ€•แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€šแ€…แ€ฅแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€€แ€ผแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€—แ€šแ€†แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€™แ€›แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€ แ€‘แ€žแ€แ‚”แ‚แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€™แ€žแ€–แ€ผแ€šแ€แ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ปแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹

แ€šแ€กแ€€แ€…แ€žแ€™ แผแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฅแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€‘แ€กแ€แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€ แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€†แ€•แ€€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…

แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€™แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€ผแ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€š แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€/แ€›แ€Š แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€แ€Šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€™แ€แ€Šแ€€แ€ผ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€แ€แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€• แ€ซแ€œ แ€„ แ€‘ แ€‘ แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€… แ€ž แ€Š แ€ก แ€œ แ€ผ แ€” แ€… แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ป แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€•แ€Š แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€– แ€š แ€’ แ€› แ€š แ€… แ€” แ€… แ€€ แ€€แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แŠแ€œ แ‚Šแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ แ‚”แ€™ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แŠแ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€” แ€กแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ‚”แ€•แ€„แ€แ€€ แ€›แ€€แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€žแ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€‘แ€„ แ€• แ€ซ แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แšแ€แ€”แ‚”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

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แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€”

แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€… แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€แ€™แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€Šแ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ แ‚” แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€…แ€”แ€…แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ก แ€†แ€ธ แ€แ€ฑ แ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€€ แ€™ แปแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€… แพ แ€€แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ "แ€กแ€ฌแ€…แ€šแ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€…"แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€…แ€แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ‹

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€„ แ€ผแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ€›แ‚ˆแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแแ€™แ€œแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€›แ‚ˆแ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€‘แ€™ แ€™แ€ผแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ..

แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€› แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ซแ€แ‚”แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€Šแ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€” แ€„ แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€€แ€†แ€ผแ€šแ€€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€œแ€‘แ€†แ€žแ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แแ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แแ€กแ€žแ€ฅแ€ฌแ€แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแแ‰-แ‚แ€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แ€•แ€แ€™แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€” แ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€ผ"แ€กแ€šแ€กแ€† แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แšแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ซแ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€…แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€›แŠแ€กแ€• แ€™แ€€ แ€ แ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€šแ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ‚ แ€„

แ€Ÿแ แ€กแ€แ€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ "แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€™แ€€" แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ‹

"แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€™แ€€"แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€› แพ แ€€ แ€œ แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€šแ€ฅแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€„แ‚แ€„แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

Page 6: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 6aMumfjimaqmif;yg;?pmaMumif;xdk;aMumfjim

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tEdkif&aom Barack Obama

2012Edk0ifbmv6 atmifyGJcHrdefYcGef;xJrS......I want to thank every American

who participated in this election. Whether you voted for the very first time or waited in line for a very long time ... by the way, we have to fix that...whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone ..., whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a Difference...

Apartment for RentS. Garfield Avenue, Alhambra2BR/1BA , Totally remodeled

New kitchen, New tile floor, New paint New bathroom, New carpetOwners pay Water & Trash

Asking for 1,350/monthTel: (626) 203-8966

แ€’แ€‡แ€„แ€”แ€ฌ แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€ฅแ€ธ(แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€†แ€„)แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€’แ€‡แ€„แ€”แ€ฌ

แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€™แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€แ€ก แ€‘แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แŠแ€›แ€€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แŠแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆแ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€แ€กแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€™แ€(แ‚แ€)แŠแแ€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™ แ€”แ€šแŠแ…/แ†แ€œแ‚Šแ€ฌph: 229037,[email protected]

Page 7: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 7aMumfjim - Advertisement

Page 8: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012jrefrmjynfu bavmh*f*g A 8

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€…แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ (Brain Drain) แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แพแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€›แ€• แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ‚แถแ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š .... แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„ ... แ€’แ€œแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€” แ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ‚”แ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€†แ€ธแ€›แ‚ˆแ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š Brain Gain แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ... แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€œ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€›แ‚แ€„แ€ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€–แ€ผแพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ... แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€ แ‚•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ... แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€•แพแ€€แ€™แ€œ แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€›แ€™แ€š แ€€แ€…แฅแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€ ... แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€–แ‚” แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€• ... แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ‚ˆแ‚•แ€ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€•แ€แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ udkaebkef;vwfvufudkifusifhoHk;wJhaqmifyk'f...

I 4 A, A 4 I. One for all, all for one. tEkynmavmurSmae&mav;wck&atmifb,fvdkMudK;pm;cJh&ovJ? แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€แ€ แ€‘แ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€–แ€ธ

แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€™ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ‚” ...แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€œ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€„แ€œแ‚” แ€†แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€€แพแ€€แ€Šแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ‚แ€„แ€œแ‚”แŠ แ€€แ€šแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€†แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€œ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€แ€œแ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€™ แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ แ€กแ€œแ€œแ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€œ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€„แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€œแ‚” แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ...แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€…แ€ผแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€†แ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€—แ€ฌแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแฟแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€„แ€ แ€žแ€•แ€ซ ...แ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š...แ‹ แ€˜แ€š แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ... แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€แ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€™แ€แ€แ€„แ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€€แ€‘แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€• แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€• ... แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€…แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€– แ‚”แ€• แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€• ...แ‹ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€• ... แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ‚”แ€œ แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹tMudKufESpfoufqHk;vlyk*ยพdKvfub,folvJ? bmaMumifhvJ? แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€…แ‚€แ€€ แ€€แ€•แ€…แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธ

แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š...แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€…แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€กแ€แ‚•แ€›แ‚• แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€—แ€œแ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ‚• แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฌแ€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€แ€šแ€แ€šแŠ แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ‚แ€ผแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แšแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€›แ€แ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€…แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€กแ€ แ‚•แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚• แ€แ€€แ‚€แ€€แ€ผ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ€œ แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€…แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€‚แข แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€šแฟแ€•แ€ธ ... แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€™แ€แ€œแ€€แกแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ jrefrmjynfrSm tckbmvkyfaeovJ? jynfyujrefrmvli,fawGudkbmvkyfap csifovJ? bm message ay;csifovJ? bmawGaygif;vkyfcsifovJ? b,fvdk networkawG vkyfcsifovJ? แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€

แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แฟแ€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ Capacity Building

แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€Šแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€™ แ€แ€„แ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€–แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€™แ€šแ€‘แ€„แ€ แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€–แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€†แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€” แ€žแ€œแ€• แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€† แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€€แ€œ แ€แฟแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€™แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ ... แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€…แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ MIDO (Myanmar ICT For Development Organization) แ€†แ€แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€™ แ€ฌ Executive Director แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€žแ€œแ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€•แ€™แ€€ แ€กแ€ผแ€”แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธ www.thanlwin.com แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€šแ€’แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€™แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€–แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€žแ€œแ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€•แ€™แ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€…แ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€œแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ธ แ€†แฟแ€•แ€ธ ... แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€€ NGO แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€š website แ€แ€…แ€ www.thelink.thanlwin.com แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€€แ€‡แ€ฌแ€‚แ€”แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ HOME (House of Media & Entertainment) แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ Capacity Building แ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€…แฅ แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€’แ€ซแ€” แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„ ... แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚•แ€แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ž แ€„ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€… แ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€– แ‚” แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€” แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ก แ€… แ€… แ€… แ€ฅแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ ... MJA ( Myanmar Journalits Association) แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ แ€—แ€Ÿแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œ แ€‘แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ‚”แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€žแ€œแ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ ... แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€

แ€แ€€แ€š แ€กแ€›แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€šแพแ€€แ€Šแ€…แ€แ€แ€›แ€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€แ€แ€†แ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€šแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€˜แ€š แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€œแ€†แ€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„แ€แ€…แ€แ€›แ€แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€ แ€กแ€ แ‚• แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ ... แ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚•แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š ... แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ‚แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แพแ€€แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ ... แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€†แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€€แ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€†แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€ผแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€† แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€šแŠ แแ€ แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€† แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€œแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€† แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ ...แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚” แ€žแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ€”แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€„แ€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌ แ€›แ€แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ปแ€•แ€–แ‚” แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€žแ€œ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€”แ€Šแ‚‡แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€œ แ€œแ€•แ€–แ‚”แ€œแ€™แ€šแ€‘แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ ... แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€€แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š

แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ แ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€‘แ€„แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œ แŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ€žแ€™ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€†แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€šแ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€…แ€•แ€šแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€‘แ€„แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€™ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€™แ€แ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ ... แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€†แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ แ€†แ€แ€กแ€แ€€แ€”แ‚” แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€œแ€†แ€ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€ฌแพแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ ... แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€

แ‚แ€„แ€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€… แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹trSwfw&tjzpfqHk;tawGYtMuHKwck...

แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€แ€กแ€แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€† ... แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€€แ‚แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€Šแ‚‡แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ธ ... แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€แ€กแ€แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€• ... แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€œแ€•แ€แ€แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€žแ€”แ‚”แพแ€€แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ ... แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Šแพแ€€แ€Šแ€œแ€„แ€œแ€„ แ€œแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€• ... แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ ... แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€” แ€›แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€€แ‚แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€Šแ‚‡แ€ธแ€Šแ‚‡แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€”แ‚” แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แฟแ€•แ€ธ ... แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€šแ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€›แ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€…แ€ (Guilty Feeling) แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€…แ€ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€• แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€€แ‚แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€• ... แ€กแ€œแ€œแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€• ...แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ b,fyk'frawGeJY axmifcscJYygvJ/cH0efcsufvufrSwfxdk;cJY&ao;vm;/

แ€•แ€’แ€™แƒแ‚(แ€)Video Act, แƒแƒ(แ€€)electronic act, แ…แ€แ…(แ€)Saffaron revolutionแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€แ‚”แ€แ€šแ€†แ€แ‚” แ€•แ€’แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ‚แ€…แ‚แ€แ€”แ‚”แ†แ€œแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€แ‚”แ€แ€šแ‹แ€กแ€šแ€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แแ‚แ‚แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌแ„แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹แ„แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€แ€šแ‹แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€› แ‚”แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚” แ„แ€แแ€กแ€•แ€’(แ)แ€กแ€› แ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚”แ„แ‚แ€…แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€แ€แ€”แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€™แ€‘แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ tu,fรญ udkaebkef;vwfu ydkufqHt&rf;csrf;omjyD; tmPmvnf;t&rf;&dS

aejyDqdk&if wdkif;jynfeJYvlrsdK;twGufbmvkyfay;csifovJ? แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€ฅแ€แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ... แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€แ€œแ€€แ€› แ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ MIDO (Myanmar ICT For Development Organization) แ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€• แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€„แ€แ€š แ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€•แ€€แ€†แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€™ แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ€œแ€•แ€œแ‚”แ€›แ€แ€šแ€œแ‚” แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ urร‡mw0ef;rSm&dSwJh uGefysLwmeJYenf;ynmcspfwJhjrefrmvli,fy&dowfawGudk

&wemyHkaejynfawmfowif;pmuaebmrsm;ajymcsifao;ovJ? แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚” แ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€ธแพแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€

แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ‚•แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ... แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€œแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ‚• แ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ ...แ‹ แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€‘แ€„แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€€แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€’แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€’แ€€แกแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€™ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€แ€„

แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธ ... แ€กแ€€แ€”แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€œ แ€€แ€šแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€แ€…แ€แ€Ÿแ€ฌ ... แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€‘แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€œแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€แ€แพแ€€แ€–แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ ... แ€แ€€แ€šแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€” แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ฌแ€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€œแ€• ... แ€…แ€แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€ž แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€แŠ แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€กแ€™แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€• ... แ€กแ€žแ€ฅแ€ฌแ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€กแ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€…แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€–แ‚” แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ...แ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€€แ€œแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€š แ€™แ‚แ€•แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€”แ‚” ... แ€€แ€œแ€…แ€™แ‚แ€•แ€แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š ... แ‹ Think again before you click.

แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ Mandalay Gazette แ€›แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€แ€›แ€Šแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ udkaebkef;vwfแ€€แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ โ™ฆ

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Page 9: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

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Page 10: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012

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แ€žแ‚”แ€™แ€ฌโ€ฆแ€แ‚แ€„แ€›แ€Šแ€”แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€ แ€แ€€แ€แพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€แ€šแ€žแ‚”แ€™แ€ฌโ€ฆแ€…แ€แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€™แ€š แ€แ€•แ€แ€šแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€แ€šแ€žแ‚”แ€™แ€ฌโ€ฆแ‚แ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œ แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šโ€ฆแ‹แ€žแ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€”โ€ฆ แ€กแ€–แ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€แ‚แ€„แ€ แ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€›แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€œแ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€แ‚แ€„แ€ แ€’แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€’แ€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œ แ€›แ‚แ€„แ€แ€šแ€กแ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ‚”แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€œแ€กแ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ€žแ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ€กแ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€šแ€žแ‚”แ€›แ‚• แพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€…แ€šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€šแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ€กแ€แ‚•แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ€žแ€€โ€ฆแ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€˜แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€œ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€’แ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€แ€šโ€ฆแ‹แ€แ€แ€ซแ€แ€แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€…แ€œแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€™แ€› แ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€› แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€•แ€žแ‚”แ€†แ€€ แ€Šแ€Šแ€ธแ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€žแ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€„แ€œแ€„แพแ€€แ€แ€šโ€ฆแ‹แ€žแ‚”แ€€โ€ฆ แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€žแ€” แ€œแ‚” แ€ฑแ€แšแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ€žแ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€žแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌโ€œแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„โ€โ€ฆ แ€แ‚”แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€แ€šโ€ฆแ‹ แ‹

aebkef;vwf02.10.2011 (Sunday) 18:20

( แ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ โ€ฆ แ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€› )

ChairmanDr. Zaw Htun

PublisherMaung Maung Kyi

[email protected]

Executive EditorGyiSoe

[email protected](213) 422 2307

EditorsMoe Thet Ko

Min Thwe ThitSaung Oo PanLwin SaeLae

Design DirectorKai

[email protected]

Circulation TeamMaung Maung Kyi

Nilar SeinSusan

Misty & Ryan

Advertising DirectorNilar Sein

(626) 506 [email protected]

Insurance CarrierEversafe Insurance Agency

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แ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€œ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€กแ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€€ แ‚€ แ€€ แ€€ แ‚ แ€… แ€ž แ€€ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€› แพ แ€€ แ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€„แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€แ€šแ€œ แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€š แ€œ แ€ป แ€– แ€ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€ž แ€œ แ€† แ€ แ€ป แ€– แ€ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€• แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€š แ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . . . แ€แ€€ แ€žแ€œแ€แ€…แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€ธ แ€œ แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€œแ€• แ€ซแ€• . . . แ€š แพ แ€€ แ€Š แ€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ€• แ€ แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€“แ€€ แ€แ‚ แ€„แ€›แ€Š แ€… แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€… แ€แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ€œ แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ซแ€ธ แ€ž แ€„ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€’แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€™แ€™แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€—แ€ธแ€™......

Page 11: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

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แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ…แ€ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€› แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€…แ€›แ€แŠ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€„ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€†แ€„แ€กแ€แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€แฝแ€ผแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€•แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€กแŠ แ€กแ€แ€แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€แ€‘แ€ผแ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แพแ€€แ€†แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€•แ‚แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€…แ€›แ€ แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€แ€€แแ€แ€แ€€แ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€†แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แแ„แ‹ แ€กแ€„แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ‚แ‹ แ€šแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แแˆแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€‚แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แƒแ‹ แ€—แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ‚แ‚แ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€‡แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ„แ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€šแ€›แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ‚แ‰แ‹ แ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€’แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ…แ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แƒแแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€œแ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ†แ‹ แ€”แ€—แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แƒแ„แ‹ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ‡แ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ„แ€แ‹ แ€€แ€šแ€œแ€–แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แˆแ‹ แ€€แ€œแ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€’แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ„แ…แ‹ แ€”แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€’แ€ซแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ‰แ‹ แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ฌแ€‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ„แ‡แ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แแ€แ‹ แ€แ€„แ€šแ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ„แ‰แ‹ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–- แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€„แ†แ€แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€‚แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ†แ…แ€™แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ†แ…แ€™แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€œแ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ†แ…แ€™แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€œแ€–แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€„แ‡แ€แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€’แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€„แ‡แ€แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€‡แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ‡แ…แ€™แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€”แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€’แ€ซแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ‡แ…แ€™แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€†แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ‡แ…แ€™แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€†แ€• (แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€ปแ€™แ‚”)- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€„แˆแ€แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š- แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€„แˆแ€แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€†แ€•Highway130-แแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แˆแ…แ€™แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธ

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Time แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„แ€ธ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€‘แ€ผแ€„แ€™แ‚ˆ แ‚แ…

(1) Indoor Clouds(2) The Civilization Starter Kit(3) The Motion-Activated Screwdriver(4) LiquiGlide(5) OraQuick Home HIV Test(6) Eliodomestico Solar Water Distiller(7) Enable Talk Gloves(8) Techpet(9) Nike Flyknit Racer(10) Self-inflating tires(11) Bounce Imaging(12) Body Armor for Women(13) Sony RX100 Digital Camera(14) Wingsuit Racing(15) Google Glass(16) The MakerBot Replicator 2(17) Baxter(18) The Switchblade Drone(19) The Tesla Model S(20) A Drifting Fish Farm(21) NASAโ€™s Z-1 Space Suit(22) Element 113(23) The Deepsea Challenger Submarine(24) Bahar Towers(25) The Curiosity Rover

Page 12: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012urร‡mhjrefrmowif;'dkif,m&D

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› G E แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€„แ€‚ แ€„แ€”แ€šแ€ฌแ€แ€• แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธ (แƒ) แ€ฅแ€ธแ€€ แ€˜แ€‚ แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€› แ€” แ€„แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€… แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€€แ€” แ€›แ€Ÿแ€„แ€‚แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ธ ARNO แ€€ แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€šแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•แ€‚แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€˜แ€€แ€€ แ€›แ€€แ€กแ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€žแ€แ€™แ€› แ€• แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ€แ‹ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€แ‚แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ‚ˆ (IAPP) แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€›แ€” แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธ Institue of Interna-tional Education แ€€ แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€„แ€แ€” แ€’แ€…แ€™ American University แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€œ (แ‰) แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ‰ แ‹ แ€‚ แ€• แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€™ แ€”แ€•แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€’แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€ž แ€แ€ฑ แ€œ แฝ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€› แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑ แ€” แ€› แ€• แ€… แ€ผ แ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€ผ แ€ซ แ€‘ แ€ผ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ธ แ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€› แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€” แ€› แ€ž แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€Šแ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€€แ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€… ( UNFC) แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€šแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€Šแ‚แ‚ˆแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธ แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แˆ แ‹ แ€‚ แ€• แ€” แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ†แแ… แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€™ แ€Š แ€ž แ€œ แ€ แ€ซ แ€… แ€€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€‡ แ€” แ€ แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แŠ แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€… แ€€ แ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ž (แแ„) แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€‘แ€Š แ€ฑแ€–แšแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แŠ แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แฟแ€–แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ‡ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ แ€• แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แ€… แ€• แ€™แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„ แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€” แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ‚ แตแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€” แ€ป แ€– แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€” แ€Šแ€ธ แ€• แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€กแ‚ แตแ€šแ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’ แšแ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„ แ€† แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แพ แ€€ แ€Š แ€€ แ€ แ€€ แ€ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ‚ แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ† แ‹ แ€žแ€™ แผแ€ แ€กแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ แ€œ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€… แฅ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€– แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€” แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€ก แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€› แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ(แ€กแ€ฌแ€†แ€š) แ€กแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ…แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„แ€„แ แ€œแ€€แ€›

แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€„ แ€ แ€€ แ€ป แ€– แ€„ ( แ แ€ ) แ‚ แ€… แ€”แ€ธ แ€• แ€ซแ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€†แ‚” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ‚”แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€€ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ„แ‹ แ€กแ‚แตแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€œแ€› P l e na r y แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€™แŒ แ€šแ€ฑแ€” แ‚” แ€ป แ€• แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€‚แ€แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ผ แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Š แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€œแ€› แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Š (แแƒแ€) แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แƒ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€€ แ€œ แ€Š แ€• แ€ แ€™ แ€Š แ€š แ€ก แ€€ แ€… แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€กแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ธ แ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธ แ€›แ€€ แ€–แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€† แ€›แ€” แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ Freedom House แ€ฑแ€แšแ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‚แ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€• แ€ฅแ€€แ€Œ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€Š แ€• แ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€ แ€”แ€ก แ€ป แ€•แ€Š แ€ป แ€•แ€Š แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€†แ€•แ€™ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€™แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€กแ‚แตแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ‚” แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ แ‹ แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€› แ€แ€€ แ€žแ€œ Un i ve r s i t y o f Os l o แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ‚‘ แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€™ แ‚‡แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€› แ€ผ แ€€แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€Šแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€›แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แซแ‚แ‚ˆแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ€แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แŠ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€Š Miss Diaspora Models 2012 - 2013 International Beauty Competition แฟแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ž แ‚แ€„แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ฌ (แ€šแ€™แ€™แ€ธ)แ€€ People's Choice แ€† แ€›แ€›แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‰แ‹ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ‚แ€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ธแ€™แ€กแ€™แ€™ แ€’แ€€แกแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€• แ€›แ€” แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œแ€”แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€…แŠ แ€‚แ€ฌแ€™แ€แŠ แ€‚แ€•แ€”แŠ แ€แ€›แ€€แŠ แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€ธแ€œแŠ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€’แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€—แ‚แ€„ แ€ก แ€‚ แ€… แ€ž แ‚แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€ธแ€ แ€ผ แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แˆแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€œ แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ž แ€€ แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€

แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€แ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ฌแ€†แ€šแ แ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€• แ€ซ แ€ก แ€ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ž แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€…แฅแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€„แ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€’แ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‡ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€… แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€•แ€ธ แ€ แ€ผแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€› แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€Š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‡แ€” แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€…แฅแ€€ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€แ€šแ€žแ€™ แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ€‘ แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ แ€• Y in luck Shinawatra แ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€ แพแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€… แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€• แ€ แ€• แ€… แ€™ แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ - แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ†แ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แˆแˆ แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€› แ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแŠ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ…แ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ‚แ€แ€แˆ แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€” แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€„ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ป แ€™ แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€–แ€œ แ€šแ€• แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€…แ€แ‚•แ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€…แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€„แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ„แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ‚ แ€„ แ€žแ€แ€™แ€” แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€•แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€’แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ‚แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ผ แ€žแ€แ€™แ€” แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€…แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒแ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แˆแˆ แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚•แ€žแ€Š แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€•แ€แ€˜แ€›แ€แ€›แ€„แŠ แ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แฟแ€™ แ‚•แŠ Holiday Inn แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€† แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€’แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ผ แ€” แ€› แ€€ แ€ แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ‚” แ€ก แ‚€ แ€€ แ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑ แ‚ แ€ฌ แ€– แ€œ แ€š แ€• แ€ผ แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ - แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€…แ€• แŠ แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€˜แ€€แŠ แ€–แ€แ€–แ€›แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ‚แ€„ แ„แ‚ แ€€แ€œแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™ แ€™แ€œแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€™แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€€ iPad tablet แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌ แ‰แ แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€™ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‹ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€˜แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ธ แˆแ€ แ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€› แ€–แ‚”แ€ผแฟแ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒแแ‹ แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€”แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€• แ€ซแ€ KNPP แ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€…แ€ธ แ€›แ

urร‡mhjrefrm owif;'dkif,m&Drif;vuf pkaqmif;wifjyonf

A 12

pmrsufESm 13 odk h

Page 13: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012

แ€กแ€•แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ แ€›แ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ (แ†) แ€œแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€… แ€˜ แ€€ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€ แ€Š แ€ แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€˜แ€€แ€™ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿ KCSN แ€กแ€– แ€ผแ‚•แ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€€แŒ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒ แ€ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ป แ€• แ€” แ€œ แ€Š แ€ž แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Š แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธ แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แŠ แ€€ แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™ แ€• แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€• แ€ผแ€แ€… แ€แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฌแ€†แ€š แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ธแ€แ€• แ€†แ€›แ€„แ€•แ€…แ€†แ€แ€™แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ‰ แ‹ แ€‚ แ€• แ€” แ€” แ€• แ€ผ แ€” แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€’แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ‚แ€„ แ€Šแ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€€แ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€… (UNF) แ€แ‚”แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ€‚แ€•แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ U F P แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€› แ€ž แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ แ€ผ แ€” แ€ฅ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แˆ แ‹ แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€” แ€š แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€•แ€‹แ€•แ€€แกแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€…แ€ผแ€” แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€• แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€› แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€œแ€žแ€™แ€‚แข แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แฟแ€–แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€€แ€…แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‡แ‹ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€ž แ€• แ€™ แ‚แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€” แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€

แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ One Kachin Youth Conference แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€–แ€›แ€„แ€แ€›แ€•แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แŠ แ€€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€• แฟ แ€™ แ‚•แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แƒ แ€›แ€€แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ†แ‹ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€•แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€œแ€แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚”แ€…แ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€šแ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธ (แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€Š Chaiwat Pornsakulpaisal) แ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ€šแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€™แ€ธแ€šแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ แ€ซแ€ธ แ€‘ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€˜แ€แ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚” (ONCB) แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ…แ‹ แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€› แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ‚ แ€„แ€› แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€– แ€„ แ€œ แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ก แ€‘ แ€€ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€–แ€„แ€œแ€”แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€… FRC แ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ- แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€…แ€• แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€…แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€” แ€กแ€‘แ€€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€œ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ฑแ€€ แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ„แ‹ แ€ แ€€แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ‚แ€„แ€„ แŠ แ€•แ€›แ€€แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€žแ€ธแ€›แ€€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€šแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แแ† แ‚€แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ Forum 2000 แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แƒแ‹ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” KIO แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€ แ€• แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€› แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€‡แ€œแ€” แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ The Gage แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€™ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€’แ€€แกแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ€ผแ€š แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€›แ€›แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌ แ€›แ€›แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€กแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€›แŠ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€€ แ€… แฅ แ€› แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‚แ‹ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€›แ€• แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€™ แ€„ แ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€” แ€‘ แ€„ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€› แ‚Š แ‚•แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€žแ€„แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€ก แ€† แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€• แ‚ แ€„ แ€™ แ€Š แ€” แ€Šแ€ธ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ป แ€– แ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€› แ€ฑแ€† แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ผแ€ธ แ€• แ€ผ แŒ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€Œแ€ฌแ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แแ‹ แ€‚แ€•แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€กแ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€Š Miss International แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€ฅ แฟแ€• แ€„แ€žแ€Š Miss Myanmar แ€•แ€กแ€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ž แ€”แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€‡แ€šแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š People Choice Award แ€†แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธ (Miss Internet) แ€† แ€›แ€›แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ€แ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ ( แ‚ แ€ ) แ€› แ€€แ€ฑ แ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€” แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌ แ€€ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€› แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€” แ€› แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€” แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌ แ€€ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€› OIC แ‚แ€ธแ€› แ‚•แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€†แ‚ แตแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€• แ€ผ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแŠ NCUB แŠ IFBNC แŠ Burma Today แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€›แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€› แ€œแ€ฌ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€” แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ (แ…แ€)แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€Š (แ)แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€†แ‚แตแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€‘แ€แ€แพแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‰แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€™ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€… แ€… แ€ แ€• แ แ€ก แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€€ แ‚‘ แ€ก แ€• แ€ซ แ€ก แ€ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€• แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€กแ€™แ€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€’แ€›แ€…แ€™แ€…แ€แ€šแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแˆแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€ฑแ€ แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’ แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€„ แ€ แ€˜ แ€€ แ€˜ แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€’ แ€œ แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š Forum 2000 แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ก แ‚€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€˜ แ€ แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚• แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌ แฟ แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ Forum 2000 แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ‡ แ‹ แ€‚ แ€• แ€” แ€” แ€„ แ€„ แŠ แ€ก แ€†แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€› แ€„ แŠ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก ( S a k a i ) แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ‚€ แ€€ แ€ธ แ€• แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€› แ€ผ แ€€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€‚ แ€ แ€ป แ€• แ€ž แ€Š แ€‚แ€แ€‘แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€† แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ†แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ แ€œ แ‚” แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€• แ€แ€žแ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€…แ€€ แ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€€แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€แ€”แ€กแ€‘ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ‚แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€† แ€€ แ€… แ€•แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€› แ€ผ แ€€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€ป แ€• แ€” แ€œ แ€Š แ€… แ€ แ€„ แ€™ แ€Š แ€™ แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€„แ€แ€‚แ€ผแ€”แ€…แ€…แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€แ€•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ… แ‹ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ แ€„ แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€€ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ„ แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€™แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€’แ€‡แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแ„ แ€›แ€€ แ€™แ€แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€•แ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แŽแ€แ‚”แ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€• แ‚”แ€แ€›แ€–แ€ผแ€šแ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€… แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ„แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€–แ€€แ€ปแ€แ€™แ€ธ แŠ Delaware แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€†แ€ธ แ€ก แ‚€ แ€€ แ€™ แ€ป แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€Š แ€€แ€šแ€แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€… แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€• แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Š (Mixed Martial Arts) แฟแ€• แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€ แ€„ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€กแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€›แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แƒ แ‹ แ€€ แ€™ แปแ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€” แ€ป แ€– แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑ แพ แ€€ แ€ผแ€ธ แฟ แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€• แ€…แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ แ€ป แ€• แ€ป แ€• แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€šแ€แ€‘แ€€แ€• แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‚แ€•แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€แ€€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€› แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€˜แ€ แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’ Jim Yong Kim แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‚ แ‹ แ€‚ แ€•แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แŠ แ€…แ€ธแ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ก แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€แ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€ธแฟแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€… แ€› แ€” แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€› แ€ผ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€™ แ€Š แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‚ แ€•แ€” แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€€

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แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ แ‹ แ€˜ แ€‚ แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€• แ€„ แ€œ แ€šแ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ป แ€– แ€…แ€ฑ แ€• แšแ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€”แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ซแ€ธ แ€– แ€™แ€ธ แ€… แ€€แ€ฑแ€œ ( แƒแ† ) แ€…แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ‚แˆแ‰) แ€ฅแ€ธแ€€ แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€’แ€ แ‚• แ€”แ€šแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€•แ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€™ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ€ แ‹ แ€ แ‚ แ€ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แŒ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€œแ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€— แ€œแ€™ แ‚‰แ€ธ แ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌ (แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ‰แƒ แ‚แ€…) แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€™แ€„แ€ธ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แŠ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ‚ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‰แ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ‚ แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€™ แผแ€แ€ฆแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€˜แ€แ‚แ€„ แ€†แ€ธแ€œแฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ‚แ€™แ‚ˆแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แˆแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แŠ แ€ แ€€ แ€† แ€€ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€” แ€š แŠ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฌ แ€› แ€œ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€› แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€‘ แ€› แ€ แ€ซ แ€’ แ€— แ€’ แถ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ก แ€ž แ€„แ€ธ แ แ‚ แ€… แ€• แ€ แ€œ แ€Š แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€… แ€Šแ€ธ แ€• แ€… แ€Šแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€กแ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€—แ€Ÿแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ แ€ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€› แ€ผแ€ธ แ€ แ€š แ€ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€• แ€ผ แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€œ แฟแ€™ แ‚• แŠ แ€ฑแ€‡แ€šแ€žแ€ แ€“แ€™แผแ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‡แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€› แ€” แ€š แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ แ€• แ€ก แ€›แ€ฌ แ€› แ€ก แ€† แ€„ แ€ แ‚” แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€›แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€—แ€’แถแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€—แ€’แถแ‚แ€•แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ธ แ‚ แ‚ˆ แ‚• แ€– แ€€ แ€†แ€ธ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แŠ แ€• แ€… แฅ แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฅ แ€… แฅแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€šแ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€…แ€•แ€œแ€ฅแ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ†แ‹ แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€ž แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€ แ€• แ€™ แ€˜ แ€‚ แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€’ แ€› แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€… แ€… แ€แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ž แ€› แ€— แ€’ แถ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€˜ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€• แ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€† แ€œ แ€„ แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€แ€™ แ‚ˆแ‚ แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€› แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€‘แ€ž แ‚” แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ‚”แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ…แ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€แ‚แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€› Child Development Center - CDC แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ (แˆ) แ‚€แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€…แ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€€แฟแ€™แ€€แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ„ แ‹ แ€ก แ‚ แตแ€šแ€›แ€แ€• แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€™ แ€– แ€™แ€ธ แ€†แ€ธ แ€› แ€™ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ซ แ€’ แ€ž แ€• แ€” แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€€ แŽ แ€ แ‚” แ‚ แ€„ แ€ก แ€ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€† แ€Šแ€ธ แ€› แ€™แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€• M-16 แ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€แ€แ€…แ€œแ€€แ‚ แ€„ แฟแ€— แ€แ€”แ€œแ€• แ€€แ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ‚Œแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€™ แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ป แ€–แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€† แพ แ€€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€Ÿ แ€‚แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€›แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€แ€•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒ แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚แ€…แ€–แ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€›แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€•แ€‚แข แ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€œแ€” แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แŠ แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ€’แ€…แ€› Johns Hopkins แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ€›แ€€แ€™ แƒ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€‘ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‹ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ‚€แ€€แ€Š แ€ž แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€… แŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€”แ€‚แ€œแ€…แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ (แƒ) แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€”แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‹ แ‚แ€แแ… แ€แ‚แ€… แ€กแ€ฌแ€†แ€š แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ (ASEAN Economic Community- AEC) แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€€แ€แ€„แ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ€…แ€€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ‚ แ€„แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€› แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒแ€ แ‹ แ€›แ€ แ€„แ€ฑแ€ แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€™ แ‚• แ€› แ€›แ€แ€„แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€•แ€ผ แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€›แ€•แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‰แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€› แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ แ€ผ แ‚•แ€† แ€• แ€ผ แ€€ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€™ แผแ€ แ€ก แ‚€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ป แ€– แ€… แพ แ€€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€œ แ‚ˆแ€„แ‚แ€„ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚ŠแŠ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€… แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€žแ€กแ€™แ€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ผ แ€ แ‚” แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ (แˆแ€) แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แˆ แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€™ แ‚• แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€› แ€ฑแ€” แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€šแ€„แ€œแ€• แ€›แ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€‘แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แ€ แ‚” แ€ž แ€Š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€š แ€ฑ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€† แ€• แ€€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€… แ€™ แ€€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€Ÿแ€” แ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„แ€แ€„แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€Š แ‚ แ‚ˆ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€แ€›แ€• แ€€ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ธ แ€ แ€ผ แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€… แ€Šแ€ธ แ€› แ€” แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‡แ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€” แฟ แ€• แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€ž แ€Š แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€›แ€” แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€œแ€žแ€™แ€‚แข แ€กแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ†แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€šแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€€แ€œแ€„แ€แ€”แ€€ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€•แ€Š แ€™ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ž แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€€ แ€” แ€• แ€… แฅ แ€Šแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€• แ€ แ€ž แ€€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ž แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€” แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ แ€† แ‚” แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ… แ‹ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€… แ€ก แ€œ แ€š แ€• แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€„แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ (Indiana)แŠ แ€กแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ธ (Ohio) แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€œแ‚แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ (Illinois) แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€„แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ„ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แŠ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€Š (แ†แ‡) แ‚€แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€žแ€™แ€‚แข แ€กแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€ แ€€ แ€› แ€” แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€™ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แƒ แ‹ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แŠ แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแฟแ€™แ€„แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€žแ‚” แ€แ€€แ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€•แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€šแ€แ€œ (แ‚แˆ) แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€ผแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‚ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€™ แ‚• Queens College แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แแ‹ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ แ€ซแ€„ แ€ป แ€™แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แคแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ž แ€ž แ€š แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€ แ€› แ€ž แ€ฑ แ€› แ‚Š แ‚€ แ€ แ€‚แ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ž แ€‚แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€™แ€ธ แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ…) แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แŽแ€ แ‚”แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ก แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€› แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œ แ€œแ€€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€แ€›แ€แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ€แ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„-แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€แ‚แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€› แ‚Š แ‚•แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€› แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€› แ€› แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‰แ‹ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Š แ€ž แ€Š แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€’ แ€™ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€› แ€…แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ‚€ แ€€ แ€ธ แ€• แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ แ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ‚‡ แ€„ แ€ž แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ผ แ€” แ€‚ แ€› แ€€ แ€œ แ‚Š แ€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ แ€‚แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€แ€›แ€šแ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€˜แ€›แ€€แ€ แ€กแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแˆแ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€„แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‚ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€™ แแ„ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€‘ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€• แ€ž แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑ แ€› แ‚•แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€› แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€›แ€™แ แ€”แ€แ€™แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚แ€„แ€€ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€„แ€žแ€…แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€€แ€แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‡ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€ แ€ซแ€› แ€„แ€แ€”แ€’แ€… แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ† แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚”แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€š (แ…) แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€œแ€‘แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ปแ€• แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€แ€„ (แแ‡) แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แŠ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€€แ€žแ€ (แƒ) แ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š Lo-cal Government Development Training แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€„แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€žแ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ… แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€€ แ€„ แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แ แ‰ แˆ แ‚ แ€ แ€” แ€… แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€ฅแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€• แ€• แ€ซ แ€œ แ€™ แ€” แ แ€ แ€€ แ€ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€€ แ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ‚แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€’ แ€™ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€› แ€…แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€œ แ‚ˆ แ€• แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€•แ€šแ€แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ„ แ‹ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€€แ€„ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€• แ€› แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€‘แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ปแ€• แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚•แ€แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€› แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€…แ€›แ€•แ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€„แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแƒแ‹ แ€…แ€„ แฟ แ€• แ€„แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ (แ‚แ€) แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€•แ€แ€Šแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€แ€ซแ‚แ€„แ€แ€” แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€… แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Š แ€ผ แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› ( N C G U B ) แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‚แ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ž แ‚”แ€œ แ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’ แ€žแ€› แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ‚Šแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แฟแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” แ€แ€…แ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€€ แ€–แ€œแ€…แ€•แ€„แŠ แ€—แ€šแ€€แ€”แ€™แŠ แ€กแ€„แ€’แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€แ€›แ€แŠ แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแปแ€’แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€œ แ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€š (แ‚แ€) แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š (ICAPP) แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€› แ‚ แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแแ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€กแ€œแ€šแ€•แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€”แ€แ€”แ€˜แ€›แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€› แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€› แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€œ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€– แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€–แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ ( แ„ แ‚ ) แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ€แ‹ แ€›แ€ แ€„ แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€– แ€ผแ€š แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€› แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€€แ€œแ€„แ€แ€” แ€ฑแ€…แ€œ แ‚Šแ€ แ€œ แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ (แ„) แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‰แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ฅ แ€ แ€™ แ€• แ€œ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ž แ€Š ( แ‡ แƒ ) แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™แ‚•แŠ แ€˜แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€แ€›แ€™แ€› แ€แ€•แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€™แ€ธ แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ (แˆแ€แ€) แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แˆแ‹ แ€แ€›แ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€šแ€”แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแŠ แ€€แ€™แ€„แ€ธ แฟแ€™ แ‚• แŠ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€› แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ แ€šแ€ฑ แ€” แ€ž แ€Š แ€›แ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ธ แ€€ แ€• แ€ แ€„ แ€— แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แ€€ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ป แ€• แ€” แ€œแ€ฌ แ€› แ€” แ€–แ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‡แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€…แ€”แ€… แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€•แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€• แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€šแ€ฅแฟแ€•แ€ธ

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แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€กแ€แ€”แ€€แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€€แ€™แ€…แ€แ€กแ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€…แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚”แ€†แ€œแ€„ Recycleแ€†แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜ แ€€แ€”แ€…แ€†แ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€„ แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แŠ 7/11แ€œแ€…แ€แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌsquareแ€ฑแ€แšแ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€•แ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€œแ€แ€„แ€œแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€šแ€ฅ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€„ แ‚”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€‘แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚”แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€œแ€„ แ€žแ€•แ€žแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€›แ€•แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€›แŠแ€–แ€”แ€•แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€”แ€„แ‚”แ€แ€…แ€แ€‘แ€แ€แ€™แ€žแŠ แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€”แ€šแ€™แ€žแ€—แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€†แ€„แ‚”แ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ‚”แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€…แ€แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚”โ€œแ€€แ€œแŠแ€€แ€œโ€แ€ปแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€žแŠ แ€†แ€„แ€•แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€”แŠแ€œแ€€แ€แ‚แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แŠ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€…แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€”แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ‚•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€™แ€™แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€†แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€–แ€”แŠแ€กแ€œแ€™แ€”แ€šแ€™แŠแ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€… แ€žแ€•แ€žแ€•แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€แ€…แ€–แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€‘แ€Šแ‚”แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€แ€”แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€žแ€„แ‚”แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€œแ€€แ€‘แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€„ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€€ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€œแ€€แ€แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€•แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€—แ€ธแ€แ€—แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ…แ€†แ€„แ‚”แ‚แ‚ˆแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€”แ€šแ€™แ€—แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€œแ€„ แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€€แ.แ‰แ‰แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแŠแ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€—แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€œแ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€€แแ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแŠแ€–แ€”แ€—แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€œแ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€€แแ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ผ แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚”แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€žแ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€–แ€„แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€šแ€ฌแ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€–แ€”แ€•แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€ผ แŠแ€กแ€œแ€™แ€”แ€šแ€™แ€—แ€ธแ€ แ€ผ แŠแ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€—แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€Šแ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€แ€…แ€–แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€ฑ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ แ‚”แแ€…แ€ผแ€” แ‚”แ€•แ€… แ€•แ€… แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€‘แ€แ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€…แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€€แ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠแ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแแ€แ€šแ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ Recycleแ€•แ€… แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€Šแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผ แ€”แ€แ€”แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€• แ€„แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ‚”แ€แ€•แ€†แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€”แ€กแ€•แ€ผแ€„ แ‚” แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แพแ€€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ แ€›แ€ŠแŠแ€˜แ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€”แ‚”แ€†แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚• แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚”แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€’แ€œ แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€›แ‹แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€›แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€–แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Recycleแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€…แ€แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€“แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠแ€€แ€™แแ€™แ€แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€…แ€•แ€›แแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ Recycleแ€œแ€•แ€œแ‚”แ€› แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€—แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€แ€แ€แ€šแ€œแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌCRVแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซ แ€žแ€Šแ‹ Recycleแ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€†แ€•แ€žแ€ฑแ€€แคแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€แพแ€แ€‚แ€•แ€žแ‚‘แ€ฌแ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€’แ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ Recycleแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€›แ€Šแ€•แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€…แ€™แ€•แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แŠแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€‘แ€€แ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…โ€œแ€•แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„โ€แ€†แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€†แ€šแ€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€กแ€ แ€›แ€Šแ€•แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠแ‚ แ‚” แ€†แ€ แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠแ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€œแ€Š แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Recycleแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแŠแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Recycleแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€˜แ€แ€‘แ€€ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€€แ€†แ€œแ€„ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€แ‚แ€…แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ โ€œแ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€šแ€แ€šแ‹แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€šแ€แ€šโ€แ€†แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ปแ€แ€…แ€ปแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€‘แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šโ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฅแ€ธโ€แ€† แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„แ‚” แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€แ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€™ แ€แ€™แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€œ แ€™แ€€แ‚แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€•แ€žแ‚”แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ‹แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€กแ€™แ€†แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ‚Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€แ€žแ€€แ€œแ€แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€šแŠแ€แ€”แ€…แ€†แ€š แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€กแ€˜แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€˜แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€’แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€™แ€šแ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€กแ€žแ€€ แ€†แ€šแ‚แ€…แ€†แ€šแ‚”แ‚แ€…แ‚แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€’แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€€แ€แ€‘แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ โ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฅแ€ธโ€แ€œแ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแ€œแ€€แ‹แพแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€”แ€…แ€‘แ€•แŠแ€›แ€… แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠแ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‚แ€›แ€™แ€…แ€€แ€˜ แ€žแ€แ€žแ€แ€žแ€แ€žแ€แ€แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€šแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠแ€•แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€กแพแ€€แ€Šแ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚”แ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€€แ€™แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ‹แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€žแ€แ‚”แแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€žแŠแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€†แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€†แ€œแ€„ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€™แ€Šแ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€›แ€œแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€”แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€Šแ€‘แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€šแ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€กแ€’แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ‚”แ€™แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ‹แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€›แ€แ‚”แ‹แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€†แ€šแ‚แ€…แŠแ€†แ€šแ‚”แ€แ€…แ‚แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€โ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€€แ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€„โ€œแ€’แ€แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€•แ€€แ€†แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ‹แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€…แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€–แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€œโ€แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผ..แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€’ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€€ แ€’แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€™แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€€แ€™แ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€แ‚”แแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ แ€”แ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพ แ€€แ€ธแ แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€‘แ€Š แ‚” แŠแ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ‚แ€„ แ‚” แ€แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ‚”แ€œแ€€แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ธแŠแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€€แ€แ€”แ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€œ แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€˜แ€€แ€€แ€€แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€”แ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€…แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ แ‚”แแ€™แ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€แ€‘แ€€แ€‘แ€กแ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€†แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€แ€šแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€กแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€แ‚”แแ‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€‘แ€•แ€…แ€‘แ€Šแ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ธ

โ€œแ€กแ€…แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ‚”แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌโ€แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธ แ€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‚”แ€› แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€žแ€ แ‚”แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ธแ€Šแ€…แ€Šแ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚ แ€„ แ‚” แ€…แ€ผแ€•แ€€แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€„แ‚แ€„ แ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€†แ€šแ€แ€”แŠแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€แ€”แŠแ€แ€…แ€€แ€•แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€‘แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€Šแ‚ˆแ€ธแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€€แ€แ€แ€ผแ€แ€แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€€แ€‘แ€™ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€…แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€แ€แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€œ

โ€œแ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€™แ€› แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚”แ€˜แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ‹แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚”โ€แ€† แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ‚ แ‚”แ€†แ€—แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ‚”แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€Šแ€ฅแ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€’แ€„แ€ž แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€‘แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€แ€– แ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€šแ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€‚แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€ แคแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆแ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€แ€€แ€™แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Recycle แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€Šแ€ฌแ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‹แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€€แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ‚แ‚ˆแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€€แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€•แ€…แ€‘แ€Šแ‚”แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€†

แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€€แ€„แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€“แ€แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€Šแ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ‚”แ€แ€ซแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€€แ€™แแ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ โ€œแ€กแ€…แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ‚”แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‹แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€’แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€•แ€แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€•แ€•แ€›แ€›แ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€”แ€•แ€ž แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแแ€™แ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€กแพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€™แ‚”แ€™แ€›แ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€žแ€„แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ‚”แแ€™แ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€แ‚”แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€™แ€แ€„แ€™แ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€กแ€€แ€„แ‚”แŠแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แšแ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ‚ˆแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„แ‚”แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€€แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€…แ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€”แ€„แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€œแ‚”แ€€แ€„แ‚”แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€˜ โ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€šแ‹แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธโ€แ€Ÿแ€†แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€™แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€™แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€šแ€€แ€™แ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ‹

Recyc l eแ€•แ€… แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€… แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ แ€ผแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€™แ€แ€ แ€”แ€‘ แ€™ แ€แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€€แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แšแ€žแ€œ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„แ€Ÿแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€„แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€‘แ€…แ€ฅแ€€แ€žแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€†แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„ แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ŠแŠแ€•แ€”แ€•แ€”แ€™แ€™แŠแ€†แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„แ‚” แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌRecycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€™แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแŠแ€•แ€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€žแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€…แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€†แ€ผแ€†แ€ผแ€„แ€„แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€žแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€’แ€กแ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ‚” แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€™แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€›แ€˜ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

โ€œแ€’แ€”แ€กแ€ธแ€’แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€šแ€แ€šแ‹แ‚แ‚”แ€†แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€šแ€แ€šแ‹แ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€šแ€แ€šแ‹แ€˜แ€€แ€‘แ€กแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€šแ€แ€šโ€แ‹แ€˜แ€€แ€‘แ€›แ€กแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€†แ€€แ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€€แ€‘แ€กแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€กแ€žแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€žโ€œแ€แ€šแ€แ€š

โ€แ€†แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซ โ€œแ€แ€šโ€ฆแ€’แ€šโ€แ€Ÿแ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€žแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€„ แ‚” แ€†แ€ผแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€†แ€šแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€˜แ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€‘แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€—แ€Ÿแ€žแ€แ€›แ€žแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€žแ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€‚แ€ซแ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ‚”แ‚•แ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€šแŠแ€•แ€แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€žแ€•แ€–แ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ

โ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€–แ€แ€– แ‚”แ€—แ€ฌโ€แ€Ÿแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€™แ€™ แ€žแ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€œแ€œ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€€แ€แฝแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€šแ€•แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ‚”แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ โ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€—แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„แ€แ‚”แ€’แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€™แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜แ€ธโ€แ€Ÿ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€แ€แ€ซแ€แ€› แ…แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€žแ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€‚แ€ซแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€แ€œแ€€ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€‘แ€‘แ€Š แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ€œแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€…แ€แ€†แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ‚”แ€—แ€ฌแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ‚”แ€™แ€šแ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€›แ€˜แ€ธโ€แ€Ÿแ€Šแ€Šแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€กแ€แ€€แ€…แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€‘แ€แ€กแ€”แ€›แ€›แ€€แ€…แ€แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€‘ แ€„แ€แ€แ€แ€‘แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„แ€€แ€žแ‚”แ€…แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ€žแ‚”แ€„แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

โ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€’แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€„แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€ธ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€ป แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€• แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€— แ€ฌ แ‹ โ€แ€ แ€ผ แ€”แ€ธแ€œ แ€Šแ€ธแ€‘แ€€Recyc l eแ€•แ€… แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ แ€ผ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€แ€แ€แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€–แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€’แ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€„ แ€™แ€€แ‚แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€„แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€„แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€šแ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€–แ€œแ€€แ€‘แ€žแ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแ€€โ€œแ€Ÿแ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ‹แ€กแ€ฑแ€–แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ‚ˆแ€•แ€”แ‚”โ€แ€Ÿ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€ธแ€™แ€› แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ‚” แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ‚”Recycleแ€•แ€… แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€• แพแ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€•แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚”แ€‘แ€ธแ€†แ€ผแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€œแ€ แ€…แ€แ€…แ€แ€ผแŠแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€—แ€ธแ€แ€ผแŠแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแŠแ‚ แ‚”แ€†แ€แ€ผแ€€แ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธRecycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€€แ†แ‚แ€…แ‡แ‚แ€…แ€™ แแ†แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€‘ แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€•แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ€แŠแ€‚แ€”แ€กแ€แ€œแ€กแ€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ€•แ€™ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€–แ€ผแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌRecycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€’แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€‘แ€•แ€…แ€‘แ€Šแ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚” แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€แ€แ€แ€แ‚แ€„ แ‚” แ€†แ€Šแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€ แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€€แ€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€… แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ€”แ€แ€…แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€แ€แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€Šแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แŠแ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€™แ€›แ€„แ€œแ€…แ€›แ€„ แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€‘แ€˜แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€…แ€žแ€แ€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€กแ€™แ€›แ€„แ€™ แ€œแ€„ แ€กแ€™แ€›แ€„แแ€†แ€žแ€•แ€žแ€€แ€”แ€†แ€žแ‚แ€„แ‚” แ€กแ€œแ€…แ€žแ€แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ โ€œแ€™แ€›แ€œแ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€—แ€ฌแ‹แ€™แ€›แ€œแ‚”แ€แ€ธแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€—แ€ฌแ‹โ€ แ€†แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€›แ€„แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€†แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€• แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€‘แ€€แ‚”แ€žแ‚” แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ€•แ€™แ€ฌRecycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€…แ€•แ€šแ€•แ€”แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ‚”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€…แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€žแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€„แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€€แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ซแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€ แ‚”แ€€แ€แ€•แ€‘แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€แ€ แ‚”แ€€ แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€แ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ-แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•แ€žแ‚” แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€œแ€œแ€แ€•แ€„แ€ธแŠแ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ€•แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€•แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€แ€•แ€™แ€—แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€…แ€ฅแ€€แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚” แ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€•แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ‚” แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ‹แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€–แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€’แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€€แ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Recycleแ€•แ€… แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€šแ€žแ€Š แ‚” แ€†แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ‚”แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ‚ แ€„ แ‚”แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€›แ€› แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€†แ€„แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€•แ€•แ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€˜ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€„แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€œแ€€แ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€™แ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€˜

แ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€œแ€œแ€แ€แ€†แ€„แพแ€€ แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€žแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€œ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€œแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€”แ€žแ€•แ€žแ€•แ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€… แ€…แ€€แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€—แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€—แ€ธแ€… แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแ€œ แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€ แ€›แ€™แ€€ แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œแ€•แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ Spanishแ€ฑแ€แš แ€™แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€”แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธRecycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€Ÿแ€”แ€œแ€€แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ€€แ€†แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€แ€šแ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€Š แ‚”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€แ€”แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€ผ แ‚ แ€„ แ‚” แ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ‚”แ€œแ€„ แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€”แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€€ แ€’แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€šแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€แ€›แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€˜แ€€แ€• แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€• แ‚”แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€‘Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€แ€…แ€€แŠแ€…แ€€แ€กแ€แŠแ€กแ€แ€›แ€Šแ€—แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€–แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ‚แ€›แ€ฌแ€šแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€€แ€™แ€ แ‚” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€œ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€Š แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€—แ€œแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€กแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€…แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚” แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€แ€›แ€œแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผ แŠแ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€†แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€žแ€„แ‚”โ€ฆแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€›แ€Šแ€–แ€”แ€•แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แแ‚แ‚ˆแ€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€…แ€œแ€€แ€€ แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚” แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€€แ‚แ€„ แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€…แ€• แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€…แ€แ‚”แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€šแ€แ€žแ€แ‚”แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€€ แ€•แ€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€‘แ€”แ€ธ แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€… แ€€แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌ แ€•แ€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€›แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Recycleแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€• แ‚”แ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ‚”แŠแ€กแ€™แ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€ผแ€€ แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ Recycle แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€แ€•แ€แ€€แ‡แ€›แ€€แŠแ€™แ€”แ€€แแ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ…แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€‘ แ€ž แ€ แ‚”แแ€†แ€†แ€Šแ€Š แ€กแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€…แ€Šแ€…แ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€™แ€กแ€™แ‚ แ€„ แ‚” แ€– แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€™แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ‚” โ€œแ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธ แพแ€€ แ€„ โ€แ€กแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€€แ€™แ€กแ€ฑแ€’แšแ€€โ€œแ€Ÿ แ‚”..แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„ แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ‹แ€žแ€’ แ€œแ€˜ แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€”แ€”แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€šแ‹แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€’แ‚ แ€…แ‰แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€„แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€‘แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€กแ€ แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€†แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ‚”แ€‘แ€•แ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€แ€แ€แ€† แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€ฅแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ‹แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€œแ€•แ€แ‚แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ‹แ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€Š แ‚”แ€แ€Š แ‚”แ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œ แ€Š แ‚”แ€œ แ€Š แ‚” แพแ€€แ€Š แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธ แ‹ แ€œแ€แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ‚”แ€แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€แ€šแ€แ€€แ€แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ผแ€œแ€ผ แ€•แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚”แ€› แ€žแ€Šแ€†แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ‚”แ€‘แ€•แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€” แ€‘ แ€„ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ป แ€– แ€…แ€ฑ แ€… แ€€แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฅแ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ‚”แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€œแ€ธแŠแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ‚แ€…แ€˜แ€€แŠแ€œแ€€แ‚แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€› แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ‚แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€€ แ€•แ€„ แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€แ€Šแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€”แ€„แ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚•แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€™ แ€ แ‚”แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€„แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€›แ€€แ€›แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€€แ€™แ€˜แ€šแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€˜แ€™แ€แ€€แ€แ‚”แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ€› แ€„ แ€› แ€• แ€ แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€” แ€› แ€ž แ€Š แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€ แ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€›แ€•แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„ แ‚” แ‚•แ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ก แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ โ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚”แ€— แ€ฌ แ‹ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธ แพ แ€€ แ€„ แ€ แ‚” แ€’แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€™แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜แ€ธโ€แ€Ÿ แ€Šแ€Šแ€ธแ€Šแ€žแ€œแ€œแŠ แ€›แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€œแ‚แ€„แ‚• แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ‚”แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚• แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€†แ€šแ‚”แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ‚แ€…แ€€ แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€„แ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€€ แ€žแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€˜แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€•แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€‘แ€•แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

แ€Šแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ‚แ€แŠแ‚แ€แแ‚

Recycle ESifhusr\udk,fwGif;y#dyuยฉndKcufausmf

Page 16: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012bmoma&;owif;"mwfyHkrsm; A 16

HTAY WIN, MD, FRCSInternal Medicine

1. 3458 Mowry Avenue Fremont, CA 94538

Tel: (510) 509-3304

Tel: (510) 793-1958Tel: (510) 509-3303

2. 27206, Calaroga Ave #201 Hayward CA 94545

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Borad certi๏ฟฝed Internal Medicine

Fax: (510) 723-0362

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แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€• แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ก แ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ผ แ€€ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ‡ แ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€š แแ‚ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€‘ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€แ€ซแ€šแ€™แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€•แ€€แ€š แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€• แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แแ…แ€แ€ แ€แ‚”แ€€แ€…แ€แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€š แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€แ€ซแ€šแ€™

Page 17: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012jrefrmvIyf&Sm;rIowif;rsm; A 17

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Sandi Win Khine Parents: Ko Aung Khine. Ma Khine Khine Win.Address: Arcadia. CA

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แ€กแ€‘ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ Nakhoapa t hom แ€ป แ€™ แ‚• แŒ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Š แแ‡แพแ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€œแ€„แ€š แ€ก แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€• แ€„ แ€• แ€ผ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€„ แ€š แ€ก แ€ž แ€„แ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ แ€ แ€šแ€ฑ แ€” แ€›แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€ผ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€— แ€š แ€€ แ€” แ€™ แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แƒ-แ แ€•แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€กแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€›แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€•แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€™แ€›แ€„แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ

แ€€ แ€-แƒ แ€• แ€ผ แŠ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธ (แ‚) แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ‚-แƒแ€• แ€ผ แ€ป แ€–แ€„ แ€› แ‚ˆแ€ธแ€”แ€™ แ€ป แ€•แ€ธ แ€—แ€šแ€€แ€”แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€€แƒ-แแ€•แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€กแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€…แ€แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

Page 18: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 18ajrmufydkif;u,fvDzdk;eD;,m;vIyf&Sm;rI owif;"gwfyHkrsm;

626-284-4200We Speak English, Spanish, Mandarin, Cantonese & Burmese

Opposite to Monterey Park Medical Plaza

Gum Treatment (Cleaning)Zoom WhiteningFilling Root Canal TreatmentExtractionSpecial Wisdom TeethExtractionCrowns & BridgesImplantsBraces / Invisalign

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Dr. Tin Latt Dr. Hla May Latt

Traditional Othodontic BracesClear Braces (Invisalign)

Advance Zoom WhiteningImplants

Special Discount For:

Cardiz St

Sevilla

DDS,. M.D.Sc.Former Instructor and Assistant Lecturer of University of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar.

DDS,. F.R.S.P.H

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แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€”แ‚” แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€™ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ€กแ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€†แ€”แ€–แ€›แ€”แ€…แ€…แฅแ€€ แ€ฑแ€—แ€ธแ€งแ€›แ€šแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€ธ Little Teatre แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแแ€กแ€•แ€™แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€•แ€ผ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€• แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€ผแ‚แ€„ แ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ/แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€œแ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘แ€™ แ€กแ€œแ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ‡แ€แ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€แ€›แ€› แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ โ™ฆ(แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€•)

แ€†แ€”แ€–แ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€—แ€ธแ€งแ€›แ€šแ€ฌแŠ แ€–แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ‚แตแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€€แ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ผ แ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แŠ แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแƒแ€แ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌ

แ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ƒแ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€• แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€†แ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€Šแ‚‡แ€•แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€€แพแ€€แ€ธ แ€™แ€˜แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€˜แ€ผแ€šแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€•แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌ แ€œแ€’แ€ซแ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€žแ€› แพแ€€แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธ แ€œแ€™แผแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ž แ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€žแ€†แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ โ™ฆ(แ€แ€กแ€œแ€šแ€•)

แ€†แ€”แ€–แ€›แ€”แ€…แ€…แฅแ€€แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€€ Desmond Tan (Burmese Super Star Restaurants แ€•แ€„แ€›แ€„), Philip Maung (Hissho แ€†แ€žแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„/แ€…แ€กแ€ธแ€ก), Frank Chiu แ€†แ€”แ€–แ€›แ€”แ€…แ€…แฅแ€€แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฆแ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ธ (แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธ), Rich Cho (Charlotte Bobcats (NBA) แ€˜แ€แ€…แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ แ€กแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€‚แ€ฌ), แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ€ธ (Maymar Lim แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธ/แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ) แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€˜แ€แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„New Wave Partners แ€™ David Hytha, แ€€แ€šแ€•แ€„แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€šแ€šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ‚แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„ Vincent Win แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€œแ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€—แ€šแ€œแ€™ แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€žแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแแ€ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแŒแ€ฑแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แŒ

แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ‚แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„ แแ€กแ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€›แ€„แ€แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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แ€†แ€”แ€–แ€›แ€”แ€…แ€…แฅแ€€แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แแ€‡แ€”แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€†แ€”แ€–แ€›แ€”แ€…แ€…แฅแ€€แ€ปแ€™แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€Šแ€กแ€™แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ (Sister City) แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ€€แ€”แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ‚แ€„ แ€’แ€‡แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€žแ‚” แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€กแ€•แ€ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผ แ€–แ€›แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€ŠแŠ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แŠ แ€€แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€„แŠ แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€„แŠ แ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแŠ แ€€แ€Šแ€Šแ€žแ€”แ€ธ

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Page 19: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012ema&;ESifh taxGaxG A 19

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แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€‚ แ€œแ€… แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•

Woodland Hills City แ€ฑแ€” แ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ- แ€™แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„แพแ€€แ€Š (แˆแˆแ‚แ€…) แ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚” แ€กแ€œแ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€™ แŒ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแ…แ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแ‡ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แŒ แ€žj*Kร˜[แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€• แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€žแ€‚แคแ€Ÿ แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€…แ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€…แ€žแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…

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แ‚แ€แแ‚แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแ…แ€›แ€€ แ€”แ€”แ€€ แˆแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แแˆแ€™แ€”แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„แŒแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

To my late husband, Capt. John Khin HlaMy beloved husband, Lay Lay...

You are the kind, nice and considerate

person I had ever met in my life. You made me wise, educated

and successful person in this world. I learned from you a lot in many ways.

You were my angel who gave me right directions to develop my inner and outer personal skills. I am pro-tected by you in many ways. You acted like a Sun who gave sunshine to make me grow; you were also like a Moon who gave moonlight to have a peaceful light. I am very fortunate to meet you. I was not yet born when you became

a Captain in your career. I was a year old baby when you got your first marriage. You are 30 years senior than me. No matter how late we met each other, we were sure that it was our destiny. We had qual-ity time together for 24 years. We supported each other, shared and understood each other. We did many good deeds and merits together till your last moment. I have been pleased and proud of you and I always will. You were

wise, nice, kind, considerate and highly educated person who had contributed to many societies and communities. You are not only a good husband but also a responsible son and father to your family too.Even though you are not with us physically from now on, I assure

you that you will live on forever in our hearts. You good deeds will be remembered forever by all concerned societies. Your charitable and meritorious deeds will surely take you to a better life in heaven. Words cannot express how much I am grateful to you for having provided me with security, happiness and a wonderful life. Lay Lay, I love you dearly and you will always be in my heart as long

as I breathe.

Yours,Linda Hla (a) Kyar Nyo Thwe, Hong Kong

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แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแแ€›แ€€ แ€”แ€”แ€€ แ‡แ€ธแ„แ‚ แ€™แ€”แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€˜แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€˜แ€€ แ„แ…แ€™แ€„แŠ แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€ แˆแ‚ แ€™แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€แ€™แ€„แ„แ€แ€› แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ปแ€•แ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€…แ€แ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธ แ†.แˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แ€แ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€œแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ แ‚แ†แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แƒแแ€ฅแ€ธ แ€‘แ€แ€€แ€’แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚”แ€™ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€(แˆแ€แ‡)แ€กแ€†แ€” แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€„แ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€แแ‚แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ‰แ€›แ€€ แ€”แ€”แ€€แ‰แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€”แ€…แ…แ€แŒ แ€…แ€…แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€˜แ€œแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€š แ€แ€•แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€˜แ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†แ€แ€„แ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแƒแ€แ€ผ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†แ€แ€ผ แ‚แ€แ€ผแ€™ แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†แ€šแ€–แ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€•แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€™ แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€žแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€žแ€Š

แ€šแ€–แ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ‚แ€›แ€ฌแ€šแ€€ แ€‚แ€›แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€™แ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€แ€•แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€žแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ†แ‚แ€ฅแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€’แ€ซแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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Page 20: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 20avmhpftdef*svdpfowif;rsm;

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Page 21: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

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Every year my 2 cousins, my brother & I would go to Bagan together when we were young. We had a hotel there so it was easier but until today those were the best days of my life. I loved every moment of it. What TV Channel is your favorite? You like "American

Idol or not? How about America's Next Top Model? I like ABC family. I am not a huge fan of American Idol

and I try to watch American's next top model every chance I get just to pick up tips and learn from it. waeYwaeY tvkyfawG t&rf;rsm;aevdkY orD;taeeJY wDADMunfhzdkY tcsdefr&Sdyg

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Any interest in Reading, Writing, Dancing or Acting? Do you like Burmese Music, Video/Movie?? Any Favorite Burmese/American Musician, Actor, Singer? I love reading, dancing, and acting. Though I am not

the best actress right now, I am taking classes to improve it. I used to watch Burmese movies and listen to Burmese songs all the time when I lived in Burma. It was harder to follow Burmese stars when I got here. I remember listening to Ye lay and Ko Sai Sai all the time when I was young. Here I love Drake, Taylor Swift, Adele, Jay Z and much more. Have you ever been back to Burma for vacation? I am so sad to say I haven't been back in years but

I will next summer. So excited to eat the local food there and visit my relatives. jrefrmjynfudk aemufESpf aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufrSm jyefvnfzdkY tpDtpOf&Sdyg

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What is your favorite Burmese food? What kind of food you like most? Do you do the weight control or eating control? It's my all time favorite food! I love La Phat Tote vufzufokwf?

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Please tell us your short Biography. When did you come to USA? What are the difficulties? My name is Nida Taylor (,rHkrdk;). I live in Queens,

New York. I was born in Mandalay. I am 21 years old and I came here when I was 14. My parents are Daw Moe Myat Nwe and U Nyi Nyi Aung. I graduated from Francis Lewis High School, Fresh

Meadows, New York, 2010 and currently a Fashion Merchan-dising major at FIT (Fashion Institute of Technology) and I work full time as a model. I am considered a petite model here because I am only 5'6" and I weigh 110 lbs. Getting used to a different life style was the biggest challenge I've faced here.tar&dum;a&mufptcsdefrSmtcuftcJtawGUtMuHKawGeJYtckausmif;wufaewJhtawGYtMuHK jrefrmjynfeJYtar&dum;u t&rf;uGmjcm;ygw,f/ jrefrmjynf&JhtdrfrSm

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Studying with working Full time is good or not? I work full time as a model. It's hard when you work

full time and you're always busy but I like being busy so it's okay for me.Can you speak & write in Burmese? I could speak in Burmese but I never attended a

Burmese school therefore cannot write in Burmese. I at-tended Yangon International Educare Centre (International School of Myanmar) from 1st Grade to 7th Grade.What is your ambition? Is that the same ambition as

when you were young? Growing up, I wanted to be a fashion designer. Now

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You like Traveling? Where is your favorite city? I love traveling. That's one of the things I love about

modeling, I always get to travel. I recently visited Chicago for a shoot and I loved it there. It was a perfect balance of NY and suburban. What kind of name brands you like in Fashion, dress,

cosmetics and shoes? BCBG Maxazria, MAC, Forever 21, Zara. Intermix. t0wftpm;udk orD; udk,fhzmomudk,fcsKyf0wfygw,f/ udk,fhpdwfMudKuf'DZdkif;

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Your Cell phone, Notebook (Computer), Tablet ... Iphone, Macbook, & getting a mini iPad for my birthday!

Please compare the freedom of USA &other countries ... I honestly think New York is one of the best cities in the world. Reason being that is because it's liberating. Everything is fast paced, everyone is different and you be-come a whole new person. I live by myself and I miss my parents/baby brother dearly but it's been a good experience. Of course the lifestyle in America is different than the one you have in Myanmar. It's much more conservative there and that's one of the beauties of Myanmar. But America isn't quite bad either. You have the freedom to express yourself like no other countries. I try to maintain a strong balance within these two cultures.um;armif;jyDvm;? bmarmfawmfum;tMudKufqHk;vJ? e,l;a,mufrSm Public Transportation aumif;vdkY um;armif;p&m rvdkay

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armf',fwa,muftaeeJUbmtm;upm;vkyfovJ? b,fvdkpm;aomufaexdkif&ovJ? orD;rSm Personal Trainer &Sdygw,f/oleJYwywf5&ufavhusifhcef;vkyf

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jyefoGm;uwnf;u jrefrmtpmrpm;&awmhwmtawmfMumoGm;ygjyD/

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Who is your Idol/Mentor in your life? Why? My grandmother. She raised me my entire life til I moved

here. She passed away around my birthday last year. It's been tough and it broke my heart. I wish I got to see her before then. She is and will always be my motivation.What is Internet impact on you? Internet is useful or

harmful to the kids? Internet is scary and amazing at the same time. It's

a useful resource but it can also kill someone. Words are so hurtful and people don't even realize it. If you are very rich and very powerful... What do you

want to do for the people and nation? I would love to travel to the poor regions of Myanmar

and help them with food, clean water, clothes and housings. It breaks my heart to young babies working everyday in Myanmar trying to make money. ckqdk&if orD; American Cancer Society eJY Avon Breast Cancer Fashion

Show uifqm&HyHkaiG&SmyJGudk tptqHk;vkyfay;cJhjyD; orD; b,fvdktzJGYtpnf;udk

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Tyler Bank [matmifjrifausmfMum;wJh armf',fwa,mufwif rubl;?

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Have you ever read the Mandalay Gazette Newspaper? I've seen it yes. I think it's so amazing that we have a Burmese newspaper in America!tar&dum;rSmarmf',fvkyfcsifwJhhvli,fawGudkb,fvdktMuHay;csifovJ? yxrqHk;MuHKawGY&rSmuawm'Reject' yJ/ armf',fat*sifpDawGu odyf0

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What is your message to Myanmar voters for the pageant & to the youths who prepare to come to USA? Thank you so much for supporting me with the

DIASPORA MODELS pageant. I know some of you were disappointed that I didn't use a Burmese name.. I just want to apologize for that because it's my legal name and I couldn't change it to my burmese name for the pageant. Also, I am trying my best to represent Myanmar. I think it's an amazing honor to be Miss Myanmar USA 2012-2013. This sash came with a lot of responsibilities on my shoulders as a representa-tive of Myanmar. I will try my best not to let anyone down. If you're new here in USA, it's okay to be homesick

but also try to adapt to your new culture and never forget where you came from!Your contact e mail address...Facebook...Twitter... www.facebook.com/fanpage.nidataylor www.twitter.com/nidataylor, [email protected]&wemyHkaejynfawmfowif;pm\ awGYqHkar;jref;jcif;udk pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf tcsdefay;รญ

ajzqdkay;aom ,rHkrdk;(Nida Taylor) ESifh awGYqHkar;jref;&eftwGufrdwfquf

ay;aomudkjrpdk;tm;txl;aus;Zl;wifygonf/โ™ฆ

Page 22: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 22xl;cGsefolwdkY owif;rsm;

Congratulations!

2012 Edk0ifbmv 2&ufaeYwGif University of the West Indies wuรบod kvfr S

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ucsifwdkif;&if;om; Aung La N Sang MMA jydKifyGJรผatmifyGJ&

Patrick McCrory International Entrepreneur Award Hissho Sushi CEO Philip Maung &&dS

แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ Delaware แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š Dover แ€ปแ€™แ‚” Dover Downs แ€Ÿแ€แ€šแ‚แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ‚แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแƒแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แŒ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€• แ€žแ€Š MMA (Mixed Martial Arts) Cage Fury Fighting Championship แฟแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ Aung La N Sang (แ‚แ‡แ‚แ€…) แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€˜แ€€ Jason Louck แ€€ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€ แ‚แ€ธแƒแ€แ€™แ€”แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€œแ€‘แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€ปแ€™แ€…แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž

Aung La N Sang (แ†แ€ฑแ€•แแ€œแ€€แ€™)แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€†แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€™ แ‚แ…%แ€€แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‡แ€แ€แ€แ€แ€แ‚”แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ‚”แ€œ แ€’แ€ซแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹The Burmese Python แ€Ÿแ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

Aung La N Sang แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แ€แƒแ€แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€…แ€แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€„แ€’แ‚แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€™ แ€…แ€€แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€•แธแ€˜แ€ผแ‚” แ€›แ€›แ€žแ€แ€…แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ Mixed Martial Arts แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€ แ‚แ€แ€แ„ แ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€แ€แ‡ แ€™แ€…แ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ‚” แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€ฅแฟแ€•แ€„แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ‚แ‚ แ€•แ€ผ แ€แ€ผแ€„ แแ„ แ€•แ€ผแ‚แ€„แŠ แˆแ€•แ€ผแ‚แ‚ˆแ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€”แ€›แ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

Charlotte แ€ปแ€™แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ แแ…แพแ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ Mayorโ€™s International Community Awards แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œ แแˆแ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„Westin Charlotte แ€Ÿแ€แ€šแŒแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€• แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€šแ€›แ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š Charlotte แ€ปแ€™ แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ Hissho Sushi แ แ€…แ€กแ€ธแ€ก/แ€•แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ Philip Maung แ€žแ€Š Patrick McCrory International Entrepreneur Award แ€†แ€€แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

tar&duefuGef*&ufvTwfawmfa&TwHqdyfqka':atmifqef;pkMunfvufcH&&dS

แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€‚แ€›แ€€แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€†แ€•แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€€แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€แ‚แ€… แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€œแแ‰แ€›แ€€ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แƒแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€‚แ€›แ€€แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ Rotunda แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แŒแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™ แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฅแ€€แ€Œ John Boehner แ€€แ€œแ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€›แ€•แ€แ€—แ€œแ€€แ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€™ แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€”แ€€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

Burmese Refugee rSwfwrf;&kyf&Sif

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www.shortnoticetv.com แ€™แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€‡แ€œแ€„แ€œ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ†แพแ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€แ€แ€™แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€กแพแ€€แ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€†แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„Adrian Zaw แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€žแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š Burmese Refugee แ€™แ€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แแ€™ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€Šแ€†แ€€แ€›แ€›แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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Dr. Parkash Singh Talwar a&Tyef;oD;qk&

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ(แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™ แ‚• แ€‡แ€ฌแ€) แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€™แ€”แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แก Dr. Parkash Singh Talwar แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€แแ‚แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ„แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แŒ แ€ปแ€• แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ‚แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€œ (แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€‚)แ แ€˜แ€ผแ‚”แ‚แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€œ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€แ‚แ€… แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ Dr. Parkash Singh Talwarแ€žแ€Šแแ‰แ†แ‚แ€แ€”แ€…

แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€™ แ€˜แ€ผ แ‚”แ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ แ‰ แ† แƒ แ€™ แ แ‰ แ‡ แ‚ แ€ แ‚ แ€… แ€ก แ€‘ แ€› แ€™แ€ธ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€„แ€• แ€”แ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ‚” แŒ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ แ€” แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ Human Rights Watch แ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€€แ‚แ€แแ‚ Hellman- Hammett Grant Awardแ€€แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€šแ€’แ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ธแ€žแ€Š Hellman- Hammett

Grant Award แ€†แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ†แ€แ€แ€ แ€›แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

2012 Hellman- Hammett Grant Award

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2012, Mayแ€แ€ผแ€„ Ostrow School of Dentist-ry of USC แ€™ DDS Award -Dental award from the Academy of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities แ€˜แ€ผแ‚”แ€€ แ€‘แ€ธแ€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€›แ€แ‚”แ€ž แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€–แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€” แ€€ Burmese American Dental Associationแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‚แ€‡แ€€แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€‚แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€™แ€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

Page 23: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 23ema&;

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10

11004

AppreciationCapt. John Khin Hla

โ€ข Associate Director of Hong Kong Marine Department โ€ข Life President (Founder) of Hong Kong Karate Associationโ€ข Honorary Advisor of Hong Kong Myanmar Doctors Society

I am deeply honored and grateful to you all for your condolences, support and last tribute to my late husband. . We had celebrated his final trip wonderfully as follow: 1) Funeral ceremony at Hong Kong

Funeral Home on Sept 25, 20122) Cremation at Chai Wan cremation

Center on Sept 26th3) Scattering ashes ceremony in

Hong Kong sea on Sept 28th My special thanks to all of you,

especially to my colleagues from SuperSearch International (HK) Ltd, Hong Kong government officials, Ka-ratedo Federation of Hong Kong and China Association, Hong Kong Sei-gokan Karatedo Association, Japan Seigokan Karate Doshikai, Overseas Japan Karatedo Association, Myanmar Doctors Society of Hong Kong and all friends, relatives from Hong Kong, Myanmar, US, UK, Australia and Tai-wan who attended ceremonies, gave speeches during Eulogy, sent condo-lences through e-mails, newspapers, phones and face books. Thank you so much to you all.

Linda Hla (a) Kyar Nyo ThweHong Kong

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แ€กแ€žแ€€(แˆแ…)แ‚แ€… แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€˜แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ธแ€œแ€ปแ€™แ€„

แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ(แแƒ)แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แŒ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€‘แ€• แ€™แ€กแ€‘แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™

แ€กแ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€˜ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แกแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ธแ€œแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€‚แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€œแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‚”แ€žแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„-แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธ(Alice)

แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Ÿแ€” (Arthur)แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€€แ€Ÿแ€” (Alfred)

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แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ แ€แ€…แ€œแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€‡แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€›แ€ŠแŠ Dustin แ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ แ€แ€…แ€œแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€šแ€ฅแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ(แ€) April Aye (แ„แ…)แ‚แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ‰แ€›แ€€ แ€”แ€”แ€€แ‚แ€ธแƒแ€แ€™แ€”แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแ‚แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€žj*Kร˜[แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€žแ€‚แคแ€Ÿแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ž แ€ฑแ€…แ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

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แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ แแ‰แƒแˆแ€แ‚แ€…แŒ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€„แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€‚แขแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ‚‰แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ‚ŠแŠ แแ‰แƒแ‰แ€แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ‚”แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ‚” โ€œแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šโ€แ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€›แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€‚แ€•แ€”แ‚แ€„แ€„แŒ แ€…แ€…แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€š แ€แ€žแ€Š แแ‰แ„แ-แ„แ‚แ€แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€—แ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ก แ€™แ€Šแ€€ แ€แ€šแ€€แ€ฌ แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ BIA แ‚แ€„แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ BDA แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แแ‰แ…แ„-แ…แ… แŒ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€€

แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€™แ€„แ€แ€” แ€แ€›แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€€แ€‘แ€แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แแ‰แ…แ‡แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€กแฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€šแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แแ‰แ†แ€-แ†แ‚ แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แŒ แ€’แ€แ€šแ€ฅแ€€แ€Œ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€šแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แแ‰แ‡แ†แ€แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€›แ€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€„แŒ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€—แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€…แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแŠ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแƒแ€ฅแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€›แ€…แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

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Page 24: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

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แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแแ‡แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€…แ€แ€„แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ แ€ฅแ€€แ€Œแ€žแ€… แ€ฅแ€ธWilliam Hsu (แ€) แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€” แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€•แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ‚แˆแ€›แ€€ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€” แ†แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€™ แ‚” The Mark แ€Ÿแ€แ€šแ€žแ‚” แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€• แ€€แ€„แพแ€€แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿแ€แ€šแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€…แฅแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€™ แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ-แ€กแ€ฑแ€™ แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€€-Mr. William Su - Presidentแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ - Vice PresidentMr. Frank Ng - Vice PresidentMr. Vincent Wong - Secretaryแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„ - External RelationsMr. Johnathan Chang - TreasurerMr. Patrick Wang - Joint SecretaryMr. Edward Wong - memberแ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€กแ€”แ€ธ - memberแ€ฅแ€ธแ€‘แ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„ - memberMr. Simon Wong - member แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ‚แ€แแ‚

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแ‡แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ- แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ก

แ€žแ€„แ€ธแ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„- แ€กแ€ฑแ€™ แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€ปแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แฝแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแŠ แ€ก แ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€šแ€€แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€Šแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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Page 26: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012tufaq; A 26

During her recent visit to the U.S. in September-October 2012, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi urged all Burmese-Americans to maintain our Burmese language fluency. Daw Suu scolded those of us who did

not maintain our language fluency. In theory, it is absolutely desirable to maintain oneโ€™s native tongue. However in practice, language fluency is a perishable skill over time if it not used frequently. Living in an environment where we rarely come across another Burmese speaking human being for a long period of time contributes to the diminishment of our ability to quickly retrieve information in that language. The retrieval pathways in our brain become quite rusty and fuzzy over time.

I have to say that has been my own personal experience. Living, schooling, and working in environments where I hardly have an opportunity to converse with another Burmese speaking person for a long period of time diminished my ability to quickly retrieve Burmese words when I get a chance to speak. However interestingly, I was able to retain my comprehension when someone is speaking to me in Burmese but my ability to respond in Burmese is quite rusty. Over the years, when I speak to my parents over the phone, they would get a bit impatient waiting for me to find the right words. So over time, I stopped trying and again the pathways for retrieval became fainter and fainter. Additionally, my vocal cords, tongue, and mouth lost some ability to form certain pronunciations in Burmese. So now, my childhood Burmese friends alleged that I have an American accent speaking Burmese.

Additionally, my Burmese language usage has been stunted at an 8th grade level (my family immigrated when I was in 8th grade) and the language of the 1970s. Growing up in the U.S. far away from Burmese diaspora communities, my Burmese has not kept up with the natural evolution of the language or the increased intricacy and complexity of my ideas and thoughts as an adult. I know most people now truncate the word for โ€œyesโ€, โ€œho ketโ€, to just โ€œhoโ€ (which drives me absolutely crazy by the way) and many other words and their meanings have also evolved over the past 30 years. This phenomenon is very much similar to the way an English word, โ€œgayโ€, has evolved from describing a feeling of happiness into a description of a homosexual person today. This brings me to why I write my articles in English rather than Burmese. I donโ€™t think most Mandalay Gazetteโ€™s readers want to read an article written at an 8th grade level.

Unlike the situation in the 80โ€™s and 90โ€™s, it is much easier to keep up with the language due to the availability of publications and materials on the internet and Youtube now-a-days. However, the only way we can continue to sharpen our ability to speak is still based on the actual practice of speaking. The good news is that some of us may encounter increased opportunities to practice and maintain our native tongues as the Myanmar government continues to march towards reforms and integrates the country into the global markets and community. โ™ฆ

Easy in theory, but hard in practice: maintaining language fluency

Dr. Miemie Winn Byrd

แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€—แ€Ÿแ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€›แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€แ€แ€™แ€ธ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ… แ‹ แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€” แ€š แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ก แ€“ แ€€ แ‚ แ€แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€‡ แ€œแ€„แ€œ (แˆ) แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ‚”แ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€› แ€• แ€† แ€„แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ -แ€˜ แ€‚ แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€’ แ€› แ€” แ€š แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ แ€œแ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€† แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ผแ€ธ แ€• แ€ผ แ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€ แ€›แ€ฌ แ‚แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€• แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•แ€€แ€”แ€ž แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€€แ€…แฅแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€“แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ„แ‹ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€• แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚แ€„ แ€†แ€”แ€–แ€›แ€”แ€…แ€…แฅแ€€ (แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€งแ€›แ€šแ€ฌ) แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ (แ‚แ‰) แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ 2335 Golden Gate Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118 แ€› University of San Francisco โ€“ War Memorial Gym แŒ แ€”แ€”แ€€ แ‰แ€ธแƒแ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แแแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€‘ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ‚แ€„ แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€• แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€ แŠ แ€–แ€แ€–แ€› แŠ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€šแ€”แ€ธ แŠ แ€™ แ€šแ€œแ€™แ€แ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€– แ€…แ€žแ€Š แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€š (แ…) แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€”แ€šแ€…แ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€™ แ€™แ€ธแ€šแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€šแŠ แ€†แ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€’แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€›แ€” แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€„ แ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แŠ แ€แ€€แ€†แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€œแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€› แ€ฑแ€‡แ€šแ€žแ€ แ€“แ€™แผแ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€ซแ€†แ€žแ€€แคแ€”แ€ธ แ€†แ€€แ€€แ€•แ€œแ€’แ€ซแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ‚แ€„ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€“ แ€™ แผ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€† แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€‚แคแ€œ (แ€’แ€šแ€กแ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ)แ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€Šแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€€แฟแ€™แ€€แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‹ แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ก แ€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ก แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€„แ€ธ - แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€” แ€š แ€… แ€• แŠ แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€™ แ‚•แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€› แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€› แ€ฑแ€” แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€€ แ€› แ€„ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ โ™ฆ

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แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ€—แ€ฌแ‹ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€• แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€žแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ‚•แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ‚•แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€ฑแ€…แ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€œแ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€šแ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€† แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€ แ€ผ แŠ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€œ แ‚• แ€˜แ€šแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€œ แŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€แ€…แ‚แ€…แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€šแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€—แ€ฌแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€กแ€€แ€” แ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€• แ€ซ แ€˜แ€ธ แ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธ แŠ แพ แ€€ แ€€ แ€–แ€ธ แ€™ แ€•แ€Š แ‚Š แ€” แ€• แ€ซ แ€™แ€š แ‹ แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€…แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€™ แพแ€€ แ€€แ€แ€แ€œแ‚• แ€™แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ€— แ€ฌ แ‹ แ€™ แ€”แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€†แ€„แ€‘แ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ‚แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€ แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹

แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€”แ€”แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€• (แ€žแ‚•) แ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€แ€žแ€•แ€€แ€…แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€–แ€แ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€• แ€€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€œแ€•แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€…แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€†แ€„(แ€žแ‚•)แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€แ€†แ€„แ€แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แแ‹ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€šแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แƒแ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แˆแ„ & แˆแ… แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€…แ€ธแ€…แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€แšแแŠแ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€™ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€œแ‚• แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€› แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€ แ€ซ แ€€ แ€† แ€ผ แŠ แ€ค แ€™ แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ก แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€€ แ€Š แ‚ˆแ€ธ แ€‘แ€ธ แ€™ แ€œ แ€ผ แ€› แ€™ แ€€ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€œแ€ผแ‚แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแŠแ€แ€›แ€แ€…แ€ฌแŠ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€ธแ‹ แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‡แ„ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แƒแ„&แƒแ… แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€™แ€†แ€šแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€†แ€”แ€…แ€ธแŠ แ€†แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธ แ€†แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผ แพแ€€แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€†แ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€กแ€› แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ„แ‚แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚•แˆแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€˜แ€€แ€€แ€†แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€แ€žแ€แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ‚แ‰แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แˆแ€แ€”แ‚•แˆแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€แ‹ แ€€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ แ€†แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แˆแƒแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แƒแ€ แ€”แ‚• แƒแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€แ€€แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€†แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‡แ†แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แƒแ„&แƒแ…แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€€แ€…แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€’แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ‚แ‚ˆแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€† แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผ แ€”แ‚•แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€œแ‚• แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€—แ€ฌแ‹

แ€ปแ€™แ€ธแ€› แ€Š ( แ€ปแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€› ) แŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™ แ€”แ€• แ‹แ€แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแพแ€€แ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‡แแ€”แ‚•แ‡แ‚แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ‚แ‰แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€”แ‚• แ€œแ€™แ€ธแƒแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€—แ€‘แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€†แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€œแ‚• แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแŠ แพแ€€แ€€แ€–แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แแˆแ€”แ‚•แแ‰ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แˆแˆแ€”แ‚•แˆแ‰แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ปแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€ธแ€‘แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚•แ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€„แ€ธ(แ€™)แ€†แ€™แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ‚•แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธ Oriental Houseแ€€แ€•แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€‘แ€„แ€แ€šแ€—แ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ‚• แ€™ แ€” แ€€ แ€ก แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€” แ€Šแ€ธ แ€” แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€€ แ€› แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ€™ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ธ แ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ†แ„แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€”แ‚• แ‚แ‡แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€… แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€ แ€™แ€”แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™ แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€ แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€•แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แƒแ€แŠ แ‡แ‡ แ€”แ‚• แ‡แˆแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€šแ€œแ‚Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€… แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แˆแƒแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแƒแ€แ€”แ‚•แƒแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ แ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€”แ‚• แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€…แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€†แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€›แ€„แŠ แ€’แ€ซแ€™แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ แ€งแ€Šแ€žแ€Šแ€€ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€›แ€„ แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ŸแŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€”แ€…แ€” แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€›แ€ฌแ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แšแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€šแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ‚•แ€กแ€œแ€œแ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€™แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€†แ‚แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€•แ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€แ€™แ€”แ‚•แŠ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€€แ€กแ€… แ€•แ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€แ€แŠ แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€•แ€แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแ€ธแŠ แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€”แ‚•แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€…แŠ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€š แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€” แ‚•แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธ แŠ แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ‚ แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผ แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€› แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผ แŠ แ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€แ€กแ€†แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚• แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€–แŠ แ‚แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ‚•แŠ แ€œแ€€แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€แ€…แ€™แŠ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€…แ€™แŠ แ€€แ€…แ€™แŠ แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€–แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€…แ€™ แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€กแ€€แ€”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แƒแ…แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ†แˆ แ€”แ‚• แ†แ‰ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€”แ€แ€›แ€แ€›แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€š แƒ แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š "แ€”แ€”แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธ" แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ

แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€€แ€”แ€›แ€• แ€ซ แ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ† แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€” แ‚”แ€œแ€Š แ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€‘แ€˜แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€† แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แˆแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ‚แˆแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ‚แ‰ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ‚แ‚ˆแ€˜แ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€›แ€™แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ‚แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€›แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€• แ€ผ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€”แ‚•แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€”แ‚• แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€–แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€”แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚• แแ‰ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€ แพแ€€ แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แˆแ„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€ แƒแ€แ€”แ‚•แƒแแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€– แ€ผแ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘แ€ŠแŠ แ€„แ€›แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ€ฑแ€™แ‚ŠแŠ แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€†แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ธแ€Šแ€…แ€œแ€€แ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€”แ‚•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€แ€›แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ‹

แ€†แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผ แ€žแ€•แ€™แพแ€€แ€€แ€แ€แ€œแ‚•แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚แ‰แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แˆแƒแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚•แˆแ„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€šแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€แ€€ แ€…แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€’แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€†แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€•แ€€แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€†แ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€œแ‚• แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€‚แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€†แ€ผแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚แ‰แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แˆแ€แ€”แ‚•แˆแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ‹ แ€˜แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€’แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹แ€•แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ‚แƒแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แˆแƒแ€”แ‚•แˆแ„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€™แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ‚•แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€…แ€€แ€”แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€šแ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€’แ€€แกแŠ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ†แˆ&แƒแ…แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅแ€šแ€ฅแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€†แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚• แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€† แ€˜แ€šแ€’แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแŠ แ€แ‚•แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€™แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€™แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€•แ‹ แ€แ€†แ‚แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€™แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€œแ‚‰แ€กแ€™แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ‹ แ€’แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ‚•แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€™แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€’แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€œแ‚‰แ€œแ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€›แ€„แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€•แ€€แ€™แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€œแ‚• แ€กแพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แˆแƒแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ‚แˆแ€”แ‚•แ‚แ‰ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€‚แคแ€Ÿแ€’แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€€ แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ปแ€•แ€”แŠ แ€แ€ฅแ€›แ€Šแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€•แ€›แ€Šแ€”แ‚• แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚•แ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€†แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€—แ€ฌแ‹แ€แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€€ แ‚แ‡แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ‡แ„แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ‡แ…แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แˆแ‚แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แƒแ†แ€”แ‚•แƒแ‡แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€‡แ€œแพแ€€แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€œแ‚•แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€œแ‚•แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แƒแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ‡แ†แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€”แ‚• แ‡แ‡แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„ แ€›แ€แ€šแ€œแ‚• แ€žแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แพแ€€แ€€แ€†แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚แˆแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แˆแ€แ€”แ‚•แˆแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ แ€€แ€ธแ€‘แ€€แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€• แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€€ แพแ€€แ€€แ€†แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ธแ€‘แ€€แพแ€€แ€€แ€†แ€‘แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€€ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€…แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€†แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€™แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€”แ‚•แ€œแ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แพแ€€แ€€แ€€แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€Šแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€™แ€”แ‚•แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€’แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€‘แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แƒแ€แŠ แˆแ & แˆแ‚แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€• แ€…แ€ผแ€…แ€ผแ€ปแ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€Šแ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€• แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แƒแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แ‡แ‰แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€”แ‚• แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แˆแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€แ€‘แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€แ‹ แ€ก.แ€‘.แ€€ แแ† แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€œแ€ผแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€œแ€•แ‹

แ€–แ€€แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€Ÿ แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚• แ€…แ‚แตแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€• แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€šแ€™แ€žแŠ แ€žแ€œแ€€แ€ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€แ‚•แŠแ€–แ€€แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ‚•แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ‡แˆแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚• แƒแ‡แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚แ‡แ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แˆแ€แ€”แ‚•แˆแแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€€แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€˜แ€€แ€™แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€ฌแ€•แ€œ แ€ฌแ€•แ€†แ€›แ€„ แ‚แ„แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แŠ แ†แ‚แ€”แ‚•แ†แƒแ€œแ€™แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€•แ€œ แ€ฌแ€•แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€• แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ‚•แ€†แ€„แ€€ แ€•แ€žแ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€šแ€žแ€• แ€…แ€•แ€…แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™แ€ฌ แ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ‚•แŠBreezeแ€แ‚•แ€€แ€œแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแพแ€€แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€ แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ‚•แŠ แ€†แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€แ‚•แ€”แ‚• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€ฑแ€™แ‚แ€„แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แˆแ€แŠ แƒแ„แ€”แ‚•แƒแ…แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€–แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•

แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ Breezeแ€€ แ†แ‡แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ†แˆแ€œแ€™แ€ธแŠ แƒแ‚แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚•แƒแƒแ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ก แ€€ แ€„ แ€† แ€„ แŠ แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€Ÿ แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€Š แ‚Š แ€” แ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€…แ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€† แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€” แ‚• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€† แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„ แ‚ แ‡ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แŠ แ‡ แƒ แ€” แ‚• แ‡ แ„ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แพ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€• แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€œ แ€› แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ‡แ‡แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แŠ แƒแ„แ€” แ‚•แƒแ…แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€› แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€šแ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€• แ€ซ แ‹ แ แ‰ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€” แ‚• แˆ แ‚ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€€ แ‹ แ€‚ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€ฅ แ€… แ€• แŠ แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€Ÿ แ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€ก แ€€ แ€„ แ€… แ€” แ‚• แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธ แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€œ แ‚• แพ แ€€ แ€€แ€แ€š แ‹ ( แ€ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ€” แ‚• แ€‘ แ€„ แ€™ แ€œ แ‚• แ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€—แ€€แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ผแ€œแ‚•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹)

แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€† แ€› แ€„แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แƒ แ… แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€” แ‚• แ†แแ€”แ‚•แ†แ‚แ€œแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€„แพแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€•แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€แ€กแ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€… แ€• แŠ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€กแ€ธ แ€ป แ€• แ€† แ€› แ€„แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฅแ€แ€€แ€šแ€˜แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€šแพแ€€แ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‹

แ€ฑแพ แ€€แ€ธ แ€กแ€ธ แ€† แ€ฑ แ€› แ‚Šแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ‹ แ€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ† แ… แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€” แ‚• แ‚ แ† แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„แ€€ แˆแ‚แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€”แ‚•แƒแƒแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€•แ€แ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€•แพแ€€แ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€”แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ธ แ€กแ€ธ แ€ก แ€› แ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€„ แ€› แ€„แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€€ แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แƒแ€แŠ แ†แ…แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ€” แ‚” แ†แ„แ€œแ€™แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌ YKKO แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€†แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€œแ€ฌแ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€† แ€„ แ€ž แ€” แ‚• แ€ž แ€” แ‚•แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€”แ‚•แ€”แ‚• แ‚ แ‚ˆแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚• แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€ป แ€– แ€… แŠ แ€šแ€ธ แ€’ แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌ แŠ แ€แ€›แ€แ€…แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€€ แ€€แ€ผ แฝแ€”แ€ธ แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ แŠ Royal lake แŠ S m a r t G a r d e n แ€… แ€ แ€† แ€„แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ€œ แ€€ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€” แ‚• แ€• แ€ซ แ€ แ€š แ‹ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ‚•แ€žแ€แ€™แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€’แ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’ แ€ซแ€† แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ‚• แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ‚• แ€‘แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€”แ€• แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚•แ€• แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€ฑแ€…แ‹โ™ฆ

Sweet 25-Oct-2012

rEรฅav; pm;nTefSweet ( CJ # 129120)

Page 28: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012

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Country Star Live In TokyoToshima Koukaitou Hall(near Ikebukuro Station)Tel: (080) 4290-3211jrdwfjrdKUZD0dw'geukodkvfjzpfaq;cef;&HyHkaiG- azaz:0g&D3&uf

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แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€• แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€š แ€œแ€–แ€ธ แ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌ . แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ‚”แ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€™ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€–แ€แŠ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€™ แ€แ‚ แ€„ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€ แฝ แ€ผ แ€” แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€• แ€ผ แ€€ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€ แ‚ แ€… แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ‚แˆ แ€›แ€€ แ€แ€”แ€‚แคแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ผแ€ฑแ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€‡ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ž แ€„ แ€š แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ก แ€› แ€Š แ€ก แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€… แ€… แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธ แ€• แ€ผ แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€„ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€‘แ€ธแ€แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€…แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€„แŠ แ€’แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’ แšแ€แ€„แ€แ€„ แ‚ แ€ผ แ€š แŠ แ€†แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ แ€ฅแ€€ แ€Œ แ€ฑแ€’ แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€œ แ€„ แŠ แ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€€ แ€Œ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€™ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€‘แ€ธ แ€ แฝ แ€ผ แ€”แ€† แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธ แ€ แ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ€„แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ Adam Lwin (แ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€•แ€„)แ‚แ€„ Shwe Yamin Khin (แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€šแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„) แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€›แฟแ€•แ€ธ Mary Lwiin (แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€แ€แ€™)แ‚แ€„ Carlotte Moe Lamin (แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€„แ€ธ) แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€’แ€แ€š แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแŠ Kathy Htwe (แ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ธ) แ€€ แ€แ€แ€šแ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ธ (แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธ) แ€™ Eingyin Hayman (แ€กแ€„แพแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€™แ€ฌแ€”) แ€€ Principal Award, Shwe Ainsi Nemyo (แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€กแ€™แ€…แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ธ) แ€€ Citizenship Award, Suu Aindra Nemyo (แ€†แ€กแ‚แ‚แตแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ธ)แ€€ Most Improved Student Award, Phyo Phyo Thu (แฟแ€–แ€ธแฟแ€–แ€ธแ€ž) แ€€ Most Creative Student Award, แ‚แ€„ Aaron Lue Win Irving Zue Win แ€แ‚”แ€€ Participation Award แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€‘แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€–แ€แŠ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€„ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€™แ€˜แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ Halloween แ€แ€แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€ผ แ€€ แ€†แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€คแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€„แ€‡แ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฌแ€žแ€€ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แŠ แ€žแ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€€ แ€’แ€แ€šแŠ แ€‚แ€‚ แ‚แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€‡ แ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€แ€แ€š แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€šแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€–แ€แŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€”แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€แ€„แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แแ€ แ€™แ‚แ€…แ€…แ€ฅ แ€กแ€•แ€แ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€”แ€‚แคแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ‚ แ€ผ แ€š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€” แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€แ€€แ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€แ€™แ€žแ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€… แ€ แ€ แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€› แ€ผแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€กแ€›แ€ผแ€š แ€™แ€ฑแ€› แ€ผแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€…แ€œแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แŠ แ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แŠ แ€žแ€„แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€•แ€แ€…แ€ฅ แ€แ€”แ€‚แคแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ผแ€ฑแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ‚แ€ธแƒแ€ แ€™ แƒแ€ธแƒแ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€กแ€‘ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€šแ€แ€กแ€ แ€ซ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€œแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€™ แ€™แ€€ แ€ผ แ€” แ€ป แ€• แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€– แ€ แ‚ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ปแ€• แ€œแ€•แ€”แ€Šแ€ธ แŠ แ€€แ€ผแ€” แ€ปแ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€—แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€€(แ€… )แ€’แ€€แกแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ‚”แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€™แ€œ แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซ แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€•แ€แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ FaceBook แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซ แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€€ SCBA แ‚แ€„ แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š December 16, 2012 (แ€แ€”แ€‚แคแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”) แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ€œแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€”แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€˜แ€ธแ€˜แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€Šแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€ก แ€ž แ€€ แ‡ แ… แ‚ แ€… แ‚ แ€„ แ€ก แ€‘ แ€€ แ€› แ€ž แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€– แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€˜แ€ธ แ€˜ แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ธ แ€€ แ€˜ แ€ แพ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ‚Šแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€• แ‚” แ€™ แ€Š แ€ป แ€– แ€… แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€˜แ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚Šแ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€›แ€ž แ‡แ…แ‚แ€… แ‚แ€„ แ€กแ€‘แ€€แ€›แ€ž แ€˜แ€ธแ€˜แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ (626) 625-3666แŠ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ‚แ€ผแ€š (626) 487-9292แŠ แ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ‚ แ€„แ€ก (714) 260-5270 แ€ แ‚”แ‚ แ€„ แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€” แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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Page 29: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

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Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Positive qdkwm Hepatitis B umuG,faq;xdk;xm;wJhol

'grSr[kwf tonf;a&miftom;0gB a&m*gjzpfbl;jyD;wJholrSmawGY&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh umuG,f

aq;rxdk;cifppfMuygw,f/ aq;rxdk;cifppfvdkY Positive jzpfae&if a&m*gudkumuG,fEdkifwJh

umuG,fcJhwJh Antibdy rdrd&JYaoG;xJrSm&dSjyDjzpfvdkYumuG,faq;xdk;p&mrvdkawmhygbl;/

Hepatitis B Core Antibody (Total) Positive qdkwm tonf;a&miftom;0gB a&m*g

q&m0efwOD;pjzpfaewJhtcsdefrSma&m jzpfbl;jyD;wJholqDrSmygawGY&w,f/ B Adkif;&yfpfydk;aMumifh tonf;a&mif

tom;0gB a&m*gjzpfcJhbl;w,fqdkwmudknTef;jyjyD; Core Antibody u aoG;xJrSm woufvHk;

&dSaevdrfhw,f/

ar;- aoG;azmufjyD;vdkY Hepatitis B a&m*gr&Sdbl;vdkYb,fvdkajymEdkifovJ?ajz- Hepatitis B Surface Antigen- Negative Hepatitis B Core Antibody - Negative Hepatitis B Surface Antibody- NegativeaoG;tajz(3)rsdK;pvHk; Negative jzpfrS Hepatitis B a&m*gr&Sdbl;vdkYajymEdkifygw,f/

ar;- wdwdusust"dyรœg,frzGifhEdkifwJhaoG;tajzrsdK;&dSovm;? 'gqdkb,fvdkvkyf&rvJ?ajz- &dSygw,f/ Test wdkif; Borderline eJY False Positive Result tajz&dSwwf

ygw,f/

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen - Negative Hepatitis B Core Antibody Positive Hepatitis B Surface Antibody - NegativetJ'DtajzrsdK;qdk&ifjzpfEdkifajc4rsdK;&dSygw,f/

(1) tonf;a&miftom;0ga&m*gjzpfbl;jyD;cJhwJhol/

(2) False Positive vJjzpfEdkifygw,f/

(3) emwm&Snftonf;a&miftom;0ga&m*gjzpfaewJholvJjzpfEdkifygw,f/

(4) vwfwavmtonf;a&miftom;0ga&m*gjzpfjyD;emvHxcgptcsdefjzpfygw,f/

raocsmwJhaoG;tajz jzpfae&if aemufxyfwcg aoG;azmufppfwm taumif;qHk;yg/

ar;- tonf;a&miftom;0ga&m*gcHpm;ae&olawGudkwjcm;bmawGppfaq;zdkYvdkao;ovJ? ajz- Liver Function Test udkaoG;azmufppfaq;oifhygw,f/

ar;- Liver Function Test qdkwmbmvJ?ajz- tonf;&JYtvkyfwm0efudkaoG;azmufppfaq;Munfhjcif;wrsdK;yg/

โ€ข aoG;xJrSm Total & Direct Bilirubin (bDvD&lAif)yg0ifrI?

โ€ข Liver Enzyme (ALT, AST, Alkaline Phosphatase) tonf;tifZdkif;?

โ€ข Total Protein pkpkaygif;tonf;y&dkwif;

โ€ข Albumin tonf;y&dkwif;wrsdK;pwmawGudkaoG;azmufppfaq;jcif;jzpfygw,f/

ar;- q&m0efwa,muftaeeJYbmawGjznfhajymcsifovJ?ajz- q&m0eftrsdK;rsdK;u aoG;azmufcdkif;wJh Test trsdK;tpm;eJY ta&twGuf tay:rlwnfjyD;

aoG;tajzudk t"dyรœg,fzGifhwmeJY aumufcsufcswm uGmjcm;EdkifjyD; rjynfhpHkwmawGjzpfwwfvdkY

owfrSwfxm;wJhPanel eJYazmuf&if toifhawmfqHk;ygvdkY ajymvdkygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHvdk tonf;

a&miftom;0ga&m*gjzpfyGm;rIEIef;jrifhwJhEdkifiHrSm aewJhvlwOD;tzdkY wESpftwGif; 6vjcm;wcg

Screening aoG;azmufppfaq;jcif;[mtaumif;qHk;ygvdkYtMuHay;csifygw,f/

ar;- tonf;a&miftom;0gBa&m*g&Jhqdk;usdK;tEร…&,fudkajymjyyg/

ajz- tonf;a&miftom;0g B a&m*gjzpfwJhol 95&mcdkifEIef;[m q&m0efeJYukojyD;&if a&m*g

aysmufuif;oGm;ygw,f/ tonf;a&miftom;0g B a&m*gjzpfbl;wJhvl 40&mcdkifEIef;[m wcsdefrSm

tonf;ajcmufa&m*g(Cirrhosis) eJY tonf;uifqmudkjzpfoGm;Edkifygw,f/

แ€ปแ€™ แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€œแ€ธแ€› แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแŒ แ€€แ€„แ€†แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚แ€„แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€—แ€‡แ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€‘แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€žแ‚” แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€•แ‚•แ‚แ‚”แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ€€ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€แ‚แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€› แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แŠ แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚” แ€”แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แแ€แ€แ€ แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€€แ€ฌ แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ผแ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€• แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” FDA แ€™ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ‚” แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€”แ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ…แƒแ„ แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แแ‡แ… แ€แŒ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€„แ€†แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ‚แ€„แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€—แ€‡แ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€‘แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ‚แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€

แ€ก แ€† แ€• แ€ซ แ€„ แ‚ แ€ แ€žแ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€” แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€†แ€• แ‚แ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€•แ€’แ€™ แ‚แˆ (แ€€)แ€กแ€› แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€šแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€”แ‚ แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” แ€”แ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ„แƒแ€ แ€€ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แƒแ‰ แ€แŒ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€™แ€žแ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€“แ€ฌ แ€แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ธ แ€ป แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€… แ€…แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ‚• แ€› แ€› แ แ€š แ€„แ€ธ แ€” แ‚ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€” แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€†แ€•แ‚แ€…แ€แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ฅ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ก แ€› แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€†แ€• แ‚ แ€ แ‚ แ€„ แ€” แ‚ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€” แ‚” แ€‘ แ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€Š แ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€†แ€•แ‚แ€…แ€แ€แ‚”แ€™ แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€ แ€€ แ€› แ€› แ€™ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€˜ แ€‘ แ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€– แ€…แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€œแ€•แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™ แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแˆ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ธ แ€ปแ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚•แ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€†แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ธ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแฟแ€™แ€„ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€”

แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€กแ€กแ€ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€…แ€•แ€š แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ‚แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€œ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€˜แ€›แ€„ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€Šแ€Š แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ‚แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€Šแ€žแ€”แ€ธ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ‚แ€„แ€ธ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ‚แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™แ€› แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ‚แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€“แ€ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€–แ€ธแ€ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€

แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€›แ€žแ€Ÿ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ

แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€”แ‚”

แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€…แ€ผแ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€„แ‚แ€แ€žแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”(แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”)แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€™ แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€–แ€ธแ€ แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”

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(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012

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แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ‚แ‰แŠแ‚แ€แแ‚แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ‚”แ€กแ€”แ€‚แ€œแ€…แ€ปแ€™แ‚” Shan Social &Cultural Societyแ€™แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€‚แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแธแธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ธ

แ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€”แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ Shan Social &Cultural Societyแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€ฅแ€€แ€Œแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€Šแ‹z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpkeJYywfoufjyD;tefu,fajymcsifwmawGu/

แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แแ‰แ„แ‡แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€–แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€› แ‚”แ‚”แ€›แ€Šแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€•แ‹แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€’แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€•แ‹แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€†แ€แ€ฌEquality, self determination, Ethic nationality, right culture แ€…แ€แ‚” แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€Šแ€แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€’แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€—แ€œแ€แ€•แ€แ‚” แ€›แ€™แ€ธแŠแ€€แ€แ€„แŠแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€™แ‚ˆแ€›แ€แ‚”แ€แ€šแ‹แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”SLAD (Shan Nationalities League for Democracy) , UNA (United Nation Alliance)แ€แ‚”แ€œแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€”แ€แ‚”แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€€แ€•แ‹ UNAแ€†แ€แ€ฌแแ‰แ‰แ€แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€’แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€—แ€œแ€แ€•แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€€ แ€แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€ แ‚” แ€ก แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€– แ€… แ€™ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ธ แ‹ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Š แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ แ€ แ€€ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ‚” แ€™ แ€› แ€˜แ€ธ แ‹ แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€”แ€แ‚”แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€–แ‚”UNA แ€€แ€œแ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ผแ€šแ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ‹แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€แ€Šแ€แ‚”แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€” แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€กแ€ฑแ€„แšแ€™แ€แ€Šแ‚”แ€˜แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€แ€ฌแ‹แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€‘แ€€ แ€—แ€™แ€ฌ-แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€แ‚”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ‹แแ‰แ†แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€แ‚”แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€™ (แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€™)แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ผ แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ‚”แ€™แ€†แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ‹

แแ‰แ„แ‡แ€กแ€›โ€œแแ€แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€›แ€™แ€šแ‚”แ€™โ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹แแ‰แ‰แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€แพแ€€แ€ธแ€€แแ‰แ‰แ‚แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€แ‚”แ€แ€šแ‹แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แŠแ€€แ€šแ€•แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€šแ‹แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€กแ€šแ€œแ€’แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ‹ แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ‚”แ€™แ€†แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ‹แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€“แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ‚”แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€šแ‹โ€œแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธโ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹โ€œแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธโ€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€Šแ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€แ‚”แ€œแ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแŠแ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ‚แ€…แ…แ€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€™แ€”แ€แ€š แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹

,ckvuf&Sdz,f'&,fjynfaxmifpkay:aygufa&;twGuf wdkif;&if;om;awGMudK;

yrf;aeMuwJYtajctae/

แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹แ‰แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€UNAแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹แ€›แ€แ€„แŠแ€›แ€™แ€ธแŠแ€‡แ€ผแ€”แ€™แ€ธแŠแ€™แ€ผแ€”แŠแ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€€แ€แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ‹แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‹แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ UNFC (United Nationality Federal Council)แ€›แ€™แ€šแ‹ UNFCแ€€แ‚แ€แ€แˆแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€€แ€šแ€แ‚”แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€šแ‚”แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€€แ€šแ‚”แ€Ÿแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€žแ€แ€šแ‹แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€˜แ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€‚แ€ฌแ€™แ€”แŠแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€กแ€ธแ€š แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‚”แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹แ€กแ€’แ‚”แ€œ แ€ฑแ€œแ‚”แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ‚”แพแ€€แ€œแ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€žแ€แ‚”แ€˜แ€€แ€€ แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ‹แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€”แ€แ‚”แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€–แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€‘แ€„แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ‚”แ€™แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€–แ‚”แ€œแ€แ€šแ‹

vuf&SdjrefrmEdkifiHa&;tajctaeudkoHk;oyfjyyg/

แ€ แ€ แ€” แ€ แ€ซ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แพ แ€€แ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€”แ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‹ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แŠแ€ฑ แ€’ แš แ€… แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€˜แ€ธแ‹

แ‚แ€…แ…แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ‹แ€แ€€แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ‹แ€‘แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†แ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€กแ€„

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€„ แ€ปแ€• แ‹แ€ฑแ€” แ‚”แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€Šแ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซ แ‚” แ‹แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธ แ€• แ€ซ แ€แ€„ แ‚ แ€„ แ€™ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€…แ€แ€แ‚”แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€œแ€™แ‚”แ€™แ€šแ‹

tefu,faxmif'Pf93ESpftcscHcJY&w,faemf/

แ แ‰ แ‰ แ€แ€ฑ แ€› แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€• แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€™แ€†แ‚แตแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€™แ€(แ)แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€แ‚”แ€แ€šแŠแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€แ…แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€’แ€แ‰แƒแ‚แ€…แ€… แ€›แ€„แ€แ‚”แ€แ€šแ‹แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€™แ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€›แ€˜"แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€†แ€…"แ€”แ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€แ€šแ€†แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€แ‚”แ€แ€šแ‹แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€™แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€กแ€’แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€„แ€™แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€˜แ€€แ€€แ€˜ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€„แ€•แ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€œแ€€แ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹KIA, SSA, แ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แŠ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€• แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€ แ€ผแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€ป แ€•แ€ธ แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€ แ‚”แ€แ€šแ‹แ‚แ€แ€แ„แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€—แ€œแ€ แ€•แ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€แ€„แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€€แ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€—แ€œแ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€€แพแ€€แ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€”แ€™ แ€ผแ€”แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€—แ€œแ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ‚แ€แ€แ„แ€™แ€ฌแ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚แ€แ€แ…แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

tefu,ftc k jye fv Gw fvmwJ Yt aMumif;eJ Yc kNED award &&S dwJ Ytay: bmrsm;ajymcsifygvJ/

แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‚แ€แแ‚แŠแ€‡แ€”แ€”แ€แ€ซแ€›แแƒแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€กแ€“แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€†แ€€แ€œแ€•แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€šแ€†แ€ แ‚” แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€”แ‚”แ€žแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ‹แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚”แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€„แ€›แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€€แŠแ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€œแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€™แ€›แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€…

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Page 31: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012

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แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ‚”แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€› แ‚” แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€˜แ€แ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€แ‚”แ€แ‚” แ€—แ€œแ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€” แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€žแ€€แคแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ แ‚”แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€žแ€€แคแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€…แ€แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹แ€กแ€€แ€žแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€…แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€› แ‚”แ‹แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ‚”แ€œแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€ปแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€€แ€กแ€€แ€žแ€œแ€œแ€•แ€แ‚”แ€–แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€€แ€šแ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€šแพแ€€แ€Šแ€…แ€แ€แ€œแ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ‹แ€—แ€œแ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€แ‚”แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€œแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ƒแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€€แ€” แ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€•แ€…แ€€แ€žแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€กแ€€แ€žแ€œแ€™แ€›แ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ‚” แ€€แ€š แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€šแพแ€€แ€Šแ€œ แ‚”แ€œแ€™แ€›แŠแ€žแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€–แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€œ แ‚”แ€œแ€™แ€›แ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹แ€˜แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€žแ€€แคแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€€แ‚ แ€•แ€…แ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€žแ€ฌแ€“แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แพแ€€แ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ‹แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ‚” แ€žแ€แ€แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€€แคแ€”แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€†แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ‚แ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€€แคแ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€”แ‚”แ€œแ‚” แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ‹

แ€แ€œ แ€แ€แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€žแ€€แคแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€’แ€œแ€˜แ€›แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ฑแ€œแ‚”แ€›แ€แ€šแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚” แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€›แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธแ€€ โ€œแ€œแ‚แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€”แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แŠแ€ฅ แ€–แ€ผแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแŠแ€’แ€œแ€˜แ€›แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€แ€šโ€แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€˜แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€—แ‹แ€€แ€™แผแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แŠแ€•แ€แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€›แ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ‚แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€”แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€„แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‹แ€แ€œ แ€—แ€œแ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€” แ‚”แ€แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€˜ แ€žแ€€แคแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€แ€•แ€œแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” โ€œแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธโ€แ€†แ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€ฅแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ‚” แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ‚”แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‹

แ€แ€œ โ€œแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธโ€แ€†แ€แ‚”แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€€แ€แ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แพแ€€ แ€™แ€šแ€‘แ€„แ€™แ€แ€šแ€—แ‹แ€’แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€แ€‘แ€ผแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€…แ€–แ€”แ€แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€แ‚” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€€ โ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธโ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ‚ˆแ€•แพแ€€แ€œแ‚” แ€†แ€žแ€œแ€œแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€œแ‹แ€’แ€ซแ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€†แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€„แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€‘แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‹แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€› แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‹ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ‚”แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€› แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€› แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€˜แ€šแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€™แ€† แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€Šแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€™ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€› แ‚”แ€›แ€Šแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ‚‘แ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ‹แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠแ€žแ€™แ€‚แขแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠแ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€…แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€แ‚”แ€œแ‚” แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€˜แ€ฑแ€กแŠแ€‚แ€…แ€˜แ€ฑแ€กแŠแ€แ‚”แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ธแŠแ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€‚แŠแ€–แ€†แ€•แ€œ แ€…แ€แ‚”แ€…แ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ โ€œแ€…แ€ผแ€”แ‚”โ€แ€œแ‚” แ€žแ€แ‚”โ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธโ€แ€แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€’แ€กแ€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€™แ€แ‚”แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

โ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€โ€แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€…แŠแ€กแ€ฌแ€ƒแ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ‚”แ€™แ€œแ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œแ€•แ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”โ€œแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธโ€ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”โ€œแ€žแ€™แ€‚แขโ€แ€ฑแ€แšแ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ‹แ€—แ€’แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹โ€œแ€žแ€™แ€‚แขแ€ซแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ซโ€แ€แ‚”แ‹แ€แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€กแ€”แ€€แ€กแ€“แ€•แธแ€ซแ€šแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” โ€œแ€Šแ€Šแ€ผแ€ แ€žแ€„แ‚”แ€Šแ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€‘แ€€แ€แ‚”แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ‚” แ€Šแ€Šแ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ(แ€แ€ซ) แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ‚”แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ(แ€แ€ซ)แ€กแ€€แ€„แ‚”แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€šโ€แ€แ‚”แ‹ แ€กแ€แ€ แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” โ€œแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€Šแ€กแ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€•โ€แ€œแ‚”แ‹แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€’แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” โ€œแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แŠแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„โ€แ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€€ แ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€•แ€›แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€™แ€šแ‹แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€โ€œแ€žแ€ƒโ€แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€€ แ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€žแ€ƒแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€—แ€’แถแ€› แ‚”แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แพแ€€แ€žแ€œแŠแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€œ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€’แ€œแ€”แ‚” แ€—แ€’แถแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€šแ€แ€ซแ€’แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แพแ€€แ€€แ€˜แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ‹แ€Ÿแ€แ€€แ‚”แ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” โ€œแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€แ€™แ€”แ‚”โ€แ€˜แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ€™แ€œแ‹แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€แ€•แ€†แ€„แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚”แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€แ€•แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€•แ€œแ‚” แ€˜แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ€™แ€œแ‹แ€กแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€€แ€•แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€…แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€„แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€”แพแ€€แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€กแ€„แ€™แ€แ€”แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ‹แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚” แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€™แ€›แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€œแ€œแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแŠแ€Šแ€ฌแ€ŠแŠแ€˜แ€šแ€Šแ€œแ€•แ€œแ‚” แ€˜แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ€™แ€œแ‹

แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ แ‚” แŠแ€žแ€™แ€‚แขแ€ แ‚” แŠแ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€ แ‚” แ€†แ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€œแ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€€แ€„แ€แ€”แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€šแ€กแ€†แ€แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€ซแ€• แ‹แ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€†แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹แ€กแ€šแ€กแ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€œแ€ผแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€„แ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€šแ€กแ€†แ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€™แ€‚แขแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€› แ‚”แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€…แ€… แ€แ€•แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€œแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€˜ แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€˜ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€™แ€•แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€•แ€€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ‹แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ‚แ€—แ€œแ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€ฅแ€ธแ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแŠแ€—แ€œ แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€–แ€šแ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€…แ€แ€ฌแŠแ€—แ€œแ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€… แ€แ€•แ€€แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€™แ€œแ€•แ€˜โ€œแ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌโ€แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€€แ€แ€„แ€œแ€•แพแ€€แ€œแ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹แ€’แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌโ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€โ€แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚”แ€•แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€”แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€œ แ€กแ€‘แ€แ€แ€œแ€”แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€œแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€แ‚”แ€œแ‚” แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แพแ€€แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€‚แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€˜ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€แ€€แ€„แ€œแ€†แ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€‚แ€แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€€แ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€šแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€• โ€œแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธโ€แ€œแ€œแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€œ แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€–แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€œแ€•แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€€แ€–แ‚”โ€œแ€œแ€€แ€แ€œแ€ธโ€แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€€แ€€แ€”แ€แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€˜แ€šแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€แ‚”แ€œแ€™แ€œแ€Šแ€œแ€Šแ‚”แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€šแ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€žแ‹แ€ปแ€—แ€Ÿแผแ€ฌแ€กแ€‘ แ€กแ€žแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€œแ€€แ€€แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€› แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แแ‰แ…แˆแ€€แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ แ‚”แ€• แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ธ แ€œแ€€ แ€ปแ€• แ€œ แ‚” โ€œแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ โ€(แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€„ )แ€œแ€•แ€ แ‚”แ€ แ‚”แแ‰แ†แ‚แ€€แ€…แ€›แ€„ แ€’แ‚ แ€…แ‚แ€แแ‚แ€กแ€‘แ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€€แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ‚แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ…แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€แ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ‚แ€…แ€แ€€แ€›แ€ แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹แ‚แ€…แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€› แ‚”แ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹แ€Ÿแ€แ€€แ‚”แ‹แ‚แ€แ€แˆแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€•

แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€•แ€แ‚”แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€œแ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€’แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€€แ€• แ€ฑแ€œแ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€‘แŠแ€™แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ€”แ€ธ แ€€แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€ผแ€กแ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€• แ€ แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€แ€€แ€š แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€…แ€…แ€šแ€”แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แฝแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€•แ€แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€•แ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€• แ€™แ€šแ‚” แ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€แ€™แ€แฝแ€ผแ€แ€แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€œแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ‚ˆแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚” แ€œ แ€• แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ‚” แ€™ แ€› แ€˜ แ€… แ€… แ€ แ€• แ€€ แ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€šโ€œ แ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ โ€ แ€• แ€ซ แ€› แ€• แ€ซ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€™ แ€š แ‹ แ€’ แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ‚” โ€œ แ€ แ€€ แ€• แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ โ€ แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ซ แ‹ แ€’ แ€ฅ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€’ แ€€ แ€ก แ€› แ€• แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€•แ€žแ€œแ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€šแ‚” แ€…แ€…แ€—แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€˜แ€šแ€œ แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€œ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€› แ€ผแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ‚” แ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚” แ€ปแ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€ซ แ‹แ€œแ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แŠแ€™แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แŠแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€› แ€ป แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ‚แ€แ€แˆแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€… แ€… แ€ แ€• แ€กแ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€„ แ€ป แ€– แ€…แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„ แŠ แ€ฅ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€’ แ€” แ‚” แ€ก แ€Š แ€ป แ€– แ€…แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€€แ€…แ€…แ€—แ€œแ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚”โ€œแ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธโ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€› แ‚”แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€š แ€€ แ€† แ€€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€œ แ€† แ€แ€ฌ แ‚แ€แ€แˆแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€Ÿแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ‚” แ€ž แ‚” แ€› แ€„แ€ธแ€› แ€„แ€ธ แพ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹แ‹แ‚แ€แ€แˆแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฌแ€… แ‚ แ€… แ€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€ แ‚” แ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€€โ€œแ€Ÿแ€แ€€แ‚”โ€แ€œแ‚•แ‚”แ€แ€”แ€ แ€œแ€€แ€–แ‚” โ€œแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„โ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€œโ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€แ€™แ€แฝแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€แ€โ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แฝแ€ผแ‚แ€•แ€แ‚”แ€€แ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ‚”แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ‹โ€œแ€€แฝแ€ผแ‚แ€•แ€แ‚” แ€™แ€€แ€แ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แ€™แ€•แ€ซแโ€แ€œแ‚” แ€‚แ‚แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€€แ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ‚แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€œแ€‘แ€แ€›แ€•แ€œแ€ธแŠแ€›แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€œแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ‚” แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€–แ‚แ€•แŠแ€–แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแŠแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแŠแ€Šแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€•แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€” แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€…แ€€แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ฌ แ€—แ€œ แ€แ€•แ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ‚”แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„โ€œแ€Ÿแ€’แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€แ€œแ‚” แ€แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ‹

แ€กแ€’แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€€โ€œแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธโ€แ€œแ‚” แ€€แ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€แ‚”แ€‘แ€ผแ€„แ€แ‚”แ€แ‚”(แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€”แ‚”แ€แ‚”โ€œแ€‘แ€ผแ€”โ€แ€แ‚”แ€แ‚”)แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ โ€œแ€•แ€ซแ€โ€แ€†แ€”แ‚•แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠโ€œแŠแ€žแ€™แ€‚แขโ€ แ€†แ€”แ‚•แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠแ€กแ€›แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€†แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€†แ€” แ‚•แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€• แ€ซแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€€แ€ แ€„ แ€Š แ€ผ แ€” แ‚” แ€œ แ€• แ€ แ€ แ€ แ‚” แŠ แ€œ แ€• แ€ แ‚” แ€ แ‚” แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€†แ€” แ‚”แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ แ‚” แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€•แ€˜แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€Šแ€ผแ€” แ‚”แ€™แ€œแ€• แ€žแ€„แ‚”แ€˜โ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€‚แ€”แ€•โ€แ€”แ‚” แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€™แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€ แ€ผแ€ฑแ€ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€• แ€ป แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€„ แ‚” แ€• แ€ซแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ€•แ€ซแ‹โ™ฆ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€’แ€‡แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแˆแ€›แ€€แŠแ€”แ€”แ€€แ:แƒแ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€›

แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ‹

EdkifiHa&;aqmif;yg; A 31

Page 32: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012xif&Sm;ausmfMum;jrefrmrsm; tquf A 32

แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€•แ€…แ€แ€แ€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€„แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€€ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€™แ‚” แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹แ€งแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€›แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€šแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚” แ€™แ€šแ‹NEDแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€… แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแŠแ€กแ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€†แ€œแ‚”แ€šแ€†แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€Ÿแ€”แ€‘แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€– แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฅแ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€• แ‚”แ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€› แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€• แ‹แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€processแ€แ€แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ‹แ€™แ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€œแ€Šแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ‹แ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ž แ‚”แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ž แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€”แ€” แ‚”แ€œแ€• แพแ€€แ€› แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ž แ‚”แ€Ÿแ€”แ€” แ‚” แ€ž แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹แ€žแ‚”แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€œแ€•แ€แ€šแ‹แ€แ€แ€”แ€แ€แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€•แ€€แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€†แ€แ€€ แ€แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€†แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€€แ€šแ‚”แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แŠแ€€แ€šแ‚” แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€€แ€•แ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€œแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€œแ€ธแ€‘แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ€•แ€›แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€’แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€žแ€„แ‚”แ€žแ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€™แ€šแ‹แ€แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€†แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹

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แ€œแ€‘แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€žแ€šแ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€”แ€แ‚”แ€–แ€šแ€’แ€›แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€€ Federal แ€€แ€œแ€€แ€ แ‚แ€„แ€–แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€šแ‹แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€™แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€˜แ‹แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€˜แ€ธแ‹แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€Ÿแ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€™ แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€€แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€šแ‹แ€แ€’แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€„แ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€ฑแ€ แ€ผ แ€› แ€• แ€ซแ€œ แ€™ แ‚” แ€™ แ€š แ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแ‚”แ€•แ€ซแ‹แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

(แ€›แ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€‚แ€‡แ€€แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€— แ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€– แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ‚” แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹)

pm 30 OD;cGefxGef;OD; rS

Page 33: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

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Page 34: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 34jrefrmjynfowif;'dkif,m&D

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€ปแ€™แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ‚”แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€€แ€แ€ผ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€กแ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€‚แ€„แ€… IAEA แ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ€แ‹ แ‚แ€แแ-แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€˜แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” (แแ…) แ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ†แ… แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€แ€•แ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€•แ€›แ€” แ€กแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€‘แ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‰แ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€” แฟแ€™ แ‚• แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€› แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€šแ€กแ€€แ€…แ€žแ€™ แผแ€ แ€กแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แ‚ แ€„ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ž แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€œ แ‚Š แ€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ก แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ„ แ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ€€ แ€žแ€™แ แ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€„แ„แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œ แ€˜แ€ผแ‚•แ‚แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€œแ€‘แ€€ แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแˆแ‹ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€”แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚• (ICRC) แ€€ แ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ‚ แ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€–แ€œแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€แ€ผ แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€”แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‡แ‹ แ€™แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€› แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€”แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€› แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ‚แ† แ€› แ€ผแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€›แ€แ€•แ€„ แ€แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€€แ€™ แธแ€ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€†แ‚แตแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ†แ‹ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ƒแ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€€ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€…แฅแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€Šแฟแ€„แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’ แ€…แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แฟแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฅแ€ฌแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ…แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ (แ„แ…แ‚) แ€ฅแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€™แ‚ˆแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€„แ€‘แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’ แ€•แ€’แ€™ แ„แ€ (แ) แ€กแ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€’แ€แ€™ แ€œแ€ผแ€แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ„แ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€” แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€šแ€”แ€™แ€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธ (แ…) แ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€œแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€šแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€Š แ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€Šแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแƒแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€œแ€šแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แ€แ€แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ†.แˆ แ€› แ€žแ€Š แ€„แ€œแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› (แ‚แ†) แ€ฅแ€ธแŠ แ€’แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€ž แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› (แ‚แƒแ€) แ€›แฟแ€•แ€ธ (แแ‚) แ€ฅแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€† แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€”แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” IFRC แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‚แ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€Š (แƒแ€แ€) แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€Š แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แคแ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€žแ€…แ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแแ‹ แ€…แ€…แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€˜แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€ แ„แ… แ€™แ€„แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€€ แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ปแ€•แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€”แ€”แ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€›แ€…แ€แ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€œ แ†.แˆ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€› แ€„แ€œแ€„แ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แ€แ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€…แ€€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€Ÿแ€™แผแ€œแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€€แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€™แŠ แ€™แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ€ธแ€Šแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€•แ€แ€€แ€แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ€แ‹ แ€แ€”แ€žแคแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€„แ€ธแŠแฟแ€™แ€แฟแ€™ แ‚• แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€˜แ€€ (แแ‡) แ€™แ€„แ€กแ€€แ€ผแ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€› แ…แ€ แ€™แ€‚แขแ€ซแ€แ€• แ€‘แ€แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€™แ€Š แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€žแ€ธ แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ‚ แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ผ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ (แ†) แ€›แ€€แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€…แ€›แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‰แ‹ แ€…แ€…แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€˜แ€œแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€แ€•แ€žแ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€แ€•แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€„ แ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€•แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ (แ‚แ…) แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€œ (แ‡แ€) แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€’แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€›แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แˆแ‹ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แฟแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€€แ€œแ€žแ€™แ€‚แขแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚• (แ€šแ€”แ€†แ€€-แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ) แ€ แ‚”แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€แ‚แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€กแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€† แ€ผแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€šแ€”แ€†แ€€แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‡แ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€ฌแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€‡แ€”แ€› แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€žแ€…แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€Š แ€…แ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€…แ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€Šแ€•แ€ซ แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ (แแ…แ€)แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ„แ€„แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ

pmrsufESm 35 odk h

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€†แ€ แ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€› แ€„แ€˜แ€€แ€€ แ€œ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€› แ€ž แ€Š แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€™ แ€› แ€™แ€ธ แ€€ แ€”แ€ธ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€” แ€š แŠ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ž แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€› แ‚• แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€› แ€ผ แ‚• แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ† แ‹ แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€” แ€š แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€•แ€‹แ€•แ€€แกแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แแ‰แˆแ‚ แ€แ‚แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€” แ€š แŠ แ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€” แ€š แ€™ แ€›แ€Ÿแ€„แ€‚แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌ แ… แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ…แ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€แแแ€แ‚แ€…แŠ แ€™แ€แ€œแ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€€แ€• แ€ผแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€ แ‚ ,แ€แ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ธ แ€กแ€™ แ€… แ€ผ แ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€ผแ€ฌแ แ€‘ แ€ผ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€› แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€› แ€ž แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„(แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ) แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€ธ-PWO แ€™ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ„แ‹ แ€žแ€™ แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ‚แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€—แ€šแ€”แ€€แ€„แ€ธแฟแ€™ แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€Š ( แ‰ ) แ‚€ แ€€แ€™แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™แ€ฌแ€€ ASEM แ€ฑแ€ แš แ€กแ€ฌแ€› -แ€ฅแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ฑ แ€† แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑ แ‚ แ€ผแ€ธ แ€• แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€› แ€” แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ฌแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แฟ แ€„ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€‚ แขแ‚ แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€… แ€ก แ€† แ€„ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚• แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€›แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€œแ€€แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ…แ แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€‚ แขแ€œแ€€แ€™ แ„แ‰ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ แ€„แ‚ แ‚ˆ แ€”แ€ธ แ€• แ€„ แ€† แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€แ€šแ€œแ€• แ‚” แ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€€ โ€œแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€›แ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€„ แ€€แ€™ แธแ€โ€ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€– แ€ผ แ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธ แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€› แ€šแ€šแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ‹ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™ แ€•แ‚ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€™ แพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒ แ แ‹ แ€€ แ€œ แ€ž แ€™ แ€‚ แข แ€™แ€ธแ€šแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌแ€‡แ€แ€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ‚ แ€™แ€”แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” UNODC แ แ€กแ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€› แ€†แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ‚แ€…แ€•แ€แ€œแ€Š แ€กแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ‚แ€„แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€™ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€˜แ€”แ€ธแ€… แ€€แ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€แ‚ แ€…แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ แ‡ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ แ€„ แ‚ แ‚ˆ แ€”แ€ธ แ€”แ€ธ แ€• แ€ซแ€ธ แ€แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€แ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒแ€แ‹ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€ แ‚” แ€แ€›แ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„ แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€œแฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‰ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€˜แ€€แ€…แ€œแ‚Šแ€™แ€ธแฟแ€แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ‚‘ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ‚แ€แแ‚-แ‚แ€แแ„) แ€€ แ‚ แ‚แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€• แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€Œแ€ฌ แ€” แ€’ แ€ แ€š แ€ แ€” แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แˆ แ‹ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€›แ€ แ€„แ€ฑแ€ แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠ แ€›แ€ แ€„แ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€™ แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€…แ€แ€แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแ€”แ€šแ€€แ€แ€แ€€ แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ‡ แ‹ แ€แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€• แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€ แ€•แ€‹แ€•แ€€แกแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ แ‚,แƒแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ธแ‚ แ‚ˆ แ‚•แ€–แ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€›แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€… แ€ผ แ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€‘ แ€ผ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€” แ€› แ€ž แ€Š แ€’ แ€€ แกแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€” แ€žแ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธ แ„ , แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€› แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ†แ‹ แ€กแ€…แฅแ€œแ€™แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€… แ€’ แ€• แ€ผแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€™ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แฅแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€€ แ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ก แ€† แ€• แ€ซ แ€• แ€ผ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€• แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€› แ€แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ…แ‹ แ€›แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ‚แ แ€›แ€€แ€™ แ‚แ† แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚•แ€กแ€‘ แ† แ€›แ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแพแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€–แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€ž แ†แ„ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€žแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ„ แ‹ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€ แ€ผ แฟ แ€™ แ‚•แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€ แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€‚ แขแ€™ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€แ€€แ€žแ€œ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€• แ€ แ€ž แ€€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€† แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€œแ€Š แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แƒแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€—แ€’แถแ€‚แ€ซแ€šแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€•แ€™แ€œแ€ผแ€šแ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€™แ€Š แ€™แ‚ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ -แ€‚ แ€ซแ€šแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€• แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธ MAI แ€™ แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€•แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€Ÿ แ€žแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‚แ‹ แ€›แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฆแ€ธ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€ แ‚”แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€ซแ€œแ€แ‚”แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€‹แ€•แ€€แกแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌ แ… แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€™ แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ แ†แ€แ€ แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€œ แ… แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€‘แ€แ€€แ€’แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ แ‹ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แŠ แ€’แ€‚แ€†แ€•แ€€แ€™แ€ธแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€™ แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€…แ€€แ€› แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€‚ แข แŠ แ€’ แ€‚ แ€† แ€• แ€€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ก แ€‘ แ€Š แ€ แ€• แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€‚ แข แŠ แ€กแ€ฌแ€› แ€”แ€‚ แ€ซแ€ธ (MMM)แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€ แ€• แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€™แ€‚แขแŠ HK แ€•แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€แ€… แ€…แ€€แ€› แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€™แ€‚แขแ‚แ€„ Beautiful Wood แ€žแ€…แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€Š แ€…แ€€แ€› แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€‚แข แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ‚แ€แ€) แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ„แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ‚”แ แ€› แ€• แ€„แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€›แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€ แ‹ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€„ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œแ€•แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€Š The New Light Of Myanmar แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ‚ แ€„ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€œ แ€‘ แ€ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ก แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ป แ€–แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€†แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‰แ‹ แ€›แ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€กแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ‚‰แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€กแ€œ แ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ แ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€• แ€ซแ€€ แ€…แ€…แ€… แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€กแ€› แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€š แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ผ แ€กแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€› แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแˆ แ‹ แ€ฑแ€” แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€šแ€ฑ แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€› แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€Š แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€™แ€… แฅแ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€œ แ€š แ€˜ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ‚• แ€†แ€ฑ แ€† แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑ แ‚ แ€ผแ€ธ แ€ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€แ€• แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚แ€„แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ‡ แ‹ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แ€› แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€• แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธ แ แ€ แ€ แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€ แ€ แ€™แ€ธ แ€› แ€„

แ€กแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€—แ€Ÿแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€• (แ€šแ€ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ) แ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€€แ€€ แ€œแ‚Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€” แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€†แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€†แ‚ แต แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€†แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€€ แ€ผแ€”แ€›แ€€แ€™ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ† แ‹ แ€แ€”แ€ž แคแ€ฌแ€›แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€œแ€ฑ แ€” แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€”แ€ธ แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ธแ€žแ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€…แ€…แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ‚แ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€” (แ€žแ‚”) แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€œแ€Šแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ…แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€…แฅแ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” (Organization of Islamic Cooperation- OIC) แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€ผแ€€แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แŠ แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€•แ€แ€€ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ‚ แ€„ แฟแ€™ แ‚• แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€ แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€• แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แฟ แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€™ แผแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€™ OIC แ€›แ€ธ แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€…แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€™แ€Š แ€™แ€Ÿแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ„ แ‹ แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€… แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แฟแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€œแ€ธแ€€แฝแ€ผแ€ แ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ‚แ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€™ แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€š (แˆแ€แ€) แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แƒ แ‹ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€žแ€แ€แฐแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแŒ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€ธ แฟแ€• แ€„แ€• แ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€› แ€€ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ‚แ€„แŠ แ€แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€žแ€ฑแ€›แŠ แ€›แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แแ€ แ€™แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€†แ€‡แ€€แ€–แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€…แ€•แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ‚ แ‹ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€’ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€ แ€•แ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€žแ€ธแ€™ แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€ แ€ฑแ€„ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€› UNFCCI แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€… แ€ธ แ€€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€€ แ€š แ€€ แ€š แ€ป แ€• แ€” แ‚” แ€ป แ€• แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€†แ€•แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ€›แ€•แ€† แ€กแ€แ€ฅแ€›แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€ แ€€ แ‚ แ€„ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ธ แ€› แ€” แ€™แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€ž แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ€แ‹ แ€›แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ‚ แ€„ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ O I C แ‚แ€ธ แ€– แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€™ แ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€… แ€…แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผแ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ž แ€ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ แ แ€†แ‚แตแ€‘แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‰ แ‹ แ€Š แ€Š แ€ผ แ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚” (UNA) แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€œแ€šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€œแ€šแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€™แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€› แ€ผ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚• แ€ก แ€… แ€Šแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€ก แ€…แ€ธ แ€› แ€กแ€ฑ แ€” แ€ป แ€– แ€„ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€”แ€Šแ€ธแ€ฅแ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ‚’แ€ฌแ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แˆแ‹ แ€˜แ€‚ แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€› แ‚แ€„แ€„ แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€˜แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€„ แŠ แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€› แ€—แ€’ แถแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ธ แ‚ แ‚• แ€–แ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€†แ€”แ‚”แ€€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€” แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€› แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€› แ€žแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€—แ€’แถแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ƒแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ (แ‡แ€แ€) แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€œ (แแ€แ€แ€) แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ‚”แ€€ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€œแ€Š แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‡ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แ€ž แ€Š ( แƒ ) แ€› แ€€ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€€ แ€›แ€ธ แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ แ€›แ€ธ แ€… แ€ฅ แ€€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ†แ‹ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” (KIO) แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€—แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€แ‚แ€„ แ€™ แ€„ แ€‚ แ€ฌแ€šแ€” แฟ แ€™ แ‚•แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ แ€„ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€–แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” ( Kachin International Trade and Culture Exchange Society โ€“ KITCES) แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธแ€€ แ€–แ€ผแ€„แ€œแ€…แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ…แ‹ แ€˜แ€‚ แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€› แ‚แ€„แ€„ แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€˜แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€„ แŠ แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€™ แ€—แ€’ แถแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ธ แ‚ แ‚• แ€–แ€€แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€™ แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€†แ€” แ‚”แ€€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แŠ แ€กแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€› แ€˜แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€› แ€žแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€—แ€’แถแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ƒแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ

แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แ„แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€žแ‚”

( แ แ‡ ) แ€› แ€€ แ€ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ฑแ€’ แšแ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ€„ แ€† แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แพ แ€€ แ€Š แ€ž แ€Š แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€†แ€•แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€„แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€†แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒแ‹ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑแ€” แ‚”แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ‚” แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€—แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€™ แ€žแ€”แ€ธ (แ‚แ€แ€) แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ แฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€”แ€ธ (แˆแ€แ€) แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€” แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€›แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€Šแ‚ แ‚ˆแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€‘แ€ The Nation แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ‹ แ€… แ€…แ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€› แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€’แ€€ แกแ€žแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€žแ€™แ€‚ แข แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€กแ€•แ€แ€€แ แ„ แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€›แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€‘แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธ (KWAT) แ แ€กแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ‚” (แˆ) แ€›แ€€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€ธ แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€„แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แŠ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€†แ€•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€†แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒแ€แ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ‚แ€„ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š (แˆแˆ) แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€– แ€ผ แ‚”แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€„ แ€ แ€„แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€š แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ฌแ€–แ€œแ€šแ€• แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแพ แ€€แ€ธ แ€” แ€แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€… แ€™ แ€€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€› แ€• แ€† แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€œ แ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€€แ€œแ€Šแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ‰ แ‹ แ€… แ€… แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€™แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€” แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ-แ€แ€™แ€˜ แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ-แ€šแ€™แ€…แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ€แ‚” แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†แ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แˆ แ‹ แ€ง แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€แ‚แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€š แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ก แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€œ แ€œ แ€€ แ€… แฅ แ‚ แ€„ แ€• แ€ แ€ž แ€€ แ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ž แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€’แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ก แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€€ แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ แ€›แ€แ€•แ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€€ แ€•แ€…แ€แ€ แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€ (แ‚) แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธ (แ‚) แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€’แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€‘แ€” แ€›แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‡แ‹ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€†แ€€แ€…แ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€แ‚”แ€™ แ€• แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€› แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠ แ€ก แ€› แ€• แ€˜ แ€€ แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ (แแ…แ€) แ€ แ‚”แ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€™แ‚ˆแ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€แ‚”แ€กแ€› (แแ‚) แ€แ€”แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ‚แ€แแ„-แ‚แ€แแ… แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€€แ€„แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ† แ‹ แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€” แ€š แŠ แ€›แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€„ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€œแ€‘แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€œ แ€‘ แ€ก แ€… แ€Šแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€แ€ธ แ€€ แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€† แ€›แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠ แ€œ แ€‘ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€ป แ€• แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€แ€แ€žแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€› แ€„แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แพแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š (แแ‡) แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€•แ€œแ€€แ€แฟแ€™แ‚•แ‚แ€„ แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€ แ‚” แ€™ แ€› แ€ แ€„ แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€› แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ…แ‹ แ€•แ€แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แŠ แ€žแ€”แ€•แ€•แ€„ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€š แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€› แ€ผแ€ฌ-แ€•แ€„แ€€ แ€…แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚แ‚ˆแ€แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€แ€†แ‚”แ€œแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€žแ€”แ€•แ€•แ€„แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€› แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ (แˆ) แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€œแ€šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€œ แ€š แ€ง แ€€ แ€ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€…แ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€žแ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€”แ€ธ แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€€แ€…แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€›แ‚ˆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚ แ„ แ‹ แ€’ แ€™ แ€€ แ€› แ€€ แ€ แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแŠ แ€กแ€…แ€ธแ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€† แ€ผ แ€’ แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€’ แ€šแ€ แ‚”แ€€ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€ป แ€• แ€Š แ€ž แ‚” แ€ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€’ แ€šแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑ แพ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ

pm 34 jrefrmjynfowif;'d ki f,m&D rS (แ‚) แ€›แ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ผแ€ธแ€• แ€ผ แ€€ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€” แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€› แ€กแ€„แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ แ€Ÿแ€แ€šแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แƒแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ž แ‚”แ€œ แ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚”แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แฟ แ€– แ€ธ แ€แ€ธ แ€ แ€€ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ แ€ฅ แ€€ แ‚’ แ€ž แ€› แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€กแ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ซ แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€ž แ€Š แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€แ€„แ€กแ€ แ‚•แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€žแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€…แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‚แ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ‚แ€„ แ€›แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€•แ€”แ€ธแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€†แ‚แตแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€‘แ€แ€•แ€ผ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€†แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แแ‹ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€” แ‚”แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€กแ‚แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€–แ€€ แ€œแ‚”แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” แ€กแ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€…แ€• แ€ผแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€• แ€†แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€†แ‚แตแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€‘แ€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ€แ‹ แ€งแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€–แ€ฌแ€•แ€แ€›แ€„แ€™ แ€•แ€„แ€œแ€šแ‚ แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€› แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œ แฟ แ€ แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€• แš แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€… แ€Šแ€ธ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ‰ แ‹ แ‚ แ€ แ แ‚ แ€ แ‚ แ€… แŠ แ€™ แ€ แ€œ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€ž แ€Š (แˆแˆ) แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ (แแ‰) แ€ฅแ€ธแ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€› แฟ แ€• แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แˆ แ‹ แฟ แ€„ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€ แ€ผ แ‚” แ€†แ€ฑ แ€† แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑ แ‚ แ€ผแ€ธ แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€ แ€ผ แ€€ แ€€แ€ แ€„ แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แŠ แ€•แ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€„ แ€ซ แ€” แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€ แ€ผแ€„ J u s t i c a n d N e g o t i a t i o n C e n -t e r (แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€… แ€…แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” ) แ€ก แ€™ แ€Š แ€› แ‚แ€ธ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€– แ€ผ แ€„ แ€œ แ€… แ€ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ‚แ€„ แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚” KIO แ€แ‚”แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€แ‚”แ€™ แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€™แ€† แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ‡ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€› แ€ก แ€€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ แ€„ แ€„ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ ( แ„ แ€ แ€ ) แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€• แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ (แ‰แ€) แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ (แ…แแ„) แ€ฆแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€ผแ€แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ†แ‹ แ€•แ€แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€ป แ€• แ€Šแ€แ€› แ€„ แŠ แ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แฟ แ€™ แ€” แ€šแ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€ธ แ€œ แ€š แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™ แ€ก แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€ แ€ แ€› แ€ž แ€Š แ€œ แ€š แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€œ แ€š แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€œแ‚ˆแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€ผแ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€šแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ‚แ€„ แ€ก แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€† แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ แ€› แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€…แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แพแ€€แ€Š แ€•แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€ผแ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ…แ‹ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€€ แ‚’ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚”แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€™แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€… แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ฅแ€€แ‚’แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแŠ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€€แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ IPU แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ซแ€œแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€• แŠ แ€‚แ€แ€กแ‚แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€”แ€šแ€•แ€šแ€™ แ€•แ€‚แขแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ„แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ€˜ แ€ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€„ แ€ผ แ€‘ แ€ แ‚ แ€„ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‚แ€„แ€™แ€Š MPU (Myanmar Pay-ment Union) แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผแ€ฑแ€แ€€แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€œแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแƒแ‹ แ€›แ€Ÿแ€„แ€‚ แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€• แ€ แ€ž แ€€ แฟ แ€•แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แผ แ€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ธ แ€… แ€” แ แ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€– แ€„ แ€…แ€… แ€€แ€„แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ธ แŠ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€„แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€… แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€€แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ‚แ‹ Euro Money แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ˆแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แปแ€ฌแ€œแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€›แ€„แ€ธแ‚ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™ แ€•แ‚ แ€™ แ‚ˆ Myanmar Global Investment แ€–แ€›แ€™ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€• แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€แ€šแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แŠ แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚ แ€„ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ แ€ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ก แ€ฆ แ€œ แ€• แ€„ แ€”แ€ธ แŠ แ€ž แ€ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€… แ€ผ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ก แ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€„ แ€”แ€ธ แŠ

แ€… แ€€ แ€• แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€™ แ€ผแ€ธ แ€ป แ€™ แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€„ แ€”แ€ธ แŠ แ€€แ€”แ€‘แ€แ€œแ€•แ€„แ€”แ€ธ แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€œแ€•แ€€แ€„แ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€แ€™แ€ธแ€€ แ€ก แ€€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€€ แ€แ€ฑ แ€” แ€› แ€† แ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ก แ€€ แ€ฅแ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ธ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†แ€ธ แ€œแ‚Šแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€’แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ‚” แ€žแ€€แกแ€ฌแ€›แ€› แ€œแ€œแฟแ€ แฟแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€€ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ‚ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€’ แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€”แ€ธแ€… แพแ€€แ€Šแ€‘ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€–แ€ผ แ‚”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ‚”แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแ€แ‹ แ€†แ‚แ€•แ€€ (SINOPEC) แ€แ€›แ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€€แ€™แธแ€แ แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€” แ€…แ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€– แ€ผแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€› แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€š (แ„) แ€แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แฟแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€œแ€šแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ‚แ€„ แ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€€แ€…แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแ€ธแฟแ€™แ‚• แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€ป แ€™ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ผ แ‚” แ€ง แ€›แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™ แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€ผ แ€” แ€› แ€€ แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‰ แ‹ ( แ‡ แƒ ) แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฅแ€แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€กแ‚แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แˆแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€”แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ Mr. Joseph Yun แ‚แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€ แ€žแ€กแ€™แ€แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ Mr. Derek Mitchell แ€แ‚” แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€€ แ€•แ€‹แ€•แ€€แกแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแŠ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ž แ‚” แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€” แ€žแ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‡แ‹ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆแ€‡แ€” แ€กแ€™แ€ (แ„) แ€› แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€„ MYUE & SUE แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€›แ€™ แ€กแ€œแ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€แ€œแ€•แ€แ€œแ€…แ€ฌ แ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€ก แ€€ แ€ผแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€แ€ธ แ€› แ€™ แ€› แ€™แ€ธ แ€€ แ€”แ€ธ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€” แ€š แ€› แ€› แ€” แ€€ แ€” แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑ แ€’ แ€ž แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แ€ก แ€œ แ€• แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ‚” แ€œแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€แ€€ แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ†แ‹ แ€กแ€ปแ€„แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ผแ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€– แ€ผ แ‚•แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€•แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€ฅแ€€แ€Œแ‚ แ€„ แ€ก แ€– แ€ผ แ‚” แ€ แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ธ แ€™ แ€– แ€š แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€” แ€œ แ‚Š แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€… แ€›แ€•แ€€ แ€†แ€ธ แ€ป แ€– แ€แ€แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€™ แ‚แ€แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€• แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ แ€กแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ…แ‹ แ€…แ€…แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€แ‚แ€„แŠ แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€„แ€ธ แ‚€ แ€€แ€ธ แฟ แ€™ แ‚• แ€” แ€š แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€œ แ€€ แ€• แ€”แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€” แ€… แ€™ แ€€แ€”แ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€–แ€šแ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ฌแ‚แ€„ แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€งแ€€ แ‡ , แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€ฑ แ€€ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™แ€ธ แ€† แ€Šแ€ธ แ€ แ€› แ€ป แ€ แ€„แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€ แ€œแ€‘แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ„,แ€แ€แ€ แ€แ€”แ‚”แ€€ แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ„ แ‹ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ‚ แ€„ แ€„แ€† แ€„ แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€žแ€กแ€™แ€แพแ€€แ€ธ Mr.Derek Mitchell แ‚แ€„ (แˆแˆ) แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€€ แ‚ แ€„ แŠ แ€€ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธ แŠ แ€€ แ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‡แ€šแ€ฌ แŠ แ€€แ€‚ แ€„แ€™แ‚ แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€Œแ€ธ แพแ€€ แ€ผแ€šแ€ แ‚” แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€” แฟแ€™ แ‚• แŠ แ€žแ€ƒแคแ€”แ€ธแ€€แฝ แ€ผแ€”แ€ธ แฟ แ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€› (แˆแˆ) แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€ธ แ€ แ€”แ€ธ แ€ แ€ผ แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€ แ€ผ แ‚” แ€† แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แƒแ‹ แ€กแ‚แ€ผแ€šแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ž แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€š (แ„แ‚) แ€ฅแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€™แ‚ˆแ€‘แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ แ€™ แ‚ แ‚ˆแ€แ€‘แ€ผแ€€แ€ แ€ผแ€„ แ€ปแ€• แฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€™แ€˜แ€กแ€•แ€‘แ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€‘ แ€œแ‚Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ‚ˆแ€„ แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแŠ แ€˜แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€กแ€™ แ€ (แ) แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ‚แ‹ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ แ€›แ€แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€แ€Šแ€แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€†แ‚แตแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ผแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแฟแ€™ แ‚•แŠแ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€…แฟแ€™ แ‚•แ€”แ€šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ธ (แ) แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€„ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌ แ แ‹ แ€กแ€ฑ แ€™ แ€› แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ธ แ€‡ แ€ผ แ€”แ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€แ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€†แ€•แ€žแ‚” แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€”แŒ แ„แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€†แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

Page 36: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012aMumfjim - Advertisement A 36

Page 37: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 37

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pmayrsm;rSm- Red Sorghum Clan, The Republic of Wine, Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out.

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€แ‚”แแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ‚”แ€€ แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€’แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€„แ€ผ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ผแ€€ แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€• แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€…แ€„แ€แ€ฌ แ‚แ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€›แ€– แ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€แ€€ แ€แ‚”แ€€ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ แ‚แ€แแ‚ แพแ€žแ€‚แ€แ€œ แแ‰แ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€œแ€šแ‚แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€” แ‡แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€‘ แ€…แ€„แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ‚แ€„แ€„ Poly Convention Center แŒ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€• แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€• แ€€ แ€š แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธ แ€† แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ‚แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€žแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€’ แ€ซ แฟแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแŠ แฟแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ‚แ€ผแ€šแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธ(UNOB) แ€™ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚‰แ€ธแ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆแ€ธแ€†แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ผแ€€แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแ€›แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€€ Boca Ratonแฟแ€™แ‚” แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€†แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†

แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€†แ€› แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€… (แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€‚แ€›) แ€€ แ€—แ€’แถแ€›แ‚•แ€œแ‚”แ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€žแ€„แฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€‚แ‚แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ แ€แ€› แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€ธแ€แ‚”แฟแ€–แ€„ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ‚€แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ โ™ฆ

แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€•แ€€แ€šแ€คแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ

แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€†แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€แ€€

แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€Šแ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ธ

แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€žแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚”

แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ธ

แ€กแ€œแ€žแ€„แฟแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€€แ€‘แ€ผแ€”แ€ธแ€žแ€…(แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€‡แ€ฌแ€‚แ€›)

แ€—แ€’แถแ€›แ‚•แ€œแ‚”แ€แ€”แ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€กแ€™แ€แ€แ€›

แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ Pittsburgh แ€ปแ€™ แ‚”แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ City of Asylum แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚‰แ€ธแ Jazz Poetry Concert 2012 แ€€แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แˆแ€›แ€€ แ€Š แ‡แ€ธแ„แ… แ€™ แ‰แ€ธแ„แ…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€‘ 330 Sampsonia Way แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€‚แ€•แ€… แ€‚แ€แ€แ€›แ€šแ€ฌแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€…แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™/แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌ(แ€šแ€RFAแ€ฑแ€›แ€’แ€š แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅ)แ€€ แ„แ‚แ€…แ€†แ€€แ€แ€€แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€šแ€แ‚แ€…แ€แ€ผแ€„`แ€กแ€”แ€ฌยดแ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ผแ€แ€–แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„

แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€™ แ€ปแ€„แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€…(แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ/แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ)แ€แ‚”แ แ€กแ€„แ€แ€ฌแ€—แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€€ Live แ€•แ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€‘แ€แ€œแ‚Šแ€„แ€แ€„แ€†แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

City of Asylum / Pittsburgh Jazz Poetry Concert 2012

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แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€แ€„แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€แแ‚ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แแ‡แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€™ แ‚” Chatrium Hotel แŒ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ‚”แ€†แ€Šแ‚‡แ‚แ‚ˆแ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€•แ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€‡แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€…(แ€šแ€ฌแ€š)แ€€ แ€ฅแ€€แ€Œ-แ€ฅแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ(แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ- แฟแ€„แ€™แ€ธ)แŠ แ€’แ€ฅแ€€แ€Œ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ธ(แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€ž) แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฅแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ผ (แ€กแ€šแ€’แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€• The Voice Weekly)แ‚แ€„ แ€แ€ผแ€–แ€€แ€กแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€”แ€”แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ธ (แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€• Asian Fame Media Group) แ€แ‚”แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€œแ€Šแ€–แ€ผแ‚”แ€…แ€Šแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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Page 38: The Mandalay Gazette - Nov 2012

(oDwif;uGswf=wefaqmifrkef; 1374) Nov 2012 A 38xif&Sm;owif;rsm;

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แ‚แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แแˆ-แ‚แ€แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€ผแ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แปแ€ฌแ€’แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€–แ‚แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€„แฟแ€™แ‚•แŒ แ€€แ€„แ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€Š (แ‚แ) แพแ€€แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€†แ€š แ€‘แ€•แ€žแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€žแ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€ฌแ€†แ€šแ‚แ€„แ€„ (แแ€)แ‚แ€„แ€„แ€™ แ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€™แผแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€€แ€” แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ แ€กแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€แ€›แ€ แ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€แ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แŠ แ€กแ‚แตแ€š แ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€™แ€”แ€™ แ€Ÿแ€”แ€†แ€„แ€ธแŠ แ€‚แ€•แ€” แ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€šแ€›แ€Ÿแ€€ แ‚แ€’แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€€แ€›แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€„ แ€žแ€™แผแ€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€˜แ€แŠ แพแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแพแ€แ€ธแ€œ แ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€‚แ€œแ€šแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€’ แŠ แ€”แ€šแ€ธแ€‡แ€œแ€” แ€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€Ÿแ€ผแ€”แ€‚แฝแ€ผแ€”แ€€แ€ธ แ€แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹โ™ฆ

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