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APA

The Basics Plus

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Overview

1. The APA format2. The format for references3. The format for in-text citations

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1. The APA format

Margins, Fonts, and Spacing Title page Body of the paper

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Margins, Fonts, and Spacing

1” margins 12-point font – Times New Roman preferred Double-spaced throughout

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Title page

The title should be no more than 12 words, centered, and in the upper half of the page

The running head and the page number should both appear in the header

For more information, go to http://writingcenter.unlv.edu/writing/apa.html

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Body of the paper

The usual APA paper should include an Abstract, an Introduction, a section on the Method used, Results, a Discussion, and References

The APA format allows for 5 levels of headings

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2. The format for references

References should be:

Listed in alphabetical order Started on a new page, with a centered

heading Double-spaced Arranged in a hanging indent format

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References: Books

American collegiate dictionary (4th ed.). (1995). Indianapolis, IN:

Huntsfield.

Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of

computer dependency. London, England: Taylor &

Francis.

Terusami, H. T. (1993). Relativity. In The new handbook of

science (Vol. 12, pp.247-249). Chicago: Modern Science

Encyclopedia.

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References: Periodicals

Gleick, E. (2000, December 4). The burdens of genius [review of

the book The last samurai, by Helen DeWitt]. Time, 156, 171.

Leftlow, B. S. (1993, December 18). Corporate take-overs confuse

stock market predictions. The Wall Street Journal, pp. A1, A14.

Morawski, J. (2000). Social psychology a century ago. American

Psychologist, 55, 427-431.

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References: Internet sourcesMany articles from Internet sources are now given a DOI number. Whenever available, use the DOI number rather than the URL.

Herbst-Damm, K. L, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital

status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health

Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain

agile. The New York Times. Retrieved from

http://www.nytimes.com

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3. The format for in-text citations For a paraphrase

At the end of a paraphrased sentence, place in parentheses the author(s) and year of the publication

The citation counts as part of the sentence, so the period goes after the closing parenthesis

Example from a sample paper:

Presently, we consume more than 500 million cubic meters of wood and wood products a year, an amount projected to increase close to 600 million cubic meters in less than ten years (Haynes, Adams, & Mills, 1998).

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The format for in-text citations

For direct quotations When using a direct quotation, cite the source immediately

after in parentheses Use author, year, and page number(s) Example from a sample paper:

Many others agree with the assessment that “this is a seriously flawed study” (Methasa, 1996, p. 22) and do not include its data in their own work.

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Remember… Include the publication year the first time you mention an

author, for example, Tanaka (2001). The year is no longer required in following references, if the source is the same.

When the author is an organization or a group, give the complete name and acronym the first time, then in following references, just use the acronym. For example, (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2003) for the first time, then, just (NIMH, 2003).

Between three and five authors, cite them all the first time; subsequently, use the first surname followed by et al.

For six or more authors, always cite the first surname followed by et al. and the year.

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For more information

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition)

Concise Rules of APA Style (6th edition) The APA website: http://apastyle.apa.org/