APA: Documentation and Format

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APA:Documentation and Format

A Workshop from the Writing Support Center

A Workshop from the Writing Support Center

Featuring 6th edition updates


Running head: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PROCESSING 1

Individual Differences in

Bimodal Processing and Text Recall

Bruce R. Dunn and Kate I. Rush

University of West Florida

THE TITLE PAGE (APA, p. 41)

For Journal Submissions

& general research papers

Note: Running head appears as header on each page (APA 6th ed., p. 42).


[2”]

Pepperdine University

Graduate School of Education and Psychology[1 ½”]

GLOBALIZATION AND EDUCATION [2 ½”]

A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction

of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Education in Organizational Leadership

by

Jane Doe Student

May, 2007

Anne Smith, Ph.D. - Dissertation Chairperson

Title Page for

Pepperdine Dissertation


Levels of Headings Think of heading levels as outline levels—or groupings

—but with different indentation rules. First, determine how many groupings you’re using for your paper:

• Countries [first grouping]• States [second grouping]

Okay, so we have two levels.


TWO LEVELS LOOK LIKE THIS:

Countries (bold, upper/lowercase)

Text begins here.

States (bold, flush left, upper/lowercase)

Text begins here.


CountriesStates

Counties. (Text begins here.)

Note: Levels 3-5 are followed by period, are lowercase, and text always begins next to heading.

THREE LEVELS


FOUR LEVELS

CountriesStates

Counties.Cities.


FIVE LEVELS

Continents

Countries

States.

Counties.

Cities. (No bold…)


REFERENCESMost references should include:

– Author’s name – Title of work– Publication information


A Sample Reference Page

Globalization 183

References

Borjas, G. (2005). Globalization and immigration. In M. Weinstein

(Ed.), Globalization: What’s new? (pp. 75-95). New York:

Columbia University.

Fischman, G. E. (2007). The university, state, and market: The

political economy of globalization in the Americas.

Comparative Education Review, 51(2), 251-253.

Rawls, J. (1999). A theory of justice. Cambridge: Belknap Harvard

University Press.

Rethinking globalization: Teaching for justice in an unjust world. Social

Education, 71, 15-25.


• Only the major publication for each entry is italicized: (Article title, Journal Title)

• All reference pages are double-spaced throughout (exception: dissertation reference pages).

• Capitalization rules vary, depending upon type of reference (e.g., book vs. journal).

• Each reference entry is indented after the first line (hanging indent).

• Never use bold, underlined or colored text in references.

Helpful Hints . . .


Reference ExamplesBook

Clifford, J. (1997). Routes: Travel and translation in the late

twentieth century. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.

(Always include city and state.)

Article in a Magazine

Stein, J. (2003, October 5). Asia’s diaspora. The New Yorker,

40-45. As citation: (Stein, 2003).


A Newspaper Article,No Author:

Darfur’s refugees: High motivation, few resources. (2004,

September 14). New York Times, p. A17.

As citation: (“Darfur’s,” 2004, p. A17).

In place of author, use first word or two of title in quotes.


Reference ExamplesArticle in a journal (printed version only)

Roy, A. (1982). Suicide in chronic schizophrenia. British

Journal of Child and Family Studies, 141(2), 171-

177.

• Volume number is italicized; issue number is not. • Each significant word in journal title is capitalized.

As citation: (Roy, 1982, pp. 171-172).


Reference Examples

Electronic issue of printed journal (article with DOI¹):

Cole, M., & Bedeian, A. (2007). Leadership consensus as a cross-

level moderator. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(5), 447-462. doi: 0.1016/jleaqua.2007.07.002

¹Digital Object Identifier *No retrieval date necessary since this is the final (archival) version.*No database name needed since DOI takes the place of database name or accession

number.

As citation: (Cole & Bedeian, 2007).


Journal Article (from database), No DOI

Hager, M. (2007). Therapeutic diet order writing: Current issues and

considerations. Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 22(1), 28-36. Retrieved

from http://www.topicsinclinicalnutrition.com

As citation: Hager (2007) argues…

*Give exact URL (if content is open-access) or URL of journal home page (if content is accessible only by subscription).

*No retrieval date is included because the above article is the final version.


Chapter in Edited Book

Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive

mechanism in human memory. In H. L. Roediger

(Ed.) Varieties of memory & consciousness (pp.

309-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

As a citation w/quote: (Bjork, 1989, p. 310).


DissertationFrench, M. (2006). The alignment between personal

meaning and organizational mission. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. (AAT 3241802)

For hard-copy only:

French, M. (2006). The alignment between personal meaning and organizational mission. (Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, 2006). Dissertation Abstracts International, 67, 11.


INTERNET-ONLY SOURCESShould include:

• Title or description of document• Date of posting or update • Retrieval date • URL (address)

• Use document names, not home or menu pages• Ensure that the URLs you cite work.


ONLINE REFERENCES

U.S. Government Report on Web site:

U.S. Department of State. (2004, June). Victims of trafficking and

violence protection act of 2000: Trafficking in persons report.

Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2004/

Do not include a period at the end of a URL since readers must be able to

access the reference’s site correctly.


CITING A WEB SITEIf there is no author listed, use the article/topic titleas the identifier:

Human subject research. (n.d.). Pepperdine University Web site. Retrieved April 29, 2009 from http://services.pepperdine.edu/irb/

Direct quote citation: (“Human,” n.d., ¶ 2)


DICTIONARIESOnline Dictionary Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary.

Retrieved October 20, 2005, from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/

Citation: (“Heuristic,” n.d.).

Printed Dictionary Mish, F. et al. (Eds). (2007). Merriam-Webster’s collegiate

dictionary (11th ed.) Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster

Citation: (Mish, 2007, p. 399).


Annual Report

Pearson PLC. (2005). Reading allowed: Annual review and summary financial statements

2004. Retrieved from http://www.pearson.com/investor/ar2004/pdfs/summary_report

_2004.pdf

Fact SheetRAND Corporation. (2006). Three steps for improving mental health care in the United

States [Fact sheet]. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs

/2006/RAND_RB9190.pdf

The organization is usually the author of these types of documents.Use brackets to describe the type of document when it is otherwise unclear. Divide lengthy URLs by striking the Enter key before a slash or underscore.


6th Edition Reference Change• Journal article with DOI, 8 or more authors:

Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. Cl., Asgaard, G., . . . Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267. doi: 10.1080/14622200410001676305

Note: Include 1st seven authors, insert ellipses and add last author.

From Publication Manual of the American Psychological Associaion, (6th edition, 2010), p. 198.


REFERENCES

• There are myriad sources and thus myriad formats for referencing in APA.

• Beginning on p. 193 of APA’s Publication Manual is an extensive list of types of references and corresponding section numbers to indicate formats.

• Visit : http://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspx

http://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspx


USE PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS• When summarizing

• When paraphrasing

• When quoting*

*Direct quotes always require page (or paragraph) number(s) in their citations.


Keys to Parenthetical Citations• Keep references brief

• Give only information needed to identify the source on your reference page

• Give author’s last name, year of publication and, when using a direct quote, page number.


Handling Quotes in Your TextTruss (1996) argues that “it would be nice if one daythe number of apostrophes properly placed in it’s equaled exactly the number of apostrophes properly omitted from its” (p. 65).

OR . . .“It would be nice if one day the number of apostrophes properly placed in it’s equaled exactly the number of apostrophes properly omitted from its” (Truss, 1996,p. 65).


PARENTHETICAL CITATIONSSome details . . .• Two authors, always cite both.

(Smith & Hong, 1982)

• Three, four or five authors, cite all in first citation; subsequent citations cite only first author, et al.(Martin, Villa, & Lewis, 2000) (Martin et al., 2000)

• Work with six or more authors(Smith et al., 1998)

• Specific part of a source(Jones, 1995, p. 332) or (Jones, 1995, ¶3) when pages are unnumbered.


PERSONAL COMMUNICATION• A reference to an interview, e-mail or other

irretrievable correspondence should be included in the text but not in the references.

An e-mail from Patti Anne Smith: (P. A. Smith, personal communication, May 16, 2007)


SOME DETAILS• Citation from a lecture:

(D. M. Rodriguez, SOC. 118 lecture, March 7, 2007).

• Secondary Source: “Smith’s study (as cited in Jones, 1993)…”

• On reference page: Jones, M. (1993). Seeing is believing. New York: Penguin Books.


PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS Recently, the history of warfare has been significantly revised by

Higonnet et al. (1987), Marcus (1989), and Raitt and Tate (1997) to include women’s personal and cultural responses to battle and its resultant traumatic effects. Feminist researchers now concur that “It is no longer true to claim that women's responses to the war have been ignored” (Raitt & Tate, 1997,p. 2). Though these studies focus solely on women's experiences, they err by collectively perpetuating the masculine-centered impressions originating in Fussell (1975) and Bergonzi (1996).

However, Tylee (1990) further criticizes Fussell (1975), arguing that his study “treated memory and culture as if they belonged to a sphere beyond the existence of individuals or the control of institutions” (p. 6).

• Punctuation always follows the citation, not the ending word, of a sentence. Exception: block quote. • When a citation is mentioned as part of the narrative, the year need not be repeated in subsequent

citations within the narrative. However, all parenthetical citations must always include the year. Purdue University Writing Lab Web site, (April, 2004)


Where can I go for additional help with APA documentation?

• Writing Support Center, West L.A., Room 522, 310-258-2815

• Check our Web page:http://services.pepperdine.edu/gsep/writing/

• APA Publication Manual, 6th edition

• Check the APA Website: http://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspx

• Try the free software RefWorks

http://services.pepperdine.edu/gsep/writing/

http://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspx

Documents

APA: Documentation and Format