Towards Cleaner Fuel in Indonesia

Ridwan D. TaminAssistant Deputy for Mobile Source Emission Pollution

Control Deputy Minister for Environment Pollution Control

Ministry of Environment

Manila, 22 May 2006

Presidential Decree No. 5 Year 2006 on National Energy Policy

establish security of energy supply energy elasticity <1 by 2025 optimal primary energy mix by 2025 for

national consumption: oil<20%, gas>30%, coal>33%, biofuel>5%, geothermal>5%, other renewable energies>5%, liquified coal>2%

Energy blueprint: domestic security of supply, public service obligations (PSO), mgmt of energy resources

Stages in pricing policy incentives

Gasoline & Diesel Consumption in Indonesia

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

Year

kL

Gasoline (kL)Diesel (kL)

Euro 2 emission standards for type approval

Vehicle Emission Standards/Technology

MoE Decree No. 141 Year 2003: Euro 2 Emission Standards

Petrol Light Duty and Diesel light Duty (GVW<3.5 ton ; Category : M1

Year

Enforce to New Model

Enforce to Existing Model

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Diesel Heavy Duty (GVW>3.5 ton ; Category : M2,M3,N2,N3,O3, & O4)

Idle

Idle ECE 49-02 (Euro-2)

ECE 49-02 (Euro-2)

Enforce to Existing Model

Year

Enforce to New Model

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ECE 83-04 (Euro-2) Idle

Idle

2013 2014

(Euro-4)

(Euro-4)

2015

ECE 83-04 (Euro-2)

Gasoline Fuel Specification RON 88

Limits Test Method

No Characteristic Satuan Unleaded Leaded

Min. Max Min. Max ASTM Others

1 Octane Number

- Research Octane Number (RON) RON 88.0 - 88.0 - D 2699 - 86

- Motor Octane Number (MON) report report D 2700 - 86

2 Oxide Stability (Induction Period) min 360 - 360 - D 525 - 99

3 Sulfur content % m/m - 0,05 1) - 0,05 1) D 2622 - 98

4 Lead content (Pb) g/l - 0.013 - 0.3 D 3237 - 97

5 Distillation: D 86 - 99a

10% vol. Vaporization °C - 74 - 74

50% vol. Vaporizaton °C 88 125 88 125

90% vol. Vaporization °C 180 180

boiling point °C - 215 - 205

Residue % vol - 2.0 - 2.0

6 Oxygen content % m/m - 2,7 2) 2,7 2) D 4815 - 94a

7 Washed gum mg/100 ml - 5 - 5 D 381 - 99

8 Vapor pressure kPa - 62 - 62 D 5191-99 or D 323

9 Density (15 oC) kg/m3 715 780 715 780 D 4052-96 or D 1298

10 Copper corrosion min kelas I kelas I D 130 - 94

11 Doctor test Negative Negative IP 30

12 Sulfur Mercaptan % mass - 0.002 - 0.002 D 3227

13 Visibility Clear and bright Clear and bright

14 Color Red Red

15 Coloring g/100 l 0.13 0.13

16 Bau Odor Commercialized Commercialized

Gasoline Fuel Specification RON 91

No Satuan

Min. Maks. ASTM Lain

1 Angka Oktana Riset (RON) - 91.0 - D 2699 - 86

2 Stabilitas Oksidasi menit 480 - D 525 - 99a

3 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0,05 1) D 2622 - 98

4 Kandungan Timbal (Pb) g/l - 0,013 2) D 3237 - 97

5 Kandungan Oksigen % m/m - 2.7 3) D 4815 - 94a

6 Kandungan Olefin % v/v - *) D 1319 - 99

7 Kandungan Aromatik % v/v - 50.0 D 1319 - 99

8 Kandungan Benzena % v/v - 5.0 D 4420 - 94

9 Distilasi : D 86 - 99a

10% vol. penguapan °C - 70

50% vol. penguapan °C 77 110

90% vol. penguapan °C 130 180

Titik didih akhir °C - 215

Residu % vol - 2.0

10 Sedimen mg/l - 1 D 5452 - 97

11 Unwashed gum mg/100 ml - 70 D 381 - 99

12 Washed gum mg/100 ml - 5 D 381 - 99

13 Tekanan Uap kPa 45 60 D 5191-99 atau D 323

14 Berat Jenis (pada suhu 15 ºC) kg/m3 715 770 D 4052-96 atau D 1298

15 Korosi bilah tembaga merit D 130 - 94

16 Uji Doctor IP 30

17 Sulfur Mercaptan % massa - 0.002 D 3227

18 Penampilan visual

19 Warna

20 Kandungan pewarna g/100 l - 0,13

Negatif

KarakteristikBatasan

Biru

kelas I

Jernih dan terang

Metode Uji

Gasoline Fuel Specification RON 95

No Satuan

Min. Maks. ASTM Lain

1 Angka Oktana Riset (RON) - 95.0 - D 2699 - 86

2 Stabilitas Oksidasi menit 480 - D 525 - 99a

3 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0,05 1) D 2622 - 98

4 Kandungan Timbal (Pb) g/l - 0,013 2) D 3237 - 97

5 Kandungan Phosphor mg/l D 3231 - 99

6 Kandungan Logam (Mangan, Besi dll.) mg/l D 3831 - 94

7 Kandungan Silikon mg/kg

8 Kandungan Oksigen % m/m - 2,7 3) D 4815 - 94a

9 Kandungan Olefin % v/v - *) D 1319 - 99

10 Kandungan Aromatik % v/v - 40.0 D 1319 - 99

11 Kandungan Benzena % v/v - 5.0 D 4420 - 94

12 Distilasi : D 86 - 99a

10% vol. penguapan °C - 70

50% vol. penguapan °C 77 110

90% vol. penguapan °C 130 180

Titik didih akhir °C - 205

Residu % vol - 2.0

13 Sedimen mg/l - 1 D 5452 - 97

14 Unwashed gum mg/100 ml - 70 D 381 - 99

15 Washed gum mg/100 ml - 5 D 381 - 99

16 Tekanan Uap kPa 45 60 D 5191-99 atau D 323

17 Berat Jenis (pada suhu 15 ºC) kg/m3 715 770 D 4052-96 atau D 1298

18 Korosi bilah tembaga merit D 130 - 94

19 Uji Doctor IP 30

20 Sulfur Mercaptan % massa - 0.0020 D 3227

21 Penampilan visual

22 Warna

23 Kandungan pewarna g/100 l - 0,13

Karakteristik

tak terdeteksi

tak terdeteksi

tak terdeteksi

Batasan Metode Uji

kelas I

ICP-AES (Merujuk pada metode in-house dengan batasan deteksi = 1 mg/kg

Negatif

Jernih dan terang

Kuning

Diesel Specification Cetane 48

No SatuanMin. Maks. ASTM Lain

1 Cetane Number :

- Cetane Number or - 48 - D 613 - 95

- Cetane Index - 45 - D 4737 - 96a

2 Berat Jenis (pada suhu 15 oC) kg/m3 815 870 D 1298 atau D 4052-96

3 Viscosity (pada suhu 40 oC) mm2/s 2.0 5.0 D 445 - 97

4 Sulfur content % m/m - 0,35 1) D 2622 - 98

5 Distillation: D 86 - 99a

T 95 oC - 370

6 Titik Nyala oC 60 - D 93 - 99c

7 Titik Tuang oC - 18 D 97

8 Residu Karbon % m/m - 0.1 D 4530 - 93

9 Kandungan air mg/kg - 500 D 1744 - 92

10 Biological growth *) -

11 FAME content % v/v - 10

12 Kandungan metanol dan Etanol *) % v/v D 4815

13 Korosi Bilah Tembaga merit - kelas 1 D 130 - 94

14 Kandungan Abu % m/m - 0.01 D 482 - 95

15 Kandungan Sedimen % m/m - 0.01 D 473

16 Bilangan Asam Kuat mg KOH/g - 0 D 664

17 Bilangan Asam Total mg KOH/g - 0.6 D 664

18 Particulate mg/l - - D 2276 - 99

19 Penampilan visual -

20 Warna No. ASTM 3.0 D 1500

Jernih dan terang

Batasan

nihil

tak terdeteksi

Metode UjiCharacteristic

Diesel Specification Cetane 51

No UnitMin. Max ASTM Lain

1 Cetane Number:

- Cetane Number or - 51 - D 613 - 95

- Cetane Index - 48 - D 4737 - 96a

2 Berat Jenis (pada suhu 15 oC) kg/m3 820 1) 860 D 4052 - 96

3 Viskositas (pada suhu 40 oC) mm2/s 2.0 4.5 D 445 - 97

4 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0,05 2) D 2622 - 98

5 Distilasi : D 86 - 99a

T 90 3) oC - 340

T 95 3) oC - 360

Titik Didih Akhir oC - 370

6 Titik Nyala oC 55 - D 93 - 99c

7 Titik Tuang oC - 18 D 97

8 Residu Karbon % m/m - 0.30 D 4530 - 93

9 Kandungan air mg/kg - 500 D 1744 - 92

10 Stabilitas Oksidasi g/m3 - 25 D 2274 - 94

11 Biological growth *) -

12 Kandungan FAME *) % v/v - 10

13 Kandungan metanol dan Etanol *) % v/v D 4815

14 Korosi Bilah Tembaga merit - Class 1 D 130 - 94

15 Kandungan Abu % m/m - 0.01 D 482 - 95

16 Kandungan Sedimen % m/m - 0.01 D 473

17 Bilangan Asam Kuat mg KOH/g - 0 D 664

18 Bilangan Asam Total mg KOH/g - 0.3 D 664

19 Partikulat mg/l - 10 D 2276 - 99

21 Lubrisitas (HFRR wear scar dia. @ 60oC mikron - 460 D 6079-99 CEC F-06-A-96

22 Penampilan visual -

23 Warna No. ASTM - 1.0 D 1500

Characteristic

tak terdeteksi

Jernih dan terang

Metode Uji

nihil

Limits

Cleaner Fuels

Unleaded gasolineDiesel with low sulfurAlternative Fuels:

CNG, BIOFUEL

Cleaner Fuel Plan

Unleaded gasoline to be introduced in phased in Bali, Batam Island, Surabaya and Semarang before 2005, nationally 2005

Open up private sector to provide unleaded gasoline.

Use of additives as gasoline

octane booster taking into account health, environment automotive industries views;

Increased use of natural gas for

transportation to reduce gasoline market demand

Reality

Nationwide 30% unleaded

Downstream regulation recently announced (Govt. Regulation No. 36/2004)

Requires ERA, at present only preliminary studies carried out

Draft Presidential Instruction (Decree) already submitted by MoEMR through stakeholders study by MoE. Jakarta already use CNG for busway

Unleaded Gasoline

July 2001 : Greater JakartaOct 2001 : CirebonJan 2003 : Bali June 2003: BatamSept 2005: Surabaya

Unleaded Gasoline in Indonesia

Existing

Balongan

Cilacap

Tuban

deficit

unleaded

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Demand Supply

MBCD

Unleaded Gasoline Fuel Availability

CITIES WITH ULG PREMIUM, ULG PERTAMAXAND ULG PERTAMAX PLUS.

CITIES WITH LEADED PREMIUM, ULG PERTAMAXAND ULG PERTAMAX PLUS.

CITIES WITH LEADED PREMIUM.

JAKARTA

BATAM

BALI

ACEH

MEDAN

PADANG

BENGKULU

LAMPUNG

PEKANBARU

BANDUNG

YOGYAKARTA

SEMARANG

PONTIANAK

LOMBOK

UJUNGPANDANG

BANJARMASIN

MENADO

AMBON

SORONG

KUPANG

MERAUKE

PALANGKARAYA

JAMBI

PALEMBANG

SAMARINDA

PALU

KENDARI

SURABAYA

Diesel Fuel Availability

CITIES WITH SULFUR CONTENT < 3500 PPM.

CITIES WITH SULFUR CONTENT < THAN 1000 PPM.

CITIES WITH SULFUR CONTENT < 500 PPM.

JAKARTA

BATAM

BALI

ACEH

MEDAN

PADANG

BENGKULU

LAMPUNG

PEKANBARU

BANDUNG

YOGYAKARTA

SEMARANG

PONTIANAK

LOMBOK

UJUNGPANDANG

BANJARMASIN

MENADO

AMBON

SORONG

KUPANG

MERAUKE

PALANGKARAYA

JAMBI

PALEMBANG

SAMARINDA

PALU

KENDARI

SURABAYA

Further developments:

Open up private sector to provide cleaner fuel (unleaded gasoline and clean diesel)

Draft Presidential Instruction on gas usage submitted in Oct 2005

Request to Mo State Coys to reduce automotive gas price from Rp.3000/ Premium Eq. Lt. (PEL) to Rp. 2200/PEL

Jakarta introduced CNG for Jakarta busway, recently launched by President

Jakarta to introduce three wheelers with CNG, initially 180

Clean Fuel Availability and Future Plan (Gaikindo, May 2006)

PT. Krida Petra Graha

RETAIL FUEL COMPANIES

PT. Petronas Niaga Indonesia

PT. Pandu Selaras

PT. Elnusa Petrofin

PT. Elnusa Harapan

PT. Raven Sejahtera

PT. Sigma Rancang Perdana

Shell Singapore

Petronas

GulfPetroleum

P’CIPALGASOLINE DIESEL

• Pertamina DEX (CEN = 53 ; S max=300ppm)

•ULG Super (RON : 92 )•ULG Super Extra (RON : 95 )•LG Prima 92 (RON : 92 )•ULG Primas PX2 (RON : 95 ) • ULG Petrol Super 95• ULG Petrol 92.

D-Xtra (CN=53 ;S. max.300ppm)

FUEL PUMP STATION

PT. Conoco Phillips Indonesia

ConocoPhillips

• ULG Pertamax (RON:92 )

• ULG Pertamax Plus (RON:95 )

• Unleaded Gasoline Super 97

PT. Premindo Mitra Kencana

• ULG Race Power 91• ULG Super Power 98

Singapore

Until 2006 Until 2010

Jakarta (18)

Jakarta (6)

Jakarta (12)

Jakarta (10)

Jakarta (2)

PT. Duta Karya Industry

Singapore • ULG Race Power 91• ULG Super Power 95 Jakarta (5)

Java (300)

Java (200)

Java (390)

Java (100)

Java (10)

Java (60)

Pertamina

PRODUCT NAME

Available Fuel in the Market

Bus way

Trans Jakarta Busway Plan up to 2010 with CNG

Biofuel Development

Resources and production: the case of Jatropa Curcas

Specification and standardsTechnology: automotive issue,

biofuel (abundant source) vs. hybrid (reduced fuel consumption)

Pricing policy and incentives: vs existing subsidy on diesel fuel

Distribution mechanismSocialization and communication

Presidential Instruction No.1/2006 on the Supply and Usage of Biofuel as Alternative Fuel

Coordinating Minister for Economics mandated to coordinate acceleration for the supply and utilization of biofuel

12 ministeries, governors and regents/city mayors to execute specific related measures

Trial Biodiesel

BiofuelBiodiesel

Biodiesel Riau Pilot Plant, capacity 8 ton/day

Estimate biodiesel need in year 2010

• If 2% of diesel fuel use biofuel~ 800.000 kl

Will require ~ 25 plants w/ capacity of 30.000 ton/day

Alternative Fuel

PERTAMINA recently introduced Biosolar into the market

The need for a Clean Air Act ?

Dominant source

The Path Ahead

Manage and develop on-line AQMS

Bigger role of MoE in fuel quality and promotion of alternative fuel for motor vehicles

Integration of emission standard requirement to annual vehicle registration

Promotion of mass rapid transport

Increased public awareness and participation on various alternative mode of transportation in urban areas health effects of air pollution use of environmentally “green” vehicles

• Proposed new Indonesia Clean Air Act:

address stationary and mobile sources, air quality, transboundary air pollution (haze), climate change, acid rain, ODS issues

Coordination meeting with multi stakeholders

Justification on needs of Clean Air Act, 5-7 July 2006

Academic draft

Revision of Environment Act No. 23 Year 1997

Institutional Capacity

MoE to enlarge its mandate and be more instrumental in facilitating enforcement through local government

Environmental institutions in local government to be empowered based on the autonomy law No. 32 Year 2004

MoE instrumental in the establishment of a multi-stakeholders forum (MEB, Clean Emission

Partnership) to address issues on air pollutions

Draft of national action plan (NAP) to reduce air pollution from vehicles

Development of National Action Plan and local Strategic Action Plan by ADB

BAQ 2006 speed up the process?

Better Air Quality (BAQ) 2006 Yogyakarta

13–15 September, 2006

“A CELEBRATION OF EFFORTS”

to pay tribute to what has been achieved in air quality management in Asia while highlighting the efforts that are still required to improve air quality in Asia

BAQ 2006 hosted by

Sustainable Urban Mobility in AsiaA CAI-Asia Program

20 March 2006