The Vanishing Civilization

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CONTENTS

Page no.

I Introduction 3

II The Zero Time Universe A Review of its origin 5-22

III Earth A Profile of the Deceptive Planet 23-45

IV Beyond a Global Nuclear Conflict A Profile 46-53

V References 54

VI Acknowledgement 55


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Introduction

I am a mechanical engineer by profession, working in the field of industrial production of electronic equipments and components for the past 18 years. Apart frommy professional activity, I was always fascinated by the mystic nature of the universe

around us. This kind of an intriguing approach has lead me to a consistent thinking aboutthe actual nature of the human mind, the reach of science in defining the phenomenon ofthe nature and the real secrete of the nature itself. The cumulative effect of this kind of aconsistent thinking resulted in studying the mysteries of the nature with a deeper interest.The resultant effect of the consistent thinking of the past several years is this book.

This book is a collection of independent research papers or speculative scientificarticles written over a period of last five years. The entire text is an outcome of anindependent study conducted in different fields of science and humanity during this

period. All the three articles are generally interdisciplinary in nature and are not confinedto a single field of science. The basic references for all the three articles are drawn from

general books of science. But, the conclusions are the possible realities for a distinctivelylong-range future of the present civilization. These conclusions are highly speculative inthe immediate context of the present civilization. Hence, the contents of the text are to betreated as a part of speculative scientific theory based on the scientific facts of the presentworld and not as a part of real time science.

The first article is a critical analysis of the theory of the Big Bang. The mostmysterious of all the events in this world is the origin of the universe itself. The scientificaccount of the origin of the universe is explained by the theory of the Big Bang. Thisarticle explores the possible loopholes in the theory of the Big Bang by relating theconcept to the human mind and the possible derivatives in different planetary conditionsof existence in the universe.

The second article is an exploration of the mystery behind the massive extinction ofdinosaurs, which is supposed to have occurred around 65 million years back in this

planet. This article further explores the possible causes behind the Bermuda Trianglemystery. The phenomenon of mysterious disappearances, which have occurred in theBermuda Triangle region during the twentieth century, contain the possible clue for themystery behind the massive extinction of dinosaurs. A further extension of this logic

provides a clue of what can happen in this planet in course of time.

The third article is an exploration of the possible eventualities in the unfortunatesituation of a massive nuclear conflict in this world. With the backdrop of a hugestockpile of nuclear weapons all over the world, no one is sure about what really canhappen in the unfortunate situation of a massive global nuclear conflict. An attempt isdone in this article to explore the immediate consequences and the long-term possibilitiesin the unfortunate event of a massive global nuclear conflict.

As mentioned earlier, the derivatives or the conclusions of all the three articles arespeculative in the immediate context and are not a result of any practical scientific study


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based on the contemporary norms of science. As the range of each subject is extremelyvast, these conclusions are derived on the basis of a theoretical analysis and hence are to

be treated as a part of speculative science meant to serve as a guideline to explore thefuture realities in the present civilization.

3 Nov 2003Hyderabad (India) V.L.Pai


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II The Zero Time Universe - A Review of its origin

For almost a century the theory of the Big Bang has been the scientifically acceptedmodel to explain the origin of the universe. Further, this theory has been supported by

enormous amount of practical data. Hence, any person thinking in a scientific way is bound to believe that, the theory of the Big Bang is the ultimate reality to explain the phenomenon of the universe. Rigorous attempts are being done to accurately calculatethe age of the universe or to arrive at the exact number of years since the event of the BigBang. But, the greatest mystery of the theory is the actual occurrence of the event of theBig Bang itself. By all means the event of the Big Bang is an imaginary product ofreverse calculations from the present state of affairs of the universe. In most of the textswhich we read, generally the age of the universe has been estimated to be somewhere

between 10 to 20 billion years. The most interesting aspect to be noted in all thesecalculations is the earth time , which has been used as the absolute parameter or theyardstick for calculating the age of the universe. How far all these calculations based on

the parameter earth time are really true can be revealed by a critical analysis of time as aconcept in the minds of every one of us.The aim of this article is to focus on hitherto neglected aspect of relating the human

mind with the planetary conditions of our existence. A differential analysis of how ahuman mind can think in different ways in different planetary living conditions andduring the times of high velocity interstellar travel leads to the conclusion that, the

parameter earth time is not at all an absolute parameter within the universe and hence,cannot be used to calculate the age of the universe. The essence of the universe lies increating an illusionary timed state within a timeless state or the zero time state of itsexistence.

1. Concept of time - as related to the human mind:

Time is a concept in the mind of every living organism in the universe. It is a fusedentity, associated with every living organism in the universe, without which the mind ofany living organism or the humans becomes non functional. We are born with time, welive with time, we age with time and we perish with time. Without the concept of time ,there is no life in the universe. Hence, time is one of the basic ingredients required forexistence of life in the universe. Always the mind of every living organism in theuniverse exists in the present mode of time. The past mode of time is the memory backupin the mind of every living organism in the universe and the future mode of time are theevents, which are yet to happen in the universe or which we are yet to come across. So,

past is a happening, which gets accumulated in the human memory, present is something,which is happening right in front of our eyes and future, is something, which is yet tohappen, or we are yet to come across.

It may be little boring to go through the above lines as every sensible person isfully aware of these things and there is nothing new in the explanations mentioned above.


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But the very objective of writing this article is to explore a new concept of time, whichwe are not exposed to. The objective definition of this article is to arrive at a new conceptof time, which is known as Zero Time. So, it is very essential to start with too trivialconcepts within which we are living, so that a gradual understanding of the new conceptarrives in the mind of the reader. Hence, an elaboration is done on the simple facts, to

which we generally do not attach much importance in our day today life. A carefulattempt is done to make the new concept as simple as possible.

At any moment of time, our mind is in the present mode or the other way ofdefining the state of our mind is that we live in the present always. We are born with the

present, we live with the present and we end with the present. With reference to the present, the past and the future can be defined. Hence the past and the future modes ofany event or occurring are linked to the present. This phenomenon is like unrolling of acarpet or a film reel. The basic reference point for the past or the future lies always in the

present. The operational guidance for the human mind in its present mode is governed bythe past, which is generally accumulated in the form of a human memory. Memory is

again a variable, which changes from person to person. Some people are gifted with avery good memory whereas some people may have a poor memory. But every mind hasa definite memory backup without which it is nonfunctional. It is just not possible to livein this world without a memory backup within the mind. Whether a strong or a weakmemory, we must need a memory in our minds without which we cannot survive in thisworld. So, the past and the present state of the mind are always clear. Present is fully infront of us in the form of events which are happening right in front of our eyes and pastas a backup whether strong or weak which keeps getting updated as present unrolls intothe future. Invariably all the three feelings of the human mind coexist and every humanmind works towards the future after a calculated analysis of the past as a memory. Hence,without the concepts of the past, the present and the future, the life cycle of a human

being is incomplete. In other words, we exist in this world because a definite concept ofthe past, the present and the future exists around us.

The most important factor, which is associated with any human mind, is the link,which exists between the planetary motion in the universe and the feelings of the past, the

present, and the future, which are governing our lives. The capability limitations of thehuman mind or the understanding potential of the human mind has a definite link with the

planetary motion in the universe. It appears to be a strange statement, unless andotherwise a careful thought is applied to understand the link between our existence andthe planetary motion. Now, consider the fact that a definite concept of time exists in theuniverse because of the relative planetary motion of earth on its own axis and around thesun. We have a clear definition of a day and a night because of the earths rotation aroundits own axis with a consistent speed. Hence, the basic unit of time is originated relative tothe earths rotation around its own axis. Our biological clock is invariably fused to thismotion and this is the basic ingredient of our life or the basic foundation for the operatingsystem of the human mind. A definite time clock is fused in our minds because of this

planetary motion. Knowingly or unknowingly we are operating or living in this world,with this as a fundamental link for our existence. Right from the time of our birth in this

planet we are continuously living with this link. Quite similar to any other fundamental


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and biological requirements for existence of life, like, oxygen, water and food, we needthe basic unit of time fused deep in our minds as the operating time clock to live andoperate in this world. Without the concept of time there is no continuum in the process oflife. All human activities are based on the fundamental yardstick known as time or inother words, all our activities and achievements are related to a yardstick known as time.

Further, the simple fact is that, the time period for a single rotation of the earth issplit into smaller fractions of hours, minutes and seconds. These are the smaller fractionsof the unit of time, which only enable us to plan our day today life and existence. Ourminds are invariably fused to these units of time and all our activities and happenings aredefinitely related to these units of time.

2. Concept of time with a change in the status of the planetary motion:

Without the planetary motion of the earth, there is no feeling of time . In that case thevery concept of time disappears around us. Consider a strange situation when the earth

does not rotate around its own axis. This is a totally non-practical situation, but animagination like this is being done to visualize the eventual happenings in this conditionwhere the concept of time has to be redefined. Now, in this kind of a situation where theearth does not rotate around its own axis, there can be two different types of livingconditions. One half of the earth continuously faces the sun and the other half of the earthis continuously away from the sun. In other words, on one half of the earth it is always aday and on the other half of the earth it is always a night. Whether life can exist or not inthis kind of a situation, due to lack of other life support parameters is a secondary issue.An assumption like this is done at this juncture to visualize the difference in the line ofthinking that can originate in the human mind with a change in the status of the planetarymotion, which imparts a definite time clock to the human mind. As our minds are

permanently fused to the time clock imparted to us by the planetary motion of the earth,we always tend to feel that whatever happens in front of our eyes is only the truth or thereality. But, we generally do not think of the range of this reality. Anything, or any event,which is logical within the range of our reality, may not be logical beyond the range ofour reality. The range of our reality is generally governed by the parameters of the

planetary motion within which we are living or in a broad based statement, we can saythat all our truths and realities are confined to the earth where we are living. Thevisualization of what occurs in the mind of a person living beyond the range of our realityis unknown. Hence, a visualization of a static or a non rotating planet is done to explorethe exact difference between the understanding potential of the human mind in the

present situation and the understanding potential in the changed situation where the parameter or the yardstick of time is different.

Now, consider the first case where one half of the earth always faces the sun and it iscontinuously a day. Further, let us imagine that a person is living in this kind of asituation. Here, the position of the sun with reference to the earth is always fixed or thesun is always overhead. It is always a day for the person living in this situation. The dayis continuous and never-ending. The concept or the practical occurrence of a night cannever happen in this situation as the earth does not rotate and there wont be any


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beginning or end for the day. This day is always a day or an eternal day. Then, where isthe provision for unit of time, when the day never ends? There wont be any months orthe years to count upon. Even, there wont be any seconds, minutes or hours to count andrecord the activities of the person. The very concept of time disappears from the mind ofthe person who is living in this kind of a situation. The concept of the past, the present

and the future do not exist in the mind of the person. Simply, there is no provision tovisualize the past, the present or the future because there is no fundamental yardstick oftime fused in the mind of the person living in this kind of a situation. The person alwaysexists in a state of an eternal present. All activities seem to be in the present whether theyhave already happened or are going to happen. The concept of the past, the present andthe future fuse themselves into a single entity known as the present. The words, yesterdayand tomorrow will not be having any meaning in the mind of the person existing in thiskind of a situation. Every thing and every activity is recorded in the continuous state ofexistence known as the present. The concept of time gets totally erased from the mind ofthe person. There wont be any universal objects or moving reference points in the viewof the person, which he can relate to visualize the past or the future. Further, the person

may visualize light as stationary or a flux like, than a traveling medium.Again, a situation like this is totally impractical, but we need to imagine a situation

like this to understand the further concepts, which are narrated in this article. The conceptof time can originate in the mind of the person living in this kind of a situation only if auniversal object exists in front of him, which is executing a periodic motion. He canrelate the activities happening in his world with the periodic motion of the universalobject such as the sun or the moon. The very objective of visualizing this condition oflife is to understand the importance of the link, which every living organism has got withthe planetary motion of the earth. In the kind of the situation imagined here, where any

person is living on the face of the planet, which always faces the sun, all the derivativesof the person are going to be totally different from the derivatives or visualizations of any

person living under normal conditions on this planet. What we conclude about any eventor any happening may be totally different from what the person as imagined in the abovesaid situation may conclude. As the basic or the fundamental yardstick of time is differentfor persons in both the situations, the understanding potential of persons in both thesituations differs widely. What is true in one situation can be totally untrue in the othersituation. All the derivatives of our present world may not hold good in this kind of animaginary situation. What we feel as perfectly normal and scientific may be treated astotally untrue in the imaginary situation. Or, what is perfectly normal and scientific in theimaginary situation can be totally untrue in our normal situation.

This is because the understanding capabilities of the human mind vary in both thecases. In our case where we live on the earth, the understanding capability of the humanmind and the capabilities to visualize the happenings and the activities of life are directlylinked to the basic operating unit of time, which is a derivative of the planetary motion ofthe earth. Wherein, the imaginary case of the person living on the face of the planet,which is always facing the sun the basic unit of time is de-linked from his mind and theconsequence is that, his understanding potential differs wildly from that of ours. What is

believed to be true by such a person is going to be totally untrue in our case.


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This kind of a statement may look too premature to conclude unless we visualize

some practical examples of what happens when a similar event occurs in both the cases. Now, consider the living conditions where we are living. We have a clear concept of time due to the planetary motion of the earth. Further, we have a clear concept of mass, space

and time fused in our minds. We can never have a feeling that the universe is static.There is always a periodic motion of the universal objects such as the sun, the moon, thestars and other celestial bodies around us. All the conclusions of the present civilizationor all the fundamental theories of science, which we believe as true, are basicallydeveloped over a period of many centuries by brilliant scientists, are based on this state ofmind within which we are living in this planet. In all the cases, the state of mind of the

person who has developed a new scientific theory and the state of mind of the common people living in this planet are bound within similar living conditions of the planet.Hence, there is always a common conclusion at the end. Any scientific theory has got avalidity and acceptance within the civilization, after a careful analysis is done by all theinterested people of the civilization. What seems to be correct for one person has to be

correct in the minds of other persons. This is the fundamental yardstick for acceptance ofany new theory. But, the most interesting fact, which is generally ignored in this kind of asituation, is the limitation of the range of validity of any scientific theory. To what extentour theories are valid, or whether what we conclude as true is really true or an illusion inour minds can be analyzed with further clarity only when we delink the factor of time from our minds.

The basic theory, which is presently valid in this civilization, is The Big Bang. Thishas been derived based on the fact that the universe is gradually expanding. This isclearly valid as the facts are universal and a clear motion of the galaxies is derived on the

basis of red shifts in their spectral patterns. As per the concept of the Big Bang, around10 to 20 billion years back all the matter in the universe was concentrated at a single

point. The cataclysmic explosion of the Big Bang is the starting point or the beginning of space and time. This concept is derived from reverse calculation of the state of affairs ofthe present universe. It is quite natural to conclude like this as our state of mind canactually observe the facts on which the theory is based.

But, somehow, we have to be extremely cautious in concluding whether this is theabsolute universal truth or not. The universe is extremely deceptive than what it seems to

be. Now, consider the case of a person who is living in an imaginary situation asexplained earlier where the planet is non-rotating. If the theory of Big Bang is presentedto him, what is going to be his reaction? Can he ever accept this as the absolute truth ofthe universe? The answer is never. When the concept of time gets totally erased from themind of the person living in such a condition, where is the question of beginning? Thereis neither any beginning nor any end. Life is always a continuous affair and the verythought of past or the beginning cannot occur in the mind of this person. The persontends to visualize that the universe is always static or a constant which never changes.

All the events happening around the person in such a living condition are quitesimilar to the events occurring in our dreams. Generally when any person dreams, it is


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extremely difficult for the person to recollect the time duration of a dream. All the eventsoccurring in a dream, even though they are sequential in nature, cannot be quantified interms of a real time yardstick known as time. For example, consider that a person dreamsof an event where he goes to a market and purchases some groceries. In a real lifesituation, if the person goes to a market and purchases some groceries, then there is a

definite time duration required for this event. Imagine this time duration as one hour.After this event of marketing is over, the person can quantify this event as the onehappened during a span of one hour. But if the same event occurs in a dream, in that casethe person cannot quantify this as an event with a real life yardstick of time. If any personis dreaming, the actual time period of the events happened in a dream cannot berecollected. The events happen in a state of flux where the yardstick for measurement oftime is missing. The word time has no meaning within a dream. After waking up, the

person can sequence all the events happened in a dream and calculate the actual timerequired for such events in reality and know the total time duration for such an event inreal life based on his experience. This quantification of time is based on the previousexperience of the conscious mind of the person. But in the actual process of dreaming the

scale for quantification of time is absolute zero . All the activities and events seem tooccur in a state of flux where the concept of time does not exist. An activity or an event,which can occupy a real time scale of a year or a month, can be squeezed into a zero timescale in a dream.

At this juncture a brief review is required regarding the phenomenon of sleep andthe states of the human mind. The human mind has roughly two different states. Theconscious mind and the subconscious mind. Generally, in a sleep the conscious mind of a

person is at rest. Only, the subconscious mind of the person is act ive. All the activitiesand events of the person occurring in real life are completely controlled by the consciousmind. The subconscious mind only monitors the situation. The conscious mind has adefinite yardstick of time fused into it, which is basically required as a reference for all itsactivities. Generally, when we are awake and carrying on with our day today work theconscious mind is fully active. The conscious mind of any person rests only in a state ofsleep. During the process of sleep, the subconscious mind of the person is active. Themost interesting feature of the subconscious mind is that, it can operate without a fusedyardstick of time within itself. It is always independent of time. Time is not the basic

parameter required for its existence and operation. The very concept of time does nothave any meaning for the subconscious mind. All the events that we observe in a dreamare the ones occurring in ones subconscious mind and hence are not time related.Probably, this is the main reason for difficulty in quantifying the time duration ofactivities happening in a dream. An event, which requires a relatively large time period inreal life, can be squeezed into a very short time period in a dream.

It is generally observed that sleep has two phases. Non REM sleep (NREM) andREM sleep. Dreams generally occur in a REM state of sleep. Here the word REM meansRapid eye movement. The NREM state of sleep is further divided into four sub stages. Inall these stages the subconscious and the conscious minds are at rest. Movement ofeyeballs below the closed eyelids of the person cannot be observed in NREM state of thesleep. In the next phase of sleep referred as REM sleep, the person actually dreams.


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During this time period rapid flickering of eyeballs can be noticed below the closedeyelids of the dreamer. A sleeping person undergoes NREM and REM phases of sleep incycles of 70-90 minutes of NREM followed by 10-20 minutes of REM. This sequence

NREM and REM repeats throughout the night. Roughly this is the mechanism of sleepwhich all of us undergo every night. The elaboration on the mechanism of sleep and

dreams is being done at this juncture only to elaborate on the concept of zero time or a timeless state of happenings.

Now, consider a situation where a physician is monitoring a sleeping personexperiencing a dream using an EEG (Electroencephalograph). In this case, the physiciancan monitor the time duration of the dream. Consider that the person is dreaming of anevent where he is flying from Tokyo to Moscow. In a real life situation, this event canstretch over a period of a few hours (probably around six to eight hours). Whereas in thedream, the entire sequences of this event gets completed hardly within a few minutes.This can be clearly monitored by the physician. But, for the person who is actuallydreaming, the time elapsed during the dream does not have a clear time duration . The

entire event occurs in a state of zero time , where time is a meaningless parameter for anyactivity. The reason for this is, for the subconscious mind time is not a relevant parameterfor any activity. An event, which can spread over a period of many hours in real life, canget squeezed into a timeless state or the zero time state.

For the conscious mind time is a prerequisite parameter to function in the normalcondition. Without the parameter of time our minds cannot function. When we are awake,our conscious mind is fully alert and is perfectly synchronized with the earth time. Allour activities happen in a situation where the yardstick of time is inbuilt in our minds. Wealways have an inbuilt yardstick of time fused in our minds due to the planetary motion ofthe earth. Once we go to bed and gradually fall asleep our conscious mind rests. In thiskind of a situation the conscious mind gets de-synchronized from the earth time . We tendto loose the concept of time as our conscious mind rests. During the period of sleep whenthe conscious mind is at rest, only the subconscious mind is active. Upon getting up froma deep sleep, the first thing our conscious mind tries to do is, to regain the lost link ofsynchronization with the earth time . This is the precise reason why; the first thing we doon waking up from sleep is to look at the clock or the wristwatch to know the earth time .This phenomenon is like a car moving off the highway, running over open land for ashort distance and then again trying to come back on to the highway. In this process thecar tries to regain its lost track.

For the conscious mind no activity is possible without the synchronized link withthe earth time . In a civilized world, where we are used to wristwatches and clockseverywhere around us, our tendency is to get synchronized with the earth time quitefrequently by looking at wristwatches and clocks. This phenomenon happens with everyone of us many times a day whether knowingly or unknowingly. As mentioned earliermost of us have to look at the wristwatch or the clock immediately upon getting up fromthe bed. This activity of getting synchronized with the earth time happens with every oneof us throughout our life times. This situation is quite similar but in a different way in acountryside of any under developed nation, where poor people cannot afford the luxury


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of wristwatches and clocks. Generally, the tendency of the public in such areas is to lookat the suns position or brightness of the daylight to get synchronized with the earth time .Hence, the synchronization of the conscious mind with the earth time is absolutelyessential for governing the day-to-day activities throughout our lifetime. As this processis invariably inbuilt in our minds and bodies we do not tend to attach much significance

to this activity.

Now, in the case of an imaginary person living on the surface of a planet which isalways facing the sun, all the activities and happenings around him seem to occur in a

zero time or a timeless state of the mind. In this kind of a situation, the conscious mind ofthe person behaves like our subconscious mind, which is not linked to the earth time . Allactivities and events occurring around such a person seem to occur concurrently in a stateof flux, without a clear time barrier between the activities. The past, the present and thefuture collide into a single entity of zero time . The very word time carries no meaning forsuch a person. This is quite similar to the situation occurring while we are dreaming,when our subconscious mind is active, which does not have a requirement of

synchronized link with the earth time .Within any person, the conscious mind and the subconscious mind co exist in a state

of mutually contradicting realities. What is reality for the subconscious mind need not bea reality for the conscious mind. For example, when we are dreaming, the dream is areality for our subconscious mind. But, on waking up from sleep, we quickly brush offthe dream from our minds as an illusion, because the conscious mind takes over thecharge of our decision making function. For the conscious mind dream is only an illusion.The contradiction in conclusions between the conscious mind and the subconscious mindwithin a person is due to the fact that, each operates on a different time scale. Consciousmind, when it is alert and fully active, always needs a synchronized link with the earthtime. Any activity or any event, which is not related to the earth time , has no meaning forthe conscious mind. This is the general state of existence when we are awake. During oursleep our conscious mind rests and also gets briefly de-synchronized from the earth time.During this period the subconscious mind is fully active and generally takes over thedecision making function. For the subconscious mind events in a dream are a reality. Thisis because the subconscious mind does not have any prerequisite of a synchronized linkwith the earth time . It can always operate independent of the earth time . An event, whichcan happen over a long period of earth time , can happen in a state of zero time for thesubconscious mind. Hence, always there is a contradiction in conclusions between theconscious and the subconscious minds within any person.

Generally the events occurring in any persons dreams need not be true in reality.They are only the illusions, which occur when we sleep. But, the example of dreams waschosen only to explain the phenomenon of zero time or the timeless state of affairs, whichoccur, on a non-rotating planet.

Now, consider the second case, which can arise on the other half of the non-rotating planet, which is always away from the sun. Here it is always a night or a never-ending night. Now, imagine that a person is living in this kind of a situation. In this case


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the ground level realities of the person are quite similar to the ones happening on theother side of the planet, except for the fact that all the activities are nocturnal. All theobservations of the imaginary person are going to be similar in nature without a cleartime gap between the events. Also, as the person happens to live in a state of an eternalnight, a day is always mystery for such a person or rather it is a myth. But, still as all

other living conditions are quite similar, all activities happen in a state of zero time , but inan eternal night. But, when the person looks at the cosmos, he can clearly see the starsand galaxies like what we see at night. If a telescope is installed in this kind of a situation,the person can observe the celestial bodies with clarity.

Now, consider what happens if the theory of the Big Bang is presented to sucha person. What is going to be his reaction? Probably, he will accept this as a fact and

partially agree with this theory. He can clearly observe the red shifts in the spectral patterns of the distant galaxies and conclude that, the theory is trustworthy. Generally, theobservations of the universe from such a situation are going to be quite similar to theearth based observations, except for the fact that, they are happening in a state of a

continuous night. The person can observe that the galaxies are speeding away from himor his planet. But, the strange factor in this kind of a situation is that, the factor known astime does not exist for any calculation. The word time is always a meaningless word forsuch a person. The movement of galaxies derived on the basis of red shifts of theirspectral pattern is going to be an accepted fact, but always de-linked from the factorknown as time. Our observations from the earth are always earth time related. Whereasthe observations of the imaginary person in this case are quite similar but zero time related. The other possibility is that, such a person can have a dilated unit of time, basedon the observations of relative shift in the position of stars as the planet revolves aroundthe sun on a yearly basis. Here the assumption is that the planet is revolving around thesun with one side always away from the sun. In that case, what is one year for us getstransformed into one basic unit of time for the imaginary person. Then all his calculationswill be based on this dilated unit of time .

The other way of visualizing life with different unit of time and its effect on ourminds is somewhat comparable to life on north and south poles. Generally, on any part ofthe earth we are used to life within the limits of four fundamental directions, east, west,north and south. All our activities and movements can be generally related with referenceto these four basic directions. Directions such as northwest, southeast etc. are mainlyderived from the four fundamental directions and hence, these are relative directions andnot fundamental or absolute in nature.

Now, consider the situation exactly on the geographic north pole and geographicsouth pole of the earth. In case a person stands exactly on the north pole of the earth, thenfor him the directions north and south do not have any functional meaning. The samesituation holds good for any person standing exactly on the south pole of the earth. In

both the cases the absolute directions north and south exist exactly in the vertical axis o fhis body and hence do not have any operational significance. Further, the directions eastand west collide into a circular path and an absolute definition of east or west is difficultto conclude. In such a case the tendency of the human mind is to loose directional


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orientation with reference to the axis of the earth. In practical situation of the presentworld, every flight moving in such a situation needs an external navigational support.

Now, in this kind of a situation if a person walks around without any externalnavigational support in the polar regions, the tendency is to walk around in circular paths,

even if the person aims to walk in a straight path. After walking for a while in a straight path the person may discover himself somewhere around vicinity of the starting point ofhis walk. This is because, even though the person is thinking that he is walking in astraight path, the directional disorientation in his mind forces him unknowingly to walk ina circular path. Further, this can be attributed to the effect of collision of east and westdirections in a circular path. Probably, this may be the practical experience of several

polar explorers. This is an example narrated to explain how human activities can getdisoriented when the absolute directional parameters change around in our livingconditions. The change in living parameters in polar regions is not an exact analogy forlife on a non-rotating planet. In case of a non-rotating planet, the concept of time getsdisoriented from the human mind whereas in the polar regions directional disorientation

occurs in the human mind. This example is mentioned only for a relative comparison andnot for an absolute comparison. An absolute equivalent for such a living condition isextremely difficult to simulate in our practical life. The situation of disorientation of timein the human mind can lead to extremely contradicting conclusions about the realities oflife in the universe and its absolute nature.

3. Concept of time - as related to the Big Bang:

The observations made by Edwin Hubble and Humason at Mount Wilson during theearly part of the twentieth century have led to the present day theory of the Big Bang.These are the extraordinary findings of the last century. A per their observations thespectra of all the distant galaxies is red-shifted. Further it is observed that, farther thegalaxy more is the red-shift in their spectral pattern. This has resulted in the conclusionthat the galaxies are speeding away from us. The more the distance of any galaxy fromearth more is the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from us. But, the fact to benoted here is that all the observations are earth bound . Our observations are alwayslinked to a factor known as earth time . For us time is a fundamental factor required for allour conclusions. But, the question is whether is it really true for the universe?

At this juncture this question may look like a very silly doubt. How anything in theworld can be complete without including time as a variable? The very thought of keepingaway time as the primary variable from our calculations may look absurd to manyreaders. Then the question arises how to go about calculating the affairs of the universewithout including time as a primary variable? When we know that time is the very spiceof our life, it is extremely difficult for anyone to visualize the state of affairs of theuniverse which has no significance for the word time. Strictly speaking time is a factor,which never exists for the universe. Whereas for all the living organisms including thehuman beings time is the rail track essentially required for existence of life. Time is the


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very spice of life without which we cannot exist. But, technically for the sake ofcalculations we can ignore this factor known as time briefly for a while for calculating thestate of affairs of the universe. For example, consider that a marine creature like fishdevelops intelligence like us and tries to think about the world. For the fish in the ocean,the limits of its movements are the boundaries of the ocean. It can observe all the

happenings within the ocean and can start concluding about the mechanism of life.Because the limit of its movement are confined to the boundaries of the ocean, the fishtends to believe that, life can exist in a condition only where there is water. Can it everimagine that life can exist even outside water? Also, for the fish, as the confined

boundaries of its universe are the limits of the ocean water, all its conclusions aredefinitely true within the ocean. But, none of its derivatives hold good beyond the

boundaries of water. This kind of an example may offend the ego of some of the readers.In twenty-first century, how can we ever try to equate ourselves with a fish in the ocean?But, when we consider that, the solar system is the ocean where we are living, all ourcalculation may hold good only within the limits of the solar system. Beyond the

boundaries of the solar system the equations may change. Any way, this is the opinion of

a new school of thought. If we consider interstellar travel beyond the solar system,considering the distances involved in reaching the nearest galaxies, the equations of time and space may need a redefinition.

4. Concept of time during interstellar travel:

It may be difficult for any one to come to a concurrence with the idea that time isnot a variable for the universe. With the background realities of our life, it is quite truefor anyone, to ever accept this as the reality. But, temporarily, at least we should doubt inthis regard whether time is certainly a variable for the universe or not. After visualizingthe living conditions of a person on two sides of a non-rotating planet the basic suspicionthat arises is, whether time is an essential variable for the universe or not. For somereaders this kind of thinking may look absurd or insane. We are used to a life where weare continuously synchronized with the earth time . The very question of life without thevariable of time may look as an utter nonsense. Without the variable of time no event inthis world is true for us. With this kind of a background it is quite natural for anyone toconclude that imagining life without the variable of time is a meaningless statement or the

path of insanity. But, for a person on an interstellar trip at speeds nearing the speed oflight, life without time is always a way of life. These are the extremely contradictingrealities of life and time. For us on the surface of the earth, no event is true or validwithout being related to time. But, for an interstellar traveler, all events in life occur in astate of zero time or somewhat near to this state depending on his speed of travel.

The practical feasibility of an interstellar travel at speeds nearing the speed of lightdoes not exist in the immediate context. The speed of light is 300000 kilometers persecond whereas the maximum speed attained by any manmade spacecraft is limited toaround 30 kilometers per second. This is far too less compared to the speed of light.Hence, in reality space travel at speeds nearing to speed of light is only a part of sciencefiction. In this article an assumption of interstellar travel at speeds nearing the speed oflight is done to visualize the practical realities of such a situation.


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For an imaginary interstellar traveler at speeds nearing the speed of light time is no

more a basic ingredient of life, during his travel. Yesterday, today and tomorrow are themeaningless words in his life during this travel. All events seem to happen concurrentlyor at a very rapid interval of time slot between the events, which his mind cannot easily

observe. As the earth time rapidly shrinks towards the state of zero time things startchanging in his physical requirements. When his unit of time is related to earth time , hemay eat breakfast in January, afternoon lunch in June and dinner in the month ofDecember. Probably, his food requirements may drastically shrink with the shrinking ofearth time . Anyway, this is only a generalized explanation and not an exact calculation.Further, there are two basic factors involved in the state of affairs of an interstellartraveler. One is his physical aspect and the other is the psychological aspect. During the

period of travel as earth time shrinks in his mind, his psychological age slows down.What exactly happens to his biological structure is somewhat a mystery. Whether such atravel leads towards a retarded biological ageing, is to be confirmed with a practicalexperimentation. Comparing his speed, with the speed of light, we can do the exact

calculations of his requirements. However, with the present level of materials technologyaround us and the lack of a powerful propulsion system, an interstellar travel nearing thespeed of light is not a possibility in near future. But, the most important factor in the

psychological aspects of such a person is, he is no more linked to the earth time . He istotally de-synchronized from the earth time . The life of an interstellar traveler is perfectlyall right without any requirement of earth time like us. Further, all the derivatives andconclusions of such a person can be totally different from the derivatives of the same

person while on the earth. Before the interstellar journey, if he reads the theory of the BigBang, he may conclude this as the perfect reality. But, during the period of interstellar

journey, as he travels at speeds nearing to the speed of light, he may start thinking thatthe Big Bang is not the correct conclusion for this universe. As he nears the state ofaffairs at zero time he may start thinking that the Big Bang never occurred, it is only anillusion, back on the earth. Once he realizes the truth during the space travel, upon hisreturn from the space travel, he may try to convince other people that universe isextremely deceptive than what we really think about it from the earth. At the same time,he will never be able to prove this to others on the earth, as all the persons around him are

perfectly hooked to earth time. Only he got a chance to de link himself from the earth time and move towards the state of zero time during the process of interstellar journey.Further, his friends on earth can get convinced about this phenomenon, only if they get achance for an interstellar trip to galaxies at speeds nearing the speed of light. In reality, asof now this is only a fantasy or an extended visualization for the cause of zero time andnot an immediate subject for experimentation.

Another curious factor to be noted in an interstellar travel is the synchronizationand de-synchronization required for the traveler during different phases of the journey.

Now, for example imagine that a journey is planned to a planet in a solar system around 5light years from earth. At the beginning of the travel, the astronauts mind is hooked toearth time . Gradually, as the speed of his travel increases towards the speed of light, hismind and body shift towards a state of zero time . He continues to exist in this stageduring the travel. Once, he nears the planet on the other solar system, he has to reduce his


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speed, and gradually arrive and get synchronized with the time sequence of that particular planet. On his return journey, the entire sequence repeats till he arrives back on earth andgets hooked back to the earth time like us. This phenomenon is somewhat similar innature to the experience of the present day astronauts who live in a state of zero gravity intheir space travel. But, upon their return from the space, they get hooked back to earths

gravity like all of us.

But, on the earth as our conscious minds are continuously bound with the earth time and also, as the possibility for experimentation of such a phenomenon are not easilyavailable, only thing we can do is to imagine such a travel and fantasize the different

possibilities in such a situation. This is only an attempt in this regard.

A perfect synchronization of the human mind with the state of zero time can occur asthe interstellar traveler increases his speed in space and tries to reach the speed of light.During such a period he can be in perfect harmony with the universe. Further, he canrealize the universal truths in a clear way. But, this is a long way to go. The objective of

the concept of zero time is, to conclude the realities of the universe in a different waythan the hitherto conventional way of concluding based on the earth time . It may look to be very strange to begin with. But, a careful and a rational thinking is required beforeconcluding this as a fact. As mentioned earlier, this is only an initiation for a new schoolof thought. By all means, it appears as though we are trapped by the deceptive trick ofthe illusionary universe, which is extremely stealth in nature of its activity. We have tocarefully, de-link ourselves from this trap to arrive at a different reality. Does it mean tosay that, should we discard all the earth bound realities and all the beliefs as of now?Possibly, never. All the ground level realities and the calculations regarding day-to-daylife are perfectly all right with earth time as the basic parameter. The zero time realitiesare for only concluding that actual nature of the universe is different, a non-expanding,static or a constant.

With this kind of thinking, temporarily, we may have to doubt whether the wordtime has any meaning for the universe or not. For the universe time is always still. Time neither begins nor ends for the universe. Only for us, because we are earth bound , time

begins and ends in the form of days, months and years. For the universe all the act ivitiesseem to be happening concurrently in a state of zero time . All events happen for ussequentially with a direct link to the earth time . Also, all our calculations based on earthtime may not be the conclusive ones for the state of affair of the universe. We exist andend, but the universe always exists. The happenings in a state of zero time for theuniverse are extremely strange and beyond the limits of normal imagination and cannot

be quantified in a single theory by a single person. But, for us back on the earth, allevents get stretched to our earth bound requirement of earth time . The universe seems to

be static or a constant in nature and imparts us an illusion of expansion for our minds bydeceptively linking our minds to the earth time . One person in a single theory cannotconclude this line of thinking. Only the line of thinking can be initiated.


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5. Age of the Universe:

Now, again consider the concept of the Big Bang. According to the concept,around 10 to 20 billion years back the Big Bang occurred. This is the beginning of spaceand time. At the time of Big Bang all the matter in the universe was concentrated at a

single point. The cataclysmic explosion of the Big Bang is the starting point for thisuniverse. When we carefully observe these statements, all our statements are based on theearth time as the fundamental yardstick for calculating the affairs of the universe. But, forthe universe, earth time has no significance. All events and all activities happen in a stateof zero time or in a timeless state The very word beginning of time does not make anysense for calculating the state of affairs of the universe. The significance of earth time isextremely enormous in our case as we are earth bound . It is an absolute necessity for ourliving. We are desperately depending upon this yardstick for the functioning of ourconscious mind. We can never imagine life without earth time . Hence, it is quite logicalfor us to use this as the basic parameter for calculations of all the earth bound events.But, is it logical to extend the same parameter beyond the range of validity of the

parameter? 10 to 20 billion years back means a considerable slot of earth time . For ourminds on the earth this is fairly a very long span of time, especially considering our lifespans. But, for the universal events happening in a state of zero time 10 to 20 billionyears may not be of any significance. When time never exists where is the question of 10to 20 billion years? All these figures are significant for the limited range of earth bound calculations. We are bound to calculate like this not because of any fault of ours. It is

because the deceptive universe binds our minds, especially our conscious minds with atricky link synchronized with the planetary motion of the earth. We are bound to ignorethis fact, as it is a part and parcel of our life, throughout our lifetime, like oxygen andwater. But, this illusion can come out of the human mind during the period of very fastinterstellar travel to other galaxies. Calculating the beginning point of the universe is likesearching for the starting point of a circle while moving in a circular path. If we aremoving in a circular path and are trying to locate the starting point of the circular path,then there is no end. By any calculation every point can be the starting point or an end

point. A circle is always an endless loop. Similar is the case with the universe. Universealways exists in a timeless state of existence, which is generally referred as the zero time state.

One more line of thinking prevailing in the field of cosmology is that the universeexpands till a certain point and then the process of contraction begins. The entire masswithin the universe collapses back into a single point in this process. The main reasonattributed to this contraction is the internal gravitational forces within the galaxies. If theuniverse undergoes a cyclical process of expansion and contraction in a sequentialmanner, then the question arises as to how many cycles of expansion and contraction cantake place in a universe. For example if we consider that 100 billion years of earth time isthe time period required to complete a cycle of expansion and contraction, even then onecannot arrive at the exact point of beginning of the universe. It is extremely difficult toarrive at the number of expansion and contraction cycles which the universe hascompleted and how many more to be completed. It is not possible to answer this kind of aquestion. The natural logical or the mathematical answer for this question is infinity.


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Even then the exact point of beginning of the universe remains untraceable withininfinity. The phenomenon of the universe seems to evade all the scientific logic ofinterpretation of its behavior. The basic problem for all these calculations is the parameterearth time , which is considered to calculate the age of the universe.

This phenomenon can be easily explained by the following example. Now considerthat a person is swimming in a swimming pool. The task to be given to the person is tomeasure the volume of water within the swimming pool using a bucket without movingout of the swimming pool and without spilling water out of the swimming pool. If the

person starts measuring the volume of water within the swimming pool with the bucket,then there is no end to his misery. Any number of buckets of water, which he measuresand counts, fall back within the same volume of water in the swimming pool and getrecycled. Similarly, in cosmology, earth time is our bucket and the universe is ourswimming pool. We will never be able to quantify the age of the universe using earthtime as the measuring bucket.

6 . Concept of zero time in day-to-day life: Now, for the common reader, what is the simple meaning of zero time ? It may be

difficult for some of the readers to visualize the state of affairs at the speeds nearing thespeed of light. Hence, a simple definition of zero time can be arrived at byexperimentation with ones sleep. Now, consider a simple experiment where a personsleeps in a perfectly darkened room (with an ample scope for ventilation) so that nodaylight enters the room. Further, there should be no wristwatches, clocks, Televisionsand radios around. There should be no modern gadget around the person, which can

provide a hint of earth time around the person. Now, consider that the person underexperimentation enters the dark room at 10 pm. At that moment the persons consciousmind is perfectly synchronized with the earth time of 10 pm. Once he falls into a deepsleep, gradually, his conscious mind gets de-linked from the earth time and he tends toloose the concept of time in his mind. Only the observer outside the room can observe theearth time duration of his sleep. Now, consider that, the person sleeps for 8 hourscontinuously and wakes up at 6am. Now, in this kind of a situation, as the room is

perfectly dark and devoid of any modern gadget, which can provide him an indication ofearth time , on getting up it is extremely difficult for the person to confidently concludethe exact duration of his sleep. Only the observers outside the room know that he hasslept for exactly 8 hours. But, for the person who has slept, the feeling of 8 hours cannotoccur in the conscious mind unless he looks at the daylight or a clock or a wristwatch.During this process of 8 hours of sleep the conscious mind of the person was in state of

zero time or a timeless state. This is the state of the mind of a person when he cannot havea feeling of time. Even if the person dreams during the entire period of 8 hours of sleep,still he cannot quantify the time duration of his dream in terms of earth time . This is

because the person dreams in the subconscious state of the mind and the subconsciousmind is not time related. This is the precise trick of the nature, which unknowingly bindsour conscious minds with the requirement of a continuous link with the earth time . Orrather, we are continuously addicted to the earth time for functioning in this world. Earthtime is the implicit spice of our life throughout our lifetimes. Without this factor we are


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non functional in this world. The most contradicting reality of our life is that we shift onand off from earth time state to zero time state of our conscious mind regularly on daily

basis. When we are awake and are fully alert our conscious mind is continuously hookedto the earth time . Or we are operating in the earth time state. This is the conscious state ofour mind, which controls our activity and conclusions regarding all aspects of our lives.

When we are fast asleep, our conscious mind is at rest and enters a state of zero time .During this period it looses track with the earth time . This phenomenon repeatsthroughout our lifetime on a daily basis. This is precisely like swinging of a pendulum,which oscillates from one end to the other end repeatedly. This example holds good forthe conscious mind only, whereas our subconscious mind is continuously in the zero time state throughout our lifetime. The earth time state and the zero time state of the consciousmind are like the two faces of the same coin. Both mutually contradict each other inconclusions and at the same time coexist concurrently in ones mind. In reality most ofour decision-making is done by observations of the universe in the earth time state. Or inother words, all our conclusions are earth based.

But the basic question is, how far our conclusions are really true when applied tothe state of affairs of the universe? Hence the basic doubt arises about the absolutevalidity of the concept of the Big Bang. By a clear analysis of our minds and bynullifying the relative effect of the earth time from our minds we may probably arrive at adifferent conclusion.

7. Possible deviations from the concept of the Big Bang:

Another factor to be noted in the concept of the Big Bang is the state of the matter and space at the moment of the Big Bang. As per the concept, around 15 billion years

back all the matter in the universe was concentrated at a single point infinitely hot anddense. This is the beginning of space and time.

Now, in this statement we have four variables used to define the concept. Theyare , matter or mass, energy, time and space . The constituents of the mass are the basic

particles, mainly the protons, neutrons, electrons and neutrinos. Energy was in the formof intense heat of the matter. The other controversial variables are time and space . Asexplained earlier time is not at all a variable for the universe. Universe always operates ina state of zero time. Time is only a concept in our minds, which is valid for calculating theearthbound realities. The other basic doubt is regarding space . It is quite possibletheoretically to compress all the matter in the universe to a single point. But, how all the

space in the universe can be concentrated into a single point?

Now, consider the simple example of compressing all the matter in the earth to itsminimum possible volume. Theoretically, if all matter in the earth is compressed to itsminimum possible volume, it can occupy a volume of less than a table tennis ball. As theactual volume of the basic particles (protons, neutrons and electrons) is negligibly small,the inter-atomic space and the intra-atomic space occupy the vast volume of space in anymatter. Hence, when all the basic particles in the earths matter are brought together,eliminating the inter-atomic space and the intra-atomic space, then the volume of


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concentrated matter can be very small. Matter becomes intensely dense in this process. Inthis case the point to be noted is that, while the matter can be compressed to reduce itsoccupied volume, the volume occupied by space before and after the compression remainthe same. The space occupied by the matter before the compression remains as alaboratory vacuum without any change in the volume even after the compression of the

matter . Only the basic particles can be brought together. But the space remains as a space without any change in the volume. Matter can be compressed or stretched within a space but can we ever compress or stretch space? It is rather impossible. Space remains as anintegral and unchanging parameter in this process.

This process is like compressing a piece of sponge. If a piece of sponge iscompressed to eliminate all the trapped air within it, volume of the actual matter can bereduced enormously. But, in this process the volume of air, which gets squeezed out ofthe sponge, remains unchanged. So, when the space cannot be compressed, the questionof beginning of space can never arise. Space always remains as static or unchanged. So,this is one more basic doubt arising in the concept of the Big Bang. Even if we accept

that all the matter in the universe was concentrated at a single point about 15 billion years back, even then all the space in the universe cannot be concentrated into a single point.Hence the major doubt in the concept of the Big Bang is the statement beginning of spaceand time . Neither space nor time can begin or end. They are always static in nature. Only

because of the illusion imparted on our conscious minds by the trick of nature, we feelthat they are variables.

The other basic question is how such enormous amount of matter can occupy asingle point? This basic doubt holds good equally for the concept of the Black Holes.How such a large amount of matter can ever be compressed into a single point ridiculesany logic. For centuries, all our concepts are based on the fact that , matter or mass isindestructible. It can only be converted into other forms of matter or energy. This fact isquite true in the entire earth bound phenomenon. Any deviation from this notion istechnically not acceptable. But, the basic question is how far this is really true in space ?Further, what happens to matter when it tries to reach the critical speed of light? Nodoubt, its mass increases enormously and size reduces drastically. But, beyond thiscritical point, does it become a part of space rendering itself invisible? A clear picture isyet to be formulated in this regard. Hence, the hypothesis to be arrived at this juncture isthat, inter-atomic space and intra-atomic space within the matter hold the mysteriouscapability of rendering matter unseen. Or inter-atomic space and intra-atomic space can

swallow the matter into oblivion? But, back on the earth, our earth time bound consciousminds cannot understand this phenomenon is the question. The answer is still not clear atthis juncture. The mysterious relation between matter and space is yet to be unlocked.Perhaps, the limitation in the capability of the earth time bound conscious mind is thehindrance for visualizing this phenomenon. Further, the absolute nature and volume of

space is not clear. Hence, at this point the exact relation between space and matter issubject to further thinking. The hypothesis in this regard is only a temporary conclusion.

By this kind of thinking about time, space and matter a very serious doubt arisesregarding the very event of the Big Bang itself. Especially in the first instance, whether


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did it take place at all? Or we are beating around the bush in vain? It is quite true thateven now, the red shifts in the spectral pattern of distant galaxies are noticeable. But, the

basic issue here is that, the Big Bang is only a theoretical model for the universe based onreverse calculation from the present state of affairs. But, when the concept of time is de-linked from the universe, the answer may be different.

Then the question arises, what is the actual state of the universe?In the absolute sense, the universe seems to be static or a constant. In the relative sense,with reference to the effect of planetary motion on the human mind and the influence oftime on us, the universe appears to be a dynamic network of matter and space with theillusion of time interlinking each other. Time is not at all an absolute parameter for thestate of affairs of the universe. Time is only an illusion imparted on our minds by themotion of light and the relative motion of the earth within the solar system. Withreference to the earth as the basic platform all events in the universe occur sequentiallywith a time gap between the events. With universe as the basic platform all events withinthe universe occur concurrently without any time gap between the events. This is the

absolute meaning of the zero time state of existence of the universe.Further, matter and space appear to possess the stealth capability of replacing each

other within the dynamic network of the universe. Time is an absolute parameter onlywithin the limits of illusion of motion of light and relative motion in the planetary system.Universe always exists in a state of zero time.

It may be extremely difficult for many readers to deviate from the conventionalconcepts and agree with these kinds of unconventional concepts. But, on a long run, theabsolute reality and the conceptual model of the universe may be totally different fromthe present day concept. Hence, this line of thinking is initiated to ascertain the absolutereality about the universe.

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III Earth A Profile of the Deceptive Planet

1 The Mystery behind the Extinction of Dinosaurs:

Presently, we are living in a very advanced civilization. The achievements in thefields of science and technology are formidable. There is a remarkable acceleration in thefields of science and technology in the last century. This has got a very positive impacton the life of the common citizen. If we compare the quality of life of the commoncitizen, at the end of the nineteenth century and at the end of the twentieth century, thereis a total difference in all fronts of life. The awareness level about the world has totallyexpanded in all aspects of the society. The amenities required for day today life aretotally modern. All this is attributed to the developments in the fields of science andtechnology.

Consider the planet where we are living, which has millions of different types ofliving organisms. Of all the living organisms, the Homo sapiens have the unique gift inthe form of the human mind. The creative capability of the human mind alone isresponsible for the tremendous growth in this advanced civilization. We have the unique

power to think and to explore into new frontiers. The higher the limit of exploration andnew discoveries, higher is the quality of life of the common citizen. When compared tothe Homo sapiens, the development in the brain structure of other species is extremelylimited. The thinking capability and the creative potential of the human mind areunparalleled. This creative potential alone has resulted in a tremendous leverage for theHomo sapiens over all the other living organisms in this world. As a result there is a totaldominance of the Homo sapiens, all over the world.

Just try to visualize the life in this planet during the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries.The discoveries and developments during those times were very much limited. Social lifewas restricted with the religions overshadowing all aspects of the society. Probably, Godwas the central figure for all the origins. All the social activities were confined within the

barriers dictated by the religion. People lived in different parts of the world with differentreligions dominating the social life in each case. The very thought of going beyond the

barriers dictated by the religions was considered as a sin. Scare was everywhere,whenever it comes to the point of accepting any new idea. The earth was the centralfigure in this universe. From that kind of a situation, there was a gradual shift in thesocial lines of thinking over a period of last four to five centuries. With the newdiscoveries floated by different scientists gaining acceptance, the barriers in the mind ofthe society have stretched. There is a considerable degree of rationalization in socialthinking. Scientific thinking is the present way of life. The understandings about theuniversal facts have reached a new dimension. Now, the earth is no more the centralfigure in the universe.

We are a part of the vast universe, which is ever expanding. The exploration of theuniverse has been a continuous process. Every day a new fact is coming into light.


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Ignorance is gradually being replaced by awareness. There are some extra-ordinaryachievements in the field of space technology from the moon landing to the explorationof the solar system. These are really spell bounding. The excitement is universal.

In this ultramodern civilization there are very few unknowns, which are yet to be

conquered. There are several events, which have happened in the prehistoric world, andwhich are occasionally repeating in some parts of the world, are still mysterious in nature.Some of these events, which have happened in this world are not easily explainable witha certain and a credible scientific theory.

An attempt is done in this article to analyze the facts and the probable causes, whichmay be responsible for such events in this world. If we go through the process of

beginning of life and evolution of species in this planet, the mass extinction of dinosaurs,which has reportedly occurred in this planet around 65 million years back, is one of thelong standing puzzles. The present valid theory to explain this phenomenon is that, anasteroid colliding with the planet 65 million years back is responsible for this extinction.

But, in the process of evolution of species, there has been one more mass extinction ofliving organisms in this planet, which is reported to have happened around 225 millionyears back. The reasons attributed for this kind of extinctions are quite different. But ifwe carefully analyze both the cases, there is a common phenomenon during the processof mass extinctions. A considerable percentage of the living organisms existing in theworld during those times vanished in the process of extinction. As per the presentunderstanding of various texts, the cause of extinction is different in both the cases. Nowlet us consider both the cases in detail to analyze the cause of what probably could havehappened during those unfortunate times.

As per various texts life began in the universe approximately 3.5 billion years back.Since then the process of evolution of life has been a continuous phenomenon. In this

process of evolution, life has diversified into millions of types of plants, animals andmarine organisms. To have a brief idea regarding the process of evolution and thesubsequent mass extinctions, one has to go through the following extract, from thechapter The Story of Life on Earth of the book Atlas of the World published by TheReaders Digest Association, Inc.,

* Flowerings and Extinctions : Like a mountain stream, the flow of life seems to have gone through a

series of long and relatively quiet periods, interrupted by moments of sudden anddramatic change. At each of these gates up to half of all living organisms, both in theocean and on the land, quite rapidly disappeared. Those that survived emerged into aworld of opportunity, rich with ecological niches left empty by the death of their

predecessors. At these moments, organisms have suddenly radiated into a proliferation ofnew forms .

(*Excerpted from ATLAS OF THE WORLD, copyright 1987 TheReaders Digest Association Limited. Used by permission of The Readers DigestAssociation Inc., Pleasantville New York, www.rd.com)


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As mentioned in this extract, it is quite clear that in the process ofevolution of life in the world, there have been some sudden discontinuities at very largeintervals of time. These are the probable cases of mass extinctions after which a

considerable change was induced on the pattern of subsequent evolution of life in thisworld. The first such extinction is reported as, probably happened in this world around225 million years back. Subsequently around 65 million years back one more event ofmass extinction is reported to have happened in this world. The exact causes are differentfor both the reported cases of mass extinctions.

Now, consider the first reported case of mass extinction, which issupposed to have occurred 225 million years back. During this time, the planet wassaturated with different types of living organisms on the land as well as in the oceans.The planet was dominated by Rhinesuchus- a crocodile like fish eating amphibian,Dicynodons a type of plant eating reptiles, Millerosaurus- an insect eating reptile and

many other types of living organisms. But, in the event of sudden extinction, whichoccurred 225 million years back, many of these creatures vanished. The cause for thismassive extinction is generally attributed to a major shift in the global landmass at thattime. The common theory prevailing at present is that, the super continents at that time,Laurasia in the north and the Gondwanaland in the south came together to form a singlelandmass, which is known as Pangaea. It is believed that, the pattern of the oceancurrents changed during this fusion of landmass. The subsequent changes in the seasonswere supposed to be very severe. Further, this resulted in very wide fluctuation of foodsupply on the land. Probably, there was a severe change in the ecology, resulting in thedestruction of plant systems. It is also reported that, the area of the continental shelves,which was richest of all food supply environments in the world, was reduced by half inthe process of this fusion of landmass. Considering the theory of shifting of continentsand the observed continuous movements of continents, by a methodical reversecalculation from the present state of affairs, it is quite likely that such an event could haveoccurred. In this process of major shift of continents at that time and the subsequentsevere changes in the living conditions in the world, a major catastrophe is supposed tohave been experienced by the life on the earth. In this process of the mass extinction,about half of all the species alive at that time disappeared. This process of extinction issupposed to have wiped out about seventy-five percent of amphibians and about eighty

percent of the reptiles present at that time. In the subsequent process of the pattern ofevolution, these creatures never reappeared. Whatever may be the cause of massiveextinction, the fact to be accepted here is that, something strange occurred to all the livingorganisms in the world at that time.

Now, consider the second case of mass extinction, which issupposed to have occurred in this world about 65 million years back. During that time,the dinosaurs ruled the world. Probably, hundreds of variety of them lived on the land. Inthis event of massive extinction, all the marine reptiles, all the flying reptiles and entirefamily of dinosaurs are supposed to have vanished. To explain the cause of massiveextinction of dinosaurs, several theories are prevailing at present. One of the possible


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causes is supposed to be a massive solar flare. It is visualized that a massive solar flarecaused abnormal rise in the atmospheric temperature and the radiation from the solarflare resulted in glandular abnormalities in living creatures, resulting in the death of amajority of living organism at that time. The second theory is that, during those times,

poisonous plants had over dominated the ecology. The herbivorous dinosaurs perished

because of plant poisoning and subsequently, the carnivorous dinosaurs perished becauseof lack of food, as they were dependent on herbivorous dinosaurs for food. The thirdtheory is based on the great retreat of the seas during those times. The sinking of seasdried up the fertile swamps resulting in drastic reduction of food rich zones. The retreatof seas had further effect on the climate as more land was exposed to atmosphere. Theambient temperature dropped drastically and also, the atmosphere dried further. Thisresulted in mass extinction of dinosaurs due to cold and starvation. But, the most likelycause is considered as a massive meteorite or an asteroid colliding with the planet,resulted in wiping out all the living organisms in the world, at that time. This is thecontemporary acceptable explanation for this extinction.

An asteroid colliding with the planet can result in considerableamount of damage to the living organisms and ecology. The eventualities can be horrible.All the life support parameters can get wiped out in the world for many years. The shockwave produced by the collision of the asteroid can produce huge turbulences in theatmosphere. The impact of an asteroid on oceans can result in huge tidal waves, which inturn sweep over all the continents. This can drastically affect the life on the planet. Theimpact of an asteroid on the land can result in a huge shockwave in the atmosphere andfurther the atmosphere can get saturated with dust resulting in blocking of sunlight formany years. Normal life can begin only hundreds of years after the event. In this kind ofa process, even if a few dinosaurs had managed to survive, subsequently they would havemultiplied into hundreds and thousands and reoccupied the planet in full. But clearly thiskind of an event has not happened. Otherwise, we would have been lucky enough to seesome of the dinosaurs in our zoological parks.

As mentioned in the extract, the life on the planet seems to havegone through a series of long and relatively quiet periods, followed by sudden changes orthe extinctions as we call them. The fact to be noted here is that, life in this world gets areshuffle, probably when it reaches a certain level of saturation. Saturation means, the

planet was probably occupied with a massive number of the living organisms with alimited prospect for further growth. In this kind of a situation there seems to be anecological imbalance in the world. This can occur with over breeding of the livingorganisms present in the world at that time. In the sudden process of massive extinctions,which have occurred, a majority of life on the land as well in the oceans has disappeared.Even though, several theories are prevailing at present to explain the possible causes ofmass extinctions, it is extremely difficult to arrive at the correct cause for such ahappening. Further, always there is a scope for new line thinking. These kinds of massextinctions of the prehistoric world have always been a mystifying phenomenon for the

present world.


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At this juncture, it may occur to the mind of the reader, as to whyan analysis of mass extinction of dinosaurs has to be done when several theories exist,which are proposed on the basis of scientific facts and actual studies. Why at all ananalysis has to be done on the events, which have happened in this world millions ofyears, back? Probably, this kind of an analysis is basically required to analyze the

probable future continuum of the present civilization. Considering the fact that we areliving in the same world where, once upon a time the dinosaurs lived, we should notignore the possibility of similar events repeating in the present world. The nature seemsto be more deceptive than what we imagine about it. Hence an attempt is done tovisualize, one more possibility of what probably could have happened in this worldduring those unfortunate times. At times, the attempt may look like an utter nonsense,

because at present there is a considerable amount of information available in the world tosupport the existing theories. But the analysis, which is done in this article, isfundamentally based on certain weird phenomenon, which is happening in this world andis subjected to a continuous neglect as non-event. This analysis is based on the principlesof probability and actual facts, which are generally reported in several books. Also, this is

only an analytical model for thinking and not an experiment, which can be scientificallysimulated in a controlled environment. In this process of analysis, the mysterious events,which are reported from the region, commonly referred as the Bermuda Triangle, aregiven a serious consideration.

2 The Bermuda Triangle A Case of a Smoking Volcano?

Now, let us try to consider the case of the infamous Bermuda Triangle mystery in detail.There are several books written by several authors, which narrate in detail regarding theweird phenomenon, which are said to have occurred in this infamous region. Generally,the region bounded by Bermuda in the north, Florida in the west, and a point in the oceanin the vicinity of 40-degree west longitude is considered as the Bermuda Triangle. Thisregion is known for certain weird occurrences, which have been reported over a period oflast four centuries. Right from the times of Columbus, several mysterious occurrences arereported from this region. The experience of Columbus in this region is quite notable. InJune 1494, during one of his voyages he is reported to have observed an unusualwhirlwind, which sank three of his ships by turning them three or four times about. This

phenomenon is supposed to have occurred in a situation, where the ocean was very calmand there was no storm or roughness around the region. Apart from the observationsmade by Columbus about this region, in modern times we have record of several unusualevents, which are said to have occurred in this infamous Bermuda Triangle. In the bookWithout a Trace written by Charles Berlitz a detailed list of 143 cases of mysteriousdisappearance have been reported in the chapter Voyages to Oblivion A Roll Call.This list indicates in detail, in chronological order of dates, the cases of mysteriousdisappearances, which have occurred in this region. This list includes the cases of largeocean going freighters, oil tankers, small and large planes, civilian as well as militaryones and even the cases of mysterious disappearances of individuals such as scuba diversand light house keepers. Apart from the detailed cases of practical disappearances, which


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have happened in this region, several cases of unusual sightings are also reported in this book in detail. As mentioned earlier, there are several books published by variousauthors regarding these kind of weird events occurring in this region. Apart from the listof recorded cases of mysterious disappearances, there is every chance that hundreds ofsuch cases would have gone unrecorded or covered under a veil of secrecy, in case the

lost ship or plane happens to be that of military application. Also, there is every chancethat, some persons who have practically witnessed such an event, keep silent as reportingof such an event, may invite quite irritating investigation. There is always a chance ofsuch a report being treated as a fabricated story. But, one cannot deny the fact that, suchweird events are still happening in this ultramodern world and there is no satisfactoryscientific explanation for these events. The general practice is that, after a certain amountof investigation, such events are forgotten from the mind of the public.

The practical disappearance of any physical object, such as a ship or a planeis extremely difficult to digest, as this kind of an event never suits into the framework ofany present day scientific theory. No one can arrive at an absolutely logical and scientific

explanation for this kind of an event. With this kind of a background, the common practice of anyone is to treat the event as a mystery. There is every chance that some ofthe reported events are fake or fabricated for the sake of publicity. But, can we everimagine that, a person like Columbus can fabricate a story for the sake of publicity?When such events are being reported from this region, right from the times of Columbus,

probably, we should give a serious thought to such events. If we consider the detailed listof disappearances, which have happened in this region, the events like the disappearanceof Flight 19, which happened on December 5,1945, and several cases of disappearancesof large ocean going vessels and civilian flights can never be fabricated. Hence, ananalysis is attempted in this chapter to arrive at a possible scientific model of explanationfor these events.

a. Localized Reaction in the Bermuda Triangle Region:

If we carefully scrutinize the events, which have happened in this region, we can broadly classify these events into two categories. The first category of events, are theones where a physical object such as a ship or a plane

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The Vanishing Civilization