The Human Skeleton

bones support your body and allow you to move

manufacture blood cells and store important minerals.

contain a lot of calcium (an element found in milk, broccoli, and other foods)

The human skeleton consists of 206 bones.

We are actually born with more bones (about 350), but many fuse together as a child grows

The longest bone in our bodies is the femur (thigh bone).

The smallest bone is the stirrup bone inside the ear.

HAMMER ANViL STiRRUP

The Arm

Each arm contains 3 bones

humerus, in the upper arm

radius and ulna in the forearm

The Hand

Each hand has 27 bones in it.

8 carpals in the wrist 5 metacarpals in the palm, 14 phalanges in the fingers.

These are 2 of the arm bones not the hand

The Leg

Femur - the thigh bone

Patella - the knee cap

Tibia - the larger of the two leg bones located below the knee cap

Fibula - the smaller of the two leg bones located below the knee cap

The Spine

Cervical Vertebrae

the first set of vertebral bones of the spine

located beneath the skull

there are 7 cervical vertebrae consists of 7 vertebral bones, named the C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7.

the primary function of the cervical vertebrae is protection of the spinal cord and support of the body.

these vertebrae can flex and extend to allow for movement.

generally smaller than the other vertebrae

Thoracic Vertebrae

vertebrates beneath the cervical vertebrae

the middle segment of the spine

consists of 12 bones called T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, and T12

these bones increase in size and width from T1 to T12. larger than the cervical vertebrae but smaller than the lumbar vertebrae.

houses the spinal cord and protects the spinal cord

Lumbar Vertebrae the third curve of the spine

Beneath the thoracic vertebrae

consists of 5 bones – the L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5

the largest vertebral bones each individual bone increases in

function is the protection of the spinal cord.

also allows for much of human body motion

supports much of the human body’s weight.

Joints

Bones are connected to other bones at joints

many different types of joints:

•fixed joints (such as in the skull, which consists of many bones)

•hinged joints (such as in the fingers and toes)

•ball-and-socket joints (such as the shoulders and hips).

fixed joint is a joint between two bones that doesn’t move.

a good example of this is in the skull - the skull plates don't move together or against each other, but they are connected or fused

Hinge joints are places in the human skeleton where the ends of bones meet and rotate

examples of hinge joints in the human body are the elbow, the knee, the ankle, and the knuckles

The most range of movement by the joints is provided by a "ball-and- socket" joint

which the spherical head of one bone lodges in the spherical cavity of another

In the shoulder joint, the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the socket of the shoulder blade. Because the socket is shallow and the joint loose, the shoulder is the body's most mobile joint.

Gliding Joints

"Gliding" joints permit a wide range of mostly sideways movements - as well as movements in one direction –

a pivot joint near the top of the spine allows the head to swivel and bend. Other pivot joints, in the forearm and lower leg, allow the wrist and ankle to twist.

The Pelvic Bonesa ring-like structure of bones at the lower end of the trunk. The two sides of the pelvis are actually three bones (ilium,

ischium, and pubis) that grow together as people age

Other Bones

SCAPULAthe bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the

CLAVICLE (collar bone).

A small, U-shaped bone situated centrally in the upper part of the neck, beneath the mandible but above the larynx near the level of the third cervical vertebrae

Hyoid Bone

The hyoid is (uniquely in the vertebrate skeleton) not joined to any other bone but is suspended in position by muscles that connect it to the mandible