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1 BIO 137 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I SKELETAL SYSTEM LABORATORY I THE SKELETAL SYSTEM ORGANS BONES CARTILAGES TENDONS LIGAMENTS FUNCTIONS SUPPORT PROTECTION MOVEMENT HEMATOPOIESIS MINERAL STORE ENERGY STORE Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath BONES OF THE SKELETON DIVIDED INTO: AXIAL APPENDICULAR Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath BONES OF THE SKELETON CLASSIFIED BY SHAPE LONG SHORT FLAT IRREGULAR SUBCLASSIFICATIONS SESAMOID SUTURAL/WORMIAN Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

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Page 1: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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BIO 137

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I

SKELETAL SYSTEM LABORATORY I

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

•ORGANS•BONES•CARTILAGES•TENDONS•LIGAMENTS

•FUNCTIONS•SUPPORT•PROTECTION•MOVEMENT•HEMATOPOIESIS•MINERAL STORE•ENERGY STORE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

BONES OF THE SKELETON•DIVIDED INTO:•AXIAL•APPENDICULAR

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

BONES OF THE SKELETONCLASSIFIED BY SHAPE•LONG•SHORT•FLAT •IRREGULAR

SUBCLASSIFICATIONSSESAMOIDSUTURAL/WORMIAN

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

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Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

LONG BONE STRUCTURE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

HISTOLOGY OF BONE:TWO TYPES OF BONE MATRIX

•INORGANIC MATRIX (65%)•HYDROXYAPATITE (PRIMARILY CALCIUM PHOSPHATE)•HARDNESS OR RIGIDITY OF BONE

•ORGANIC MATRIX (35%)•CELLS•OSTEOCYTES•OSTEOBLASTS•OSTEOCLASTS

•OSTEOID•COLLAGEN FIBERS

•REMODELING AND STRENGTH OF BONE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

HISTOLOGY OF BONE:TWO TYPES OF BONE TISSUE

•COMPACT BONE•HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS•SOLID, DENSE, RIGID•DIAPHYSES OF LONG BONES

•CANCELLOUS (SPONGY) BONE•TRABECULAE OF BONE•RED BONE MARROW FILLS SPACE BETWEEN BONE•FLAT BONES•EPIPHYSES OF LONG BONESCopyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

COMPACT BONE

COMPACT BONE

Page 3: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF COMPACT BONE: Haversian Systems or Osteons

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF COMPACT BONE

•THE HAVERSIAN SYSTEM IS THE STRUCTURAL UNIT OF COMPACT BONE•OSTEOCYTES (THAT WERE ONCE OSTEOBLASTS)• LAID DOWN MATRIX (OSTEOCYTES NOW LIVE IN

LACUNAE) IN CONCENTRIC CIRCLES CALLED LAMELLAE •AROUND A CENTRAL HAVERSIAN CANAL•CONTAINING BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF COMPACT BONE

•THE HAVERSIAN SYSTEM IS THE STRUCTURAL UNIT OF COMPACT BONE•CANALICULI CONNECT LACUNAE OF

OSTEOCYTES;•Osteocytes communicate through gap

junctions•VOLKMANN’S (PERFORATING) CANALS CONNECT

ADJACENT HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS•HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS ARE CEMENTED

TOGETHER TO FORM COMPACT BONE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Page 4: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

SEM

LM’S OF LABORATORY SLIDES

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

COMPACT BONE~LOW~

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

COMPACT BONE~HIGH~

OSTEOCYTES IN LACUNAE

MATRIX OF

CALCIUM

PHOSPHATE

AND COLLAGEN

COMPACT BONE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Page 5: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

HISTOLOGY OF BONE: Two Types of Bone Matrix

•COMPACT BONE•HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS•SOLID, DENSE, RIGID•DIAPHYSES OF LONG BONES

•CANCELLOUS (SPONGY) BONE•TRABECULAE OF

BONE•RED BONE MARROW

FILLS SPACE BETWEEN BONE•FLAT BONES•EPIPHYSES OF LONG

BONES

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

CANCELLOUS

BONE

FLAT BONE STRUCTURE

•TWO THIN LAYERS OF COMPACT BONE SURROUNDING SPONGY (CANCELLOUS) BONE

•SPONGY BONE FUNCTIONS IN HEMATOPOIESIS

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

CANCELLOUS

BONE

Cancellous bone

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

CANCELLOUS BONE~ HIGH~

CANCELLOUS BONE

RED BONE MARROW

Page 6: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

CARTI-LAGES OF THE SKELETON

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

CARTILAGES OF THE SKELETON

•HYALINE CARTILAGE•FIBROCARTILAGE•ELASTIC CARTILAGE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

HYALINE CARTILAGE•CHONDROCYTES WITHIN MATRIX OF GLUCOSAMINE AND CHONDROITIN SULFATE

•LOCATIONS:•EMBRYONIC SKELETON•COSTAL CARTILAGES•OVER EPIPHYSES OF LONG BONES•WALL OF LARYNX AND TRACHEA•ET CETERA

•FUNCTION: SUPPORTCopyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

HYALINE CARTILAGE~LOW~

CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE

MATRIX

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

HYALINE CARTILAGE~HIGH~

CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE

MATRIX

Page 7: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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HYALINE CARTILAGE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

FIBROCARTILAGE

•CHONDROCYTES WITHIN MATRIX OF COLLAGEN FIBERS

•LOCATIONS:•INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS•SYMPHYSIS PUBIS

•FUNCTIONS:•CUSHIONING/SHOCK ABSORBER•SLIGHT MOVEMENT

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

FIBROCARTILAGE ~LOW~

CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE

MATRIX SIMILAR TO BUT LESS FIRM THAN THAT OF HYALINE

CARTILAGE; THICK COLLAGEN FIBERS PREDOMINATE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

FIBROCARTILAGE ~HIGH~

CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE

COLLAGEN FIBERS

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

FIBROCARTILAGE ~OIL~

FIBROCARTILAGE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Page 8: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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ELASTIC CARTILAGE•CHONDROCYTES WITHIN MATRIX OF ELASTIC FIBERS

•LOCATIONS:•EXTERNAL EAR•EPIGLOTTIS

•FUNCTIONS•FLEXIBILITY WITH MAINTENANCE OF SHAPE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Let’s take a practice quiz

Classify each of the bones below by shape.

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Page 9: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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Classify this type of bone

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Classify this type of bone

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Wormian or

sutural

Are the orange bones axial or appendicular?

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

axial

Name the long bone part

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

_?__________________

Name the long bone part

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

diaphysis

Page 10: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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Name the structural unit of compact bone

The Haversian System or osteon

Name the passageway

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

?________

Name the passageway

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Volkmann’s

Canal

Name the tissue

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Compact bone

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Page 11: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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Name the tissue

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Cancellous or spongy bone

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Name the tissue

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Hyaline cartilage

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

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NAME THE TISSUE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

COMPACT BONE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Page 13: bio 137 anatomy and physiology i bones of the skeleton bones of the skeleton

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NAME THE TISSUE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

HYALINE CARTILAGE

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

Have fun studying