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Bones & Muscles
How many bones How many bones does the human does the human skeleton contain?skeleton contain?
206
Functions of the skeletal system
Give shape & support Protect internal organs Moves muscles Form blood cells Store calcium and phosphorous
Periosteum: soft, thin, covers and protects the bone
Compact Bone: Hard, outer surface. Can heal itself when broken
Spongy Bone: Porous, contains blood vessels, nerves
Marrow: manufactures red blood cells
Bone Cross Section
Skeletal System
is divided into
two parts
Axial Skeleton Skull (protects
the brain). Ribs ( protect
lungs, and heart).
Spinal column (houses and protects the spinal cord).
Appendicular Skeleton
Legs Pelvis Arms Shoulders
Types of Joints Immovable
Skull Pelvis
Moveable Pivot Ball & socket Hinge Gliding
http://www.nhfyouthworld.org/junior/mayjun/skeleton.jpg
Types of Joints
•Ball and Socket Joint
•Bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
Ball & Socket: Shoulders and Hips
Allows arms and hips to move in any direction
Can move in a full 360 degrees
Types of Joints
• Pivot Joint
•One bone rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move
http://www.funhousefilms.com/b-pivot2.jpg
Pivot Joints: First two neck vertebrae & joint beneath elbow
Moves in a semicircle motion by twisting against each other
Types of Joints
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
•Hinge Joint
•Back-and-forth movement like hinges on a door
Hinged: Elbows & Knees
Move like hinges on a door
Limited movement
Can only swing back and forth
Type of Joints
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
•Gliding Joint
•One part of a bone slides over another bone
Gliding Joints: Spine, Wrists, Ankles
Slide against each other in a gliding motion
Gives your wrists and ankles lots of freedom
Immoveable joints are located in the skull and pelvis.
http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/john21.19.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/tissues/skeletal.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.sc.edu/union/Sears/AnimalTissue/im.tissueCardiac.jpg
http://www.bio.psu.edu/
http://www.bmb.psu.edu
How do muscles work
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/muscle.html
Muscle Fiber
Muscle
Myofibril
Inside a Muscle
http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/muscle/smooth1.jpg