The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System

Chapter 37Chapter 37

Functions of the Circulatory SystemFunctions of the Circulatory System

DeliverDeliver– OxygenOxygen– NutrientsNutrients– heatheat

Pick upPick up– Waste heatWaste heat

The HeartThe Heart

Two types of circulation:Two types of circulation:– PulmonaryPulmonary

From the bodyFrom the bodyRight side of the heart Right side of the heart To the lungsTo the lungsOxygen poor blood until it goes Oxygen poor blood until it goes to the lungsto the lungs

– SystemicSystemicFrom the lungs From the lungs To the left side of the heartTo the left side of the heartOxygen rich bloodOxygen rich bloodTo the rest of the bodyTo the rest of the body

The HeartThe HeartBlood move from Blood move from the body: veinsthe body: veinsRight atriumRight atriumRight ventricleRight ventricleLungsLungsLeft AtriumLeft AtriumLeft VentricleLeft VentricleAortaAortaBody : arteries, Body : arteries, capillariescapillaries

Blood VesselsBlood VesselsAorta: largest blood vessel Aorta: largest blood vessel in the body. Immediately in the body. Immediately above the left atriumabove the left atriumArteries: carry blood rich in Arteries: carry blood rich in oxygen, away from the oxygen, away from the heart, contain valves, heart, contain valves, muscularmuscularVeins: carry blood poor of Veins: carry blood poor of oxygen, back to the heartoxygen, back to the heartCapillaries: tiny arteries, Capillaries: tiny arteries, the smallest vessels in the the smallest vessels in the body, where nutrients body, where nutrients exchange to cellsexchange to cells

BloodBlood4-6 liters of blood4-6 liters of blood45% of blood is cells45% of blood is cells55% plasma55% plasma– Plasma is straw Plasma is straw

colored fluid that colored fluid that consists of consists of

SaltSaltGasesGasesNutriestsNutriestsEnzymesEnzymesHormonesHormonesWaste products Waste products proteinsproteins

Blood CellsBlood Cells

Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells– Transport oxygen on Transport oxygen on

protein called protein called hemoglobinhemoglobin

White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells– Guard against infectionGuard against infection– Fight parasitesFight parasites– Attack bacteriaAttack bacteria– Immune responseImmune responsePlateletsPlatelets– Blood clottingBlood clotting

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

Vessels and nodes Vessels and nodes that collect the fluid that collect the fluid that has been excreted that has been excreted from the vessels and from the vessels and then returned back to then returned back to the circulatory system.the circulatory system.Lymph nodes filter Lymph nodes filter blood to help block blood to help block invaders from moving invaders from moving through the system.through the system.

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

The blood carrying The blood carrying oxygen from the lungs oxygen from the lungs to the body, and to the body, and carrying carbon dioxide carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungsback to the lungsThe pharynx, larynx, The pharynx, larynx, lungs, bronchi, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, bronchioles, alveoli, and diagraphamand diagrapham

Process of RespirationProcess of RespirationOxygen enters the pharynx into the Oxygen enters the pharynx into the trachea. trachea. – Cilia and mucus line the entire Cilia and mucus line the entire

respiratory system to warm and respiratory system to warm and moisten the oxygen as it enters the moisten the oxygen as it enters the system. system.

– Cilia catches dust and keeps Cilia catches dust and keeps particles from entering the lungsparticles from entering the lungs

BronchiBronchi– The large passgeways to the lungsThe large passgeways to the lungs– That lead into smaller bronchiolesThat lead into smaller bronchioles– That lead to alveoliThat lead to alveoli

AlveoliAlveoli– Millions of air sacs that inflate and Millions of air sacs that inflate and

deflate to take in oxygen and pass it deflate to take in oxygen and pass it off to the blood cellsoff to the blood cells

BreathingBreathing– In order from breathing to occur the In order from breathing to occur the

diagraphram must lift up the chest diagraphram must lift up the chest cavity, to open up the air passages cavity, to open up the air passages and allow inhalation to occurand allow inhalation to occur

Gas ExchangeGas ExchangeAlveoli dissolve the oxygen and allow for it Alveoli dissolve the oxygen and allow for it to diffuse across the thin walled capillaries.to diffuse across the thin walled capillaries.Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds 60 Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds 60 times more oxygen than if it was just blood times more oxygen than if it was just blood alone.alone.

Breathing ControlBreathing ControlThe frequency of The frequency of respiration is control by respiration is control by your nervous systemyour nervous systemAutonomic part of the Autonomic part of the nervous system: happens nervous system: happens without thinkingwithout thinkingCells in the breathing Cells in the breathing center monitor the amount center monitor the amount of carbon dioxide in the of carbon dioxide in the bloodblood– When it is too high the, nerve When it is too high the, nerve

impulses increase the impulses increase the diaphragm contraction, diaphragm contraction, bringing air into the lungs.bringing air into the lungs.