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The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System
Refresh your Refresh your memory….memory….
The 3 main parts of TheThe 3 main parts of TheCirculatory SystemCirculatory System
The HeartThe Heart
The Blood VesselsThe Blood Vessels
BloodBlood
Main functions of the Main functions of the circulatory system….circulatory system….
Transports Transports oxygen, nutrients, and oxygen, nutrients, and other needed substancesother needed substances to the to the body’s cellsbody’s cells
Transports Transports carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide and other wasteother waste products away from the products away from the cellscells
Fights Fights infectioninfection Regulates body Regulates body temperaturetemperature
Parts of The HeartParts of The Heart
The Atria (Atrium)The Atria (Atrium)
-2 upper chambers-2 upper chambers The VentriclesThe Ventricles
-2 lower chambers-2 lower chambers The ValvesThe Valves
-Prevent backflow-Prevent backflow The SeptumThe Septum
-Divides the heart -Divides the heart into right and leftinto right and left
•The heart is a muscular, double pump
Blood FlowBlood FlowBody Body Right Atrium Right Atrium Right Right
Ventricle Ventricle Lungs Lungs Left Left Atrium Atrium Left Ventricle Left Ventricle
BodyBody
Remember, the Remember, the right side of the heart right side of the heart receives deoxygenated bloodreceives deoxygenated blood, and , and
the the left side pumps out oxygenated left side pumps out oxygenated blood to the bodyblood to the body..
Types of Blood VesselsTypes of Blood Vessels Arteries (AWAY)Arteries (AWAY) -Carry blood -Carry blood awayaway from the heart from the heart -The -The AortaAorta is the largest artery is the largest artery Veins (TOWARDS)Veins (TOWARDS) -Carry blood -Carry blood towardstowards the heart the heart -Veins contain -Veins contain valvesvalves -The -The Vena CavaVena Cava is the largest vein is the largest vein CapillariesCapillaries --Tiny blood vessels where Tiny blood vessels where gases gases
and nutrients are exchangedand nutrients are exchanged
Blood = a connective = a connective tissue made up of tissue made up of blood cells blood cells and a and a liquid called liquid called plasma.plasma.
Pumped by your Pumped by your heartheart, and makes , and makes up about 7% of your body massup about 7% of your body mass
TravelsTravels through thousands of miles through thousands of miles of of blood vesselsblood vessels
The Functions of BloodThe Functions of Blood
To Deliver:To Deliver: OxygenOxygen NutrientsNutrients Hormones and Hormones and
EnzymesEnzymes WaterWater MineralsMinerals
To Pick Up:
•Waste
•Carbon Dioxide
• Heat
…AND TO FIGHT INFECTION!
The Composition of The Composition of BloodBlood
The Plasma The Plasma (Fluid) makes up (Fluid) makes up 55% of the blood 55% of the blood volume.volume.
The Solids (Cells) The Solids (Cells) make up 45% of make up 45% of the blood volume.the blood volume. 0
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Blood Composition
Plasma Solids
55% plasma
45 %
RBC, WBC and platelets
The Parts of BloodThe Parts of Blood1.1. Plasma Plasma = liquid part of the blood; = liquid part of the blood;
carries everythingcarries everything
2. 2. Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells =(RBC) Gas exchange =(RBC) Gas exchange
3. 3. White blood CellsWhite blood Cells =(WBC) Fight =(WBC) Fight infectioninfection
4. 4. PlateletsPlatelets = Clotting (scabbing) = Clotting (scabbing)
Plasma- Plasma- nonlivingnonliving
YellowYellow liquidliquid (92% (92% waterwater)) 8 % nutrients, salts, urea, hormones8 % nutrients, salts, urea, hormones Produced in the Produced in the liverliver Carries:Carries:Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells,
Platelets, Carbon dioxide, Platelets, Carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastenutrients, and waste
Red Blood Cells (RBC)- Red Blood Cells (RBC)- livingliving
Red blood cells Red blood cells carry oxygencarry oxygen from the from the lungs to all the cells of the bodylungs to all the cells of the body
5,000,000 in 1 drop of blood 5,000,000 in 1 drop of blood Shape = Shape = ConcaveConcave (donut) (donut)
Made in Made in bone marrowbone marrow Live approximately 120-125 daysLive approximately 120-125 days Hemoglobin = Hemoglobin = oxygen containing oxygen containing
pigmentpigment Binds to oxygen and carries it to the cellsBinds to oxygen and carries it to the cells Gives red blood cells their Gives red blood cells their red colorred color
Protect the body against infection and diseases Largest blood cell, made in bone marrow Shape= Spherical (circular) 8,000 per drop of blood Two types:
Neutrophils: engulf and destroy bacteria at the site of infection
Natural Killer Cells: are associated with the immune response. Produce specific chemicals called antibodies which attack foreign molecules known as pathogens
White Blood Cells (WBC)- White Blood Cells (WBC)- livingliving
scienceu.fsu.edu www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/ illus/167i2.htm
Platelets- Platelets- livingliving SmallestSmallest blood cells (fragments) blood cells (fragments) 150,000 to 300,000 per drop of 150,000 to 300,000 per drop of
blood blood Involved in blood Involved in blood clottingclotting Clotting-a Clotting-a solidification of blood solidification of blood
where a blood vessel has been where a blood vessel has been damageddamaged
Clotting:
Involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions resulting in the formation of protein fibers that trap blood cells and form a clot.
Diseases of the Circulatory Diseases of the Circulatory SystemSystem
MyocardialMyocardial Infarction-Infarction- heart attack heart attack Hypertension-Hypertension- high blood pressure high blood pressure Hypotension-Hypotension- low blood pressure low blood pressure Stroke-Stroke- clot in the brain clot in the brain AnginaAngina Pectoris-Pectoris- severe pain in chest severe pain in chest Sickle Cell Anemia-Sickle Cell Anemia- sickle shaped rbc’s sickle shaped rbc’s Pernicious Anemia-Pernicious Anemia- very low rbc count very low rbc count Pericarditis-Pericarditis- inflammation of outer membrane inflammation of outer membrane
covering the heartcovering the heart Leukemia-Leukemia- cancer of the blood, elevated wbc cancer of the blood, elevated wbc
countcount Arrhythmias-Arrhythmias- irregularities in heart beat irregularities in heart beat Endocarditis-Endocarditis- inflammation of inner lining of heart inflammation of inner lining of heart Cardiomyopathy-Cardiomyopathy- weakening of the heart muscle weakening of the heart muscle Hemophilia- Hemophilia- no clotting factor in the bloodno clotting factor in the blood Thalassemia- Thalassemia- low rbc count, genetic, low low rbc count, genetic, low
hemoglobin counthemoglobin count
Causes of HBP implicated: 1. excess sodium intake 2. stress 3. cigarettes (nicotine) 4. saturated fats 5. alcohol & caffeine 6. obesity 7. heredity & aging
No cure--may be treated by medication & diet. "Silent killer"--millions don't know they have it
High Blood Pressure
How do we keep our heart How do we keep our heart healthy?healthy?
Cardiovascular Exercise! (running, Cardiovascular Exercise! (running, walking, playing sports, biking, walking, playing sports, biking, hiking, swimming, etc)hiking, swimming, etc)
Eat less fried foods and fatty meats Eat less fried foods and fatty meats (ex. bacon, hamburgers)(ex. bacon, hamburgers) Eat less junk food, drink less sodaEat less junk food, drink less soda Eat more vegetables and fruits!Eat more vegetables and fruits! Do not smoke. Smoking increases Do not smoke. Smoking increases
risks of heart disease.risks of heart disease.
