Upload
tekstil-teknoloji
View
317
Download
13
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Tekstil Teknoloji Dergisi
Citation preview
LC Waikiki’nin Rusya Ata¤›
BOYA BASKI TERBİYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING
‹Ç‹NDEK‹LER / CONTENTS
REKLAM ‹NDEKS‹ / ADVERTISERS INDEX
YIL / YEAR: 15 SAYI / ISSUE: 169 KASIM - ARALIK / NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 2010
AJANS PRESS......................75
AKBAfi PLAST‹K..................47
ASYA PAS‹F‹K................24-25
BENTEKS .....................Ö.K.IÇI
COLIN. ...............................53
DORNIER ............................13
EFFE END. .....................40-41
ELITEZ.......................5-7-9-11
ESY GROUP........................65
ITMA 2011 TUR. ..........A.K.IÇI
KALOR‹MAK.......................43
LEHWA ..............................17
MATEK...............................61
MONFORTS. ....................A.K.
ÖZDEM‹R KEÇE ..................35
PICANOL ............................15
SARTEKS ............................21
SANAYI.BIZ ............................
fiANAL PLAST‹K.............50-51
fiENER MAK‹NA..................27
TEKN‹K FUARCILIK..............71
TEXMAC ............................31
THIES .................................23
TÜTÜNCÜLER .....................31
Their Whole Life Changed With One Knot
Tekstil Sanayiinde Spektrofotometre’ninKullan›m› ve Önemi
GÜNDEM NEWS
GÜNDEM NEWS
DOKUMA ÖRME WEAVING KNITTINGBir Dü¤ümle Hayatlar› De¤iflti
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Suni Çimen Monofilamentleri DünyaKupas› Sahalar›n› Güçlendirdi
Spectrophotometer of use and Importance inTextile Industry
10 29
34
19
70
GÜNDEM NEWSIGATEX’te ‹lkler Yafland›
First Things Took Place at IGATEX20
Artificial Turf Monofilanets StrengthenWorld Cup Pitches
Russaian attack of LC Waikiki
Technical Absorbents’ten HindistanAta¤›
Technical Absorbents Takes in 2010ICTN held at IIT Delhi, India
GÜNDEM NEWS
16Brezilya Tekstil Endüstrisi, Alman Tekstil MakineleriKonferans› Baflar›l› Bir fiekilde Sona Erdi
Successful Conference on German TextileMachinery for the Brezilian Textile Industry
e are leaving the year 2010behind. When we evaluate the sit-
uation of the textile and clothing sec-tor in this year generally, we see thatthere are regressions as well asimprovements. For example, when weexamine the 2010 Cotton Report, pre-pared by Ministry of Industry, withregard to the cotton plantation areasbetween 2003 and 2010, we see thatour country was the 7th in 2004.However, it was tone of the countrieswith sharpest decrease between 2009and 2010 and moved back to 13th
level. When we consider the situationwith regard to cotton productivity, ourcountry is at the 3rd rank in the world.As production and consumption valuesare considered, we see a decrease in2009-2010 periods in comparison to2006, as similar to the other countriesin the world.When we observe the sector in gener-al, we see an increase in export in 2010as compared to the same period of theprevious year. The reports publishedby ‹TK‹P state that the export of textileand raw materials increased by 24.8%and ready-made garment and clothingexport increased by 14.9% in January-May period. As a result, we can saythat we closed 2010 in a positive way.Our country managed to stay stable inspite of the crisis. The crisis in EU coun-tries has especially led to the decreasein buying and this has effected ourexport to EU countries negatively.However, companies have tried hardand looked for new markets.
Best Regards…
‹‹mmttiiyyaazz SSaahhiibbii vvee GGeenneell YYaayy››nn MMüüddüürrüü // PPrreessiiddeenntt PPuubblliisshheerrNecip GÜNEY
SSoorruummlluu YYaazz›› ‹‹flfllleerrii MMüüddüürrüü // EEddiittoorriiaall DDiirreeccttoorrÜmit VURAL
YYaayy››nn MMüüflflaavviirrii // EEddiittoorriiaall AAddvviisseerrDoç. Dr. Hale Canbaz KARAKAfi
UUlluussllaarraarraass›› ‹‹lliiflflkkiilleerr // IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall RReellaattiioonnss Murat ÇAVDAR
RReekkllaamm MMüüddüürrüü // AAddvveerrttiisseemmeenntt MMaannaaggeerrNihat DURMUfi
MMaattbbaaaa SSoorruummlluussuu // PPrriinnttiinngg RReessppoonnssiibbllee fienol YALIN
MMaallii ‹‹flfllleerr MMüüddüürrüü // FFiinnaanncciiaall MMaannaaggeerrNefle DURAK
YYaayy››nn KKuurruulluu // EEddiittoorriiaall BBooaarrddProf. Dr. Mehmet TASMACI - Prof. Dr. Erdem KOÇ Prof.Dr. Mehmet AKALIN - Prof. Dr. Bülent ÖZ‹PEK Doç. Dr.Özcan ÖZDEM‹R - Dr. Vedat B‹LG‹N Doç. Dr. Filiz KARAOSMANO⁄LU - Doç. Dr. Fatma ÇEKENYard. Doç. Dr. Merih SARIIfiIK - Doç. Dr. Ender BULGUNDr. Peter HARDT
GGrraaffiikk SSeerrvviissii // DDeessiiggnn aanndd AArrtt DDiirreeccttiioonnTemel EMECAN
AAbboonnee vvee DDaa¤¤››tt››mm // SSuubbssccrriippttiioonn aanndd DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonnFurkan GÜNEY
BBaasskk›› -- CCiilltt // PPuubblliisshhiinngg HHoouusseeEuromat Entegre Matbaac›l›k
YYaapp››mm -- YYöönneettiimm // PPuubblliisshheerrTeknik Fuarc›l›k ve Yay›nc›l›k Reklamc›l›kDan›flmanl›k Ticaret Limited fiirketi
MMeerrkkeezz // HHeeaadd OOffffiicceeYakuplu Merkez Mahallesi Osmanl› CaddesiGüney Konaklar› A-Blok No: 1 Kat 3 D. 634524 - Beylikdüzü - ‹STANBUL - TURKEY
Tel : +90 (212) 876 75 06 (Pbx) Fax : +90 (212) 876 06 81internet/Web : http://www.tekstilteknoloji.com.trE-mail : [email protected]
Fiyat› : 15 YTLAyda Bir Yay›mlan›r. MMoonntthhllyy PPuubblliisshheedd..
Bu dergide yay›mlanan haber ve foto¤raflar, kaynak gös-terilmeden kullan›lamaz. Yay›nlanan tüm makalelerdekifikirlerin sorumlulu¤u yazarlar›na, ilanlar›n›n sorumlulu¤uise reklamverene aittir.
AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. AAllll pphhoottooss aanndd nneewwss iinn tthhiiss ppuubblliiccaattiioonnccaann nnoott bbee uusseedd wwiitthhoouutt iinnddiiccaattiinngg tthhee ssoouurrccee..RReessppoonnssiibbiilliittiieess ooff aallll iiddeeaass ppuubblliisshheedd iinn oouurr mmaaggaazziinnee ppeerr--ttaaiinn ttoo aauutthhoorrss aanndd aaddvveerrttiisseemmeenntt rreessppoonnssiibbiilliittiieess ppuubb--lliisshheedd iinn oouurr mmaaggaazziinnee ppeerrttaaiinn ttoo aaddvveerrttiisseerrss..
010 y›l›n› geride b›rak›yoruz. Bu y›liçinde ülkemizdeki tekstil ve kon-
feksiyon sektörünün durumunu genelolarak de¤erlendirdi¤imizde, baz› iyigeliflmelerin yan›s›ra gerilemelerin deoldu¤unu görebiliyoruz. Örne¤in, Sa-nayi Bakanl›¤› taraf›ndan haz›rlanan2010 Y›l› Pamuk Raporu incelendi¤in-de, 2003-2010 y›llar› aras›nda Türki-ye’nin pamuk ekim aç›s›ndan, ülke-miz 2004 y›l›nda dünyada 7. s›radayer al›rken, 2009 ve 2010 y›llar›ndaekim alan› en çok düflen ülkelerdenbiri olmufl ve 13. s›raya gerilemifltir.Pamuk verimi aç›s›ndan inceledi¤imiz-de, ülkemiz dünyada 3. s›rada yer al-m›flt›r. Üretim ve tüketim de¤erleri incelendi-¤inde, 2006 y›l›na göre 2009-2010y›l›nda hem üretim, hem de tüketimde¤erleri tüm dünyada oldu¤u gibiülkemizde de düflmüfltür. Genel ola-rak sektörlerdeki durum gözlendi¤in-de, 2010 y›l›nda geçen y›l›n ayn› dö-nemine göre ihracatta art›fl kaydedil-di¤i görülmektedir. ‹TK‹B taraf›ndanyay›nlanan raporlar Ocak-May›s dö-neminde tekstil ve hammaddeleri ih-racat›n›n % 24.8, haz›r giyim ve kon-feksiyon ihracat›n›n ise % 14.9 art›flkaydetti¤ini belirtmektedir. Sonuçolarak, 2010 y›l›n› art›da kapatt›¤›m›-z› söyleyebiliriz. Krize karfl› ülkemizsa¤lam durmay› baflarm›flt›r. ÖzellikleAvrupa ülkelerinde yaflanan kriz buülkelerdeki al›mlar›n azalmas›na se-bep olmufl ve bu da bizim AB ülkele-rine yapt›¤›m›z ihracat› olumsuz ola-rak etkilemifltir.
Sayg›lar›mla…
2010 Y›l›n›n Ard›ndan…
After the Year 2010…
Ümit VURAL
Bak›fl / View
2 W
tekstil teknoloji4
GÜNDEM NEWS
Uster® Quantum3 Ak›ll› Temizleme Teknolojisini SunarUster Technologies üçüncü nesil Uster® Quantum temizleyicisini piyasaya sürdü.
ster Technologies 盤›r açan ve
çok satan Uster® Quantum temiz-
leme sisteminin üçüncü neslini piyasa-
ya sürdü¤ünü duyurdu. Bu son mo-
dern kalite kontrol teknolojisi, tekstil
üreticilerinin üretim etkinli¤ini optimi-
ze etmelerini ve maliyeti azaltmalar›n›
sa¤l›yor ve kalite odakl› iplik fabrikala-
r›n›n vazgeçilmez bir parças› oluyor.
Ak›ll› temizleme teknolojisiUster® Quantum 3 yeni iplik kalitesi
dünyas›na gidifl bileti sunuyor. Uster®
Quantum 3 ölçüm ve analiz yap›yor,
ve sar›m makinelerindeki ipli¤in e¤ir-
me makinesinin kalite ve verim ihti-
yaçlar›na en uygun flekilde nas›l uyar-
lanaca¤›n› söylüyor. Uster® Quantum
3 gelecek odakl› teknolojiye sahip ve
Uster®’in en geliflmifl temizleyicisi ol-
ma özelli¤i tafl›yor.
Güçlü ve yeni kapasiteli optik ve ya-
banc› madde sensörleri Uster® Quan-
tum 3’ün en temel özellikleri aras›nda
yer al›yor. Eski nesil iplik temizleme
sistemlerine göre bu sensörler her fle-
yi detayl› olarak alg›layabiliyor. Güçlü
iflleme elektroni¤iyle birlikte bu sistem
ilk defa tüm iplik gövdesini gösteriyor
(iplik gövdesi, normal iplik ve tolere
edilebilen tahmini do¤al varyasyonla-
r›ndan oluflur). Yeni yabanc› madde
sensörü birçok ›fl›k kayna¤›na sahip
oldu¤undan renkli yabanc› elyaflar›
tespit edebiliyor ve bu renkli elyaflar›,
büyük ço¤unlu¤u rahats›zl›k verme-
yen bitkisel maddelerden ay›rt etmeye
yard›mc› oluyor. Uster® Quantum 3’ün
güçlü at›k paketi yeni Polipropilen te-
mizleme seçene¤iyle tamamlan›yor.
Teknolojik geliflmeleri sayesinde Us-
ter® Quantum 3, yap›lan deneylerde
PP tespit oran›n› katlad›¤› görülüyor.
Sistemi bir üst seviyeye ç›kartan tek
özellik sensör teknolojisi de¤il. Uster®
Quantum 3 14-inç dokunmatik ekran
içeren, yeni ve merkezi bir temizleme
ünitesiyle ve daha büyük ve h›zl› bir
haf›zayla donat›l›yor. Bu ünite gerçek
zamanl› olarak yeni nesil Uster® Quan-
tum Uzman Sistemi’yle iletiflim kura-
rak herhangi bir sar›m makinesinde
de¤ifltirilmifl temizleme ayarlar›n›n
karfl›laflt›r›lmas›, benzer iplik lotlar›nda
senkronizasyon sa¤lanmas› gibi ifllem-
lerin yap›lmas›n› sa¤l›yor.
Zorlu ortamlar için güçlü temizle-
yicilerUster® Quantum 3 önceki temizleyici-
lere göre daha büyük ve daha güçlü.
Sert görünüflüyle bu yeni tasar›m en
zorlu fabrika koflullar›na dayanabiliyor
ve uzun bir hizmet ömrü sunuyor.
Ürünün gelifltirilmifl özellikleri aras›n-
da kiri ve tozu d›flar›da tutan yal›t›lm›fl
temizleyici çekirde¤i ve titremeyi en-
gelleyen güçlendirilmifl sensörler yer
al›yor.
Bir di¤er önemli özellik ise öncekilere
göre daha genifl tasarlanan Yabanc›
Elyaf sensörü. Yeni hava üfleme terti-
bat›yla birlikte bu sensör,, iplik ve ha-
va beslemesinde kirin birikmesini ön-
lüyor.
Ak›ll› ve kolay kullan›mUster® Quantum 3 ifllenen iplik hak-
k›nda bilmesi gereken her fleyi iki da-
kika içinde ö¤reniyor. Sonras›nda, Us-
ter® bilgi ve beceresini kullanarak ta-
lep edilen kalite düzeyine ulaflmak için
gerekli uygun temizlik s›n›rlar›n› belir-
liyor. Ak›ll› teknolojisi sayesinde Us-
ter® Quantum 3 kalite hedeflerine
ulaflmak için ne kadar kesinti yap›lma-
s› gerekti¤ini öngörüyor. Tahmin edi-
len kesinti say›s› fabrika sahiplerine
kalite ve verim aras›nda mükemmel
bir denge kurmalar›n› sa¤layacak en
uygun temizleme limitlerini belirleme-
leri için de¤erli bilgiler veriyor.
Kapasitif ve optik sensörlerEn geliflmifl kapasitif ve optik sensör
teknolojileriyle donat›lan Uster® Qu-
antum 3 her koflul ve uygulama alan›
için haz›r. Kapasitif teknolojinin avan-
tajlar› biliniyor olsa da, Uster® Quan-
tum 3’ün optik sensörleri yeniden ta-
sarland› ve önemli ölçüde gelifltirildi.
Hem kapasitif hem de optik temizleyi-
ci tüm iplik gövdesini görüyor, ve iplik
gövdesine göre temizleme limitleri
öneren ve kesinti tahminleri yapan
ak›ll› temizlik özellikleri sunuyor. Us-
ter® Quantum3, karde iplik, kompakt
e¤irme, hava ya da su ba¤lamal› iplik-
lerin temizleme performans› konusu-
na yeni standartlar getiriyor.
Uster Technologies Ltd. CEO’su Dr.
Geoffrey Scott: “Ç›¤›r açan Uster®
Quantum temizleme sisteminin yeni
neslini piyasaya sürerek Uster’in tek-
noloji liderli¤ini bir kez daha göster-
mekten büyük memnuniyet duyuyo-
ruz. Optik ve kapasitif sensörlerle üre-
tilen bu ürünün kalite ölçümüne yeni
standartlar getirece¤inden eminiz,”
dedi
U
tekstil teknoloji6
GÜNDEM NEWS
Uster® Quantum 3 featuring Smart Clearing TechnologyUster Technologies launches third generation of Uster® Quantum clearer
ster, Switzerland – September 28,
2010 – Uster Technologies today
announced the market introduction
of the ground-breaking third genera-
tion of its best-selling Uster® Quan-
tum clearer system. This latest state-
of-the-art quality assurance techno-
logy allows textile manufacturers to
optimize production efficiency and re-
duce costs, making it an indispensab-
le tool in quality-oriented spinning
plants.
Smart Clearing Technology
The Uster® Quantum 3 is the passport
to a new world of yarn quality. Uster®
Quantum 3 measures, analyzes and
proposes how the yarn on the win-
ding machines can best be tailored to
the spinner’s quality and productivity
needs. Uster® Quantum 3 is USTER®‘s
most advanced clearer yet, packed
with futureoriented technology.
Powerful new capacitive, optical and
foreign matter sensors are at the core
of the Uster® Quantum 3. They can
see everything, in greater detail than
any previous yarn clearer generation.
In combination with powerful proces-
sing electronics, for the first time
ever, the system shows the full yarn
body. (The yarn body is the normal
yarn with its set of expected tolerable
natural variations). The new foreign
matter sensor has multiple light sour-
ces, to detect new colored foreign fi-
bers and to help separation of colored
foreign fibers from mostly non-distur-
bing vegetable matter. The powerful
contamination package of the Uster®
Quantum 3 is completed by a brand
new Polypropylene clearing option.
Thanks to technological improve-
ments, Uster® Quantum 3 has proven
in several trials a multifold increase in
PP detection rates.
It’s not only the sensor technology
that has progressed to the next level.
The Uster® Quantum 3 also has a new
central clearing unit with 14-inch to-
uchscreen and a bigger and faster
memory. This unit can communicate
in real-time with the new-generation
Uster® Quantum Expert System– allo-
wing, for example, comparisons of
changed clearing settings at any win-
der, and synchronization across simi-
lar yarn lots.
Tough clearers for tough environ-
ments
The Uster® Quantum 3 is both larger
and more robust than any previous
clearer. Tough on the outside, its new
design will stand up to the most de-
manding mill environments and provi-
de a long service life. Improvements
include a better sealed clearer core to
keep out dirt and dust, as well as re-
inforced sensors to cope with vibrati-
on. Another improvement is the Fore-
ign Fiber sensor, which is wider than
before. Along with new air blowing
arrangements, this reduces dirt build-
up at the sensor from both the yarn
and the air supply.
Smart and radically simple to use
Uster® Quantum 3 learns everything
it needs to know about the running
yarn in just two minutes. Then, dra-
wing on its built-in Uster® know-how,
it proposes suitable clearing limits to
achieve the required quality level.
Smart technology enables the Uster®
Quantum 3 to forecast exactly how
many cuts will need to be made to re-
ach quality goals. The number of esti-
mated cuts gives spinners valuable in-
formation to help them define the op-
timum clearing limit for the perfect
balance of quality and productivity.
Capacitive or optical sensors
With a choice of the most advanced
capacitive and optical sensor techno-
logies, Uster® Quantum 3 is ready for
any application and environment.
While the advantages of the capaciti-
ve technology are well known, the
optical sensor of Uster® Quantum 3
has been redesigned and has been
substantially enhanced. Both the ca-
pacitive and the optical basic clearer
‘see’ the full yarn body and provide all
smart clearing features, which include
proposing clearing limits based on the
yarn body and providing cut fore-
casts. Uster® Quantum 3 sets a new
benchmark for clearing performance,
whether for carded yarns, compact-
spun, air-spliced or water-spliced
yarns.
Dr Geoffrey Scott, CEO of Uster Tech-
nologies Ltd., comments: “We are de-
lighted to demonstrate Uster®’s tech-
nological leadership with the launch
of the ground-breaking new generati-
on of our Uster® Quantum clearer.
We are confident that this product,
available with optical and capacitive
sensors, will set new accuracy stan-
dards in quality measurement within
the industry.”
U
tekstil teknoloji8
GÜNDEM NEWS
LC Waikiki'nin Rusya Ata¤›Çocuk ve genç haz›r giyimin öncülerinden LC Waikiki'nin Rusya genelinde dev yat›r›mlaryapaca¤› ve 50 yeni ma¤aza açaca¤› belirtildi
ürkiye'de çocuk ve genç haz›r giyi-
min öncü firmalar›ndan olan LC
Waikiki, Rusya'da dev yat›r›ma haz›r-
lan›yor. 2012 sonuna kadar Moskova,
St. Petersburg ve Rusya'n›n farkl›
kentlerinde 50 ma¤aza açmay› planla-
yan LC Waikiki toplam 75 milyon do-
larl›k bir yat›r›m yapacak. fiirketin Rus-
ya'daki ilk ma¤azas› da St. Petersburg
kentinde 25 Aral›k'ta aç›l›yor.
Moskovski Vokzal semtinde Galeriya
ticaret merkezinden faaliyete bafllaya-
cak LC Waikiki, bin 400 metrekarelik
bir alanda müflterilerine hizmet vere-
cek.
Romanya, Bulgaristan, Arnavutluk,
Kazakistan ve Irak'ta açt›¤› ma¤aza-
larla Türk ihracat›na büyük katk› sa¤-
layan flirket yurt d›fl›ndaki faaliyetlerini
19 ülkeye ç›karacak. Almanya, Fransa,
Rusya, Suudi Arabistan ve Suriye'de
çal›flmalar›na bafllayan LC Waikiki,
2020'de Avrupa'n›n en baflar›l› ilk üç
flirketi aras›na girmeyi hedefliyor.
Küçük: Rusya önemli bir pazar
LC Waikiki markas›n›n yer ald›¤› Tema
Ma¤azac›l›k Yönetim Kurulu Baflkan›
Vahap Küçük, Rusya ve Türkiye ara-
s›nda son dönemde iliflkilerin ciddi bir
flekilde geliflti¤ini ve Rusya'da önemli
f›rsatlar gördüklerini söyledi.
Rusya piyasas› ile ilgili de¤erlendirme-
de bulunan Küçük, "Rusya'y› öncelikli
yat›r›m alan› olarak belirledik. Mosko-
va d›fl›ndaki bölgelerde henüz al›fl ve-
rifl merkezleri alt yap›s› tamamlanm›fl
de¤il.
Buralarda yer alabilmek halen müm-
kün. Pazar aç›s›ndan da büyüyen bir
yap›s› var. ‹ki ülke siyasi iliflkilerinin
geldi¤i noktay› düflündü¤ümüzde ya-
t›r›mlar aç›s›ndan önümüzün aç›k ol-
du¤unu görüyoruz" dedi.
Gelifl gidifller daha da artar
‹ki ülkenin önümüzdeki befl y›l içinde
100 milyar dolar ticaret hacmi hedefi
koydu¤unu hat›rlatan Küçük, vizelerin
kalkmas›n›n ard›ndan gidifl gelifllerin
h›zl› bir flekilde artaca¤›n› kaydetti.
Rus turistlerin tatil için Türkiye'ye yo-
¤un bir flekilde geldiklerini de ifade
eden LC Waikiki'nin ortaklar›ndan Kü-
çük, markalar›n›n Ruslar aras›nda bili-
nirlikle aç›s›ndan da avantajlar› oldu-
¤unu söyledi.
Haftada bir ma¤aza aç›yor
Türkiye'de 300'ün üzerinde ma¤aza
ile çal›flmalar›n› sürdüren LC Waikiki,
haftada bir yeni ma¤aza aç›yor. 6-7
ayd›r perakende sektöründe ifllerin yo-
lunda oldu¤u bilgisi veren Küçük, Tür-
kiye ile ilgili hedeflerini de aç›klad›:
"Türkiye'de haftada bir ma¤aza aç›-
yoruz. 2011 sonunda 360 civar›nda
ma¤azaya ulaflm›fl olaca¤›z. 2010 so-
nunda 1,4 milyar dolar olmas›n› bek-
ledi¤imiz ciromuz da, 2011 sonunda
2 milyar dolara ulaflacak.
Mevcut on bin çal›flan›m›z›n say›s›n›
da art›raca¤›z. Gelecek y›l en az bin
kifliye daha istihdam sa¤lamay› hedef-
liyoruz."
Kaliteli ürünler krizi bitirir
Türkiye'de parekende piyasas›nda kri-
zin afl›ld›¤›n› ve çok olumlu geliflmeler
yaflad›¤›n› ifade eden Küçük, "Önü-
müzdeki dönemde de herhangi bir k›-
r›lganl›k görmüyoruz. Genel tekstil
sektörü aç›s›ndan bakt›¤›m›zda girdi
maliyetlerinin yüksek oluflu rekabet
flans›n› azalt›yor. Türk haz›r giyim sek-
törünün h›zl› ve esnek yap›s›n›n yan›
s›ra katma de¤eri yüksek kaliteli ürün-
lere yönelik çal›flmalar› ile krizden ç›-
kaca¤›n› düflünüyorum" tavsiyesinde
bulundu.
Avrupa için 2020 hedefi
2020 y›l›na kadar Avrupa'n›n en bafla-
r›l› üç firmas›ndan biri olmak gibi bir
vizyonlar› oldu¤unu kaydeden Küçük,
buna tam inan›yoruz dedi.
De¤iflime h›zl› tepki vermek, kendi
sektörüne odaklaflmak, kazand›¤›n› yi-
ne sektöre yat›rmak, insan kayna¤› ve
teknoloji yat›r›mlar›na da önem ver-
mek LC Waikiki'nin benimsedi¤i temel
prensipler aras›nda yer al›yor.
T
Lc Waikiki Yönetim Kurulu Baflkan› Vahap Küçük
tekstil teknoloji10
GÜNDEM NEWS
Russian attack of LC WaikikiOne of the leading manufacturers of children and teen ready-wear garments,
ne of the leading manufacturers ofchildren and teen ready-wear gar-
ments in Turkey, LC Waikiki is prepa-ring to make significant investments inRussia. Until the end of 2012, LC Waiki-ki plans to open up 50 new stores inMoscow, St. Petersburg and other dif-ferent cities of Russia and the companywill invest a total of 75 million dollars inthe country. The first store of LC Waiki-ki will be opened in St. Petersburg inDecember 25th. LC Waikiki will offer itsproducts to customers in a 400 metersquare area in Galleria trade center inMoskovski Vokzal. The company contri-buted to Turkish exports with its storesin Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Kazakh-stan and Iraq and now it will continueto operate in 19 countries. LC Waikikistarted its operational studies in Ger-many, France, Russia, Saudi Arabia andSyria and aims to be among top 3 mostsuccessful companies of Europe by2020. Küçük: Russia is an importantmarket Chairman of the Board of Direc-tors of Tema Ma¤azac›l›k, which inclu-des LC Waikiki brand as well as others,Vahap Küçük said that the relationshipbetween Russia and Turkey has beenimproving significantly in the recent pe-riod and that they see important oppor-tunities in Russia.While evaluating theRussian market, Küçük said; “we havedefined Russia as our priority invest-ment field. In areas other than Mos-cow, the infrastructure of shoppingcenter has not yet been completed. Ho-wever, it is still possible to exist in theseareas. The country is growing in marke-ting terms. When we consider the poli-tical relationship between the two co-untries, we know that we have impor-tant investment opportunities.” The number of round trips will increaseKüçük reminded that both Turkey andRussia aim to increase their trade volu-me to 100 billion dollars in 5 years and
since visa requirements between thecountries have been lifted, the numberof round trips will increase. He alsomentioned that Russian tourists cometo Turkey very often and Waikiki brandhas many advantages such as popula-rity.
A store is opened once a weekOperating with more than 300 stores inTurkey, LC Waikiki opens up a store on-ce a week. Küçük said that retailingsector has been improving for 6-7months, and announced the targets ofthe company related to Turkey: “Weopen up a new store every week. Wewill have nearly 360 stores at the end of2011. Our turnover is expected to be1,4 billion dollars in 2010 and it will re-ach to 2 billion dollars by the end of2011. We will increase the number of emplo-yees, which is currently ten thousand.We aim to employ at least a thousandpersons next year.”
Quality products put an end to thecrisis Küçük mentioned that the crisis has en-ded in the retail market in Turkey andpositive improvements are observed forthe future: “We do not expect any bre-akdown in the business. When we con-sider textile sector, competition is redu-
ced due to high input and raw materi-als. I believe that Turkish ready weargarment sector will overcome crisiswith its fast and flexible structure andstudies related to quality products withhigh added value.
2020 targets for EuropeKüçük said that they have a vision ofbecoming the top 3 most successfulcompanies of Europe by 2020 and thatthey believe it is possible.
Main principles of LC Waikiki are
adapting to changes, focusing on the
specialized sector, investing in the
sector and prioritizing human resour-
ces and technological investments.
O
tekstil teknoloji12
GÜNDEM NEWS
Oasis SAF’a Çin’de Tam NotSüper emici elyaf teknolojisi Oasis Süper Emici Elyaf (Oasis SAF®), CinteTechtextil Çin’deziyaretçilerin ak›n›na u¤rad›.
ngiltere merkezli flirket Technical
Absorbents taraf›ndan üretilen
Oasis Süper Emici Elyaf (Oasis SAF®)
Shanghai, Çin’de gerçeklefltirilen
uluslar aras› CinteTechtextil Ticari
Fuar›’nda ziyaretçilerden tam not ald›.
320’den fazla stand› bulunan ve üç
gün süren uzman ticari fuar›, ayn› za-
manda, teknik tekstil, nonwoven ve
makineler konusunda Çin’de türünün
tek örne¤i olma özelli¤i tafl›yor.
18.000’den fazla uluslararas› ziyaret-
çi, Cinte ad›yla tan›nan ve dinamik bir
flekilde kaynak bulmaya, iletiflim kur-
maya ve bilgi al›flverifline olanak sa¤la-
yan bu platform için Çin’e geldiler.
Technical Absorbents, Oasis SAF® el-
yaf›n›n yan› s›ra, bilindi¤i gibi, tamam›
Oasis SAF® elyaf› içeren nonwoven, ip-
lik, dokuma kumafl ve terbiyeli müflte-
ri ürünleri de üretiyor. Bu baflar›, flir-
ketin uzun y›llar boyunca dünyan›n
öncü uzman elyaf dönüfltürücüleri,
kumafl ve son ürün üreticileriyle yapt›-
¤› iflbirli¤inden kaynaklan›yor.
Asya’da hamleye haz›rlan›yor
fiirket Asya’daki pazar yollar›nda iler-
lemek için bu bölgedeki flirketlerle de
benzer iliflkiler kurmaya haz›rlan›yor.
Çin’de gerçeklefltirilen bu etkinlik ayn›
zamanda flirketin Asya’daki varl›¤›n›
güçlendirmek için önemli bir f›rsat su-
nuyor.
Technical Absorbents, BluestarFibres
Limited flirketinin bir alt kuruluflu. Bu
flirket ise, Çin Ulusal Bluestar (Grup)
fiirketi’nin bir parças› olarak faaliyet
gösteriyor. Bu grup flirketi de Çin’in
en h›zl› büyüyen kimyasal gruplar›n-
dan biri olan ChemChina’ya ba¤l› bu-
lunuyor.
Technical Absorbents stand›nda ayr›-
ca, Agrotech, Indutech, Sporttech,
Packtech ve Medtech sektörlerinde
uygulama alanlar› bulunan süper emi-
ci teknolojiler ve bu teknolojilerin çe-
flitli kullan›mlar› da ziyaretçilere tan›-
t›ld›. Bu ürünler birçok ziyaretçiyi ve
potansiyel müflteriyi bu standa çek-
meyi baflard›.
“Mükemmel bir f›rsat oldu”
‹fl Gelifltirme Yöneticisi David Hill,
“CINTE’ye kat›lmam›z, SAF® teknoloji-
sine uygulama alan› sa¤layan genifl bir
pazar taban›nda bulunan ve tedarik
zincirinde yer alan önemli oyuncularla
bir araya gelmek için flirketimize mü-
kemmel bir platform sundu. Technical
Absorbents’›n çok genifl bir uygulama
alan›nda kullan›lan süper emici ürün
portföyü büyük ilgi topluyor ve Çin’in
yerel pazarlar›nda kendine yer edini-
yor” dedi.
Fuar›n yan› s›ra fuar organizatörü
Messe Frankfurt (HK) Limited, içinde
ürün sunumlar› ve sempozyumun yer
alan bir program düzenledi. Bu prog-
ramla Çin’de giderek büyüyen tekno-
loji taleplerini karfl›lamak isteyen en-
düstri oyuncular›ndan olumlu tepkiler
ald›. David Hill bu programda, ayr›ca,
“G›da Paketlemede Emici Ürünler”
bafll›¤› alt›nda bir sunum yapt›.
‹
tekstil teknoloji14
GÜNDEM NEWS
Technical Absorbents takes part in 2010 ICTN held at IIT Delhi, IndiaSuper absorbent fiber technology Oasis Super Absorbent Fiber (Oasis SAF®) Cinte Techtextilattracted visitors' attention
Delegates attending the recent In-
ternational Conference on Tech-
nical Textiles & Nonwovens, held in
New Delhi, were keen to find out
about the various applications for Su-
per Absorbent Fibre (SAF®), manufac-
tured by UK-based company, Techni-
cal Absorbents (TAL).
The 3-day conference aimed to bring
together industry, research organisa-
tions and academia in the field of
technical textiles for meaningful dis-
cussions on the existing technical tex-
tile products, possibilities for new
product development and domestic
and global market potentials for the-
se products, along with coming up
with a suitable strategy for the deve-
lopment of technical textiles in India.
Enquiries received by TAL at the event
included interest in the technology
developed for both washable super
absorbency and evaporative cooling,
both used in the performance apparel
markets. Leading yarn manufacturers
came forward to learn how they can
utilise the unique absorbency features
of SAF® for enhancing their product
portfolio. Those from the filtration
sector were interested to learn about
the rapid absorption rates of SAF®
within fuel filtration for separating
water and the absorption of moisture
in air filtration.
Mr David Hill, Business Development
Manager, gave a presentation to de-
legates entitled ‘Innovative fluid ma-
nagement solutions for advanced
technical textiles’ which was very well
received by the industry and research
fellows attending.
Mr Hill said:
“The Indian Technical Textiles sector
presents a tremendous market deve-
lopment opportunity for Technical
Absorbents. The extremely diverse
application areas for TAL’s superab-
sorbent product technology, lends it-
self perfectly to the manufacturing
capability and high people skill base
present within the Indian domestic
technical textiles sector. TAL’s presen-
ce at this year’s IIT event was very fa-
vourably received. TAL’s collaboration
with the New Delhi based BCH Gro-
up, continues to provide a sound sup-
port base to its development activities
within India.”
Notes for Editors
• Technical Absorbents is owned by
Bluestar Fibres Limited, a wholly-ow-
ned subsidiary of China National Blu-
eStar (Group) Company Limited,
which in-turn is wholly-owned by the
ChemChina Group.
• SAF® is a cross-linked polymer (thre-
e different monomers) of acrylic acid
(AA) methylacrylate (MA) and a small
quantity of a special acrylate/methacr-
ylate monomer (SAMM). The reaction
between the acid groups in acrylic
acid and the hydroxyl groups in
hydroxpropylmethacrylate result in
ester groups. These are formed as a
result of cross-links between polymer
chains.
• SAF® is white, odourless and has the
appearance and improved handling
characteristics of a textile fibre, while
offering the possibility of being used
to produce a wide range of soft hand-
le fabrics. Along with the advanta-
ges of easy handling, it also possesses
enhanced containment ability and in-
creased compatibility with different
processing techniques and machinery.
• SAF® is an extremely effective and
versatile super absorbent technology,
and the company behind the product
– Technical Absorbents – is at the fo-
refront of the industry.
• Applications for the super absor-
bent technology include food packa-
ging, hygiene, medical and dental go-
ods. SAF® is regulated by the United
States of America Food and Drug Ad-
ministration (FDA) for use as a fluid
absorbent in food contact materials.
D
TAL’s presence at this year’s IIT event was very favourably received. TAL’s
tekstil teknoloji16
GÜNDEM NEWS
Brezilya Tekstil Endüstrisi, Alman Tekstil Makineleri Konferans› Baflar›l› Bir fiekilde Sona Erdi.São Paulo’da düzenlenen konferansda son teknolojiler izlendi.
ão Paulo ve Blumenau’da gerçek-
lefltirilen “Brezilya’da Tekstil için
Alman Teknolojileri Konferans›”na
Brezilya’n›n büyüyen tekstil endüstri-
sinden 430 temsilci kat›ld›. Hem karar
mercileri hem de tekstil teknisyenleri;
enerji, su, tedarik ve hammadde kulla-
n›m› gibi etkin bir tekstil üretimi ger-
çeklefltirmenin araçlar›na yönelik en
yeni teknoloji trendlerini ö¤rendiler.
Konferanslar Alman VDMA Tekstil
Makineleri Derne¤i taraf›ndan organi-
ze edildi ve Alman Federal Ekonomi ve
Teknoloji Bakanl›¤›’n›n deste¤iyle 3-4
Kas›m 2010 tarihlerinde São Paulo ve
8-9 Kas›m 2010 tarihlerinde Blumena-
u’da gerçeklefltirildi.
Kat›l›mc› fiirketler
Teknoloji bafll›¤› alt›nda 22 ünlü flirket
taraf›ndan yap›lan konuflmalar tüm
tekstil zincirinde yer alan makine, ak-
sesuar ve hizmetleri kapsad›. Bunlar
aras›nda; e¤irme, dokuma, örgü & ço-
rap, nonwovenlar, terbiye (y›kama,
beyazlatma, boyama ve kurutma dâ-
hil) ve tekstil testlerini yer ald›.
Konuflmalara kat›lan flirketler aras›nda
ise Brückner Textile Finishing Machi-
nery, Erbatech, Hohenstein Textile
Testing Institute, Groz-Beckert, Jakob
Müller, Karl Mayer, Lindauer Dornier,
Mahlo, Memminger Iro, Monforts,
Oeko-Tex, Oerlikon Neumag, Oerli-
kon Schlafhorst, Pleva, Reseda Binder,
Rieter Ingolstadt, Textechno, Then,
Trützschler Nonwovens Group - Fle-
issner, Trützschler Spinning, Welker
Spinntech and XETMA Vollenweider,
yer ald›.
ABBT – Brezilya Tekstil Teknisyen-
leri Derne¤i’nden konferansa mü-
kemmel notlar
ABBT Baflkan› Reinaldo A. Rozzatti;
“ABBT – Brezilya Tekstil Teknisyenleri
Derne¤i olarak, São Paulo ve Blume-
nau’da gerçeklefltirdi¤i “Brezilya Teks-
til Endüstrisi için Alman Teknolojisi”
bafll›kl› konferans ve konuflmalar için
VDMA- Tekstil Teknolojileri Derne-
¤i’ne teflekkür ediyoruz.
Tekstil alan›ndaki flirketlere ve Brezil-
yal› endüstri temsilcilerine yeni tekno-
lojileri getiren bu etkinli¤i destekle-
mek flirketimiz için önemli bir onur-
dur.”
Federal Alman Cumhuriyeti’nde mer-
kezi bulunan yirmi iki flirketin, tüm
tekstil zinciri için ürettikleri makine ve
ekipmanlar›n› sunmak üzere Brezil-
ya’ya gelmesi ve böylece ülkenin mev-
cut yeni teknolojileri inceleme ve göz-
lemleme flans› bulmas›yla yerel flirket-
ler endüstriyel makinelerini yenilemek
için daha fazla seçene¤e sahip oldular
ve sat›n alma kararlar›n› buna göre
verme flans› buldular.
Bu etkinlikte Brezilya endüstrisinin da-
ha rekabetçi olmas›n›, pazara daha
uyumlu ürünlerle hizmet vermesini ve
ekolojik standartlara uygun bir flekilde
üretim yapmas›n› sa¤layacak yeni
ekipmanlar üreticilere tan›t›ld›.
Endüstrinin yorumlar›
Brückner Tekstil Terbiye Makineleri,
Pazarlama ve Reklam Departman› Bafl-
kan› Verena Ruckh;
“Bu sempozyum, tüm ilgili müflterile-
rimize ve ziyaretçilerimize en yeni tek-
nolojilerimizi tan›tmak ve Brezilya pa-
zar›ndaki oyuncularla iliflkimizi gelifl-
tirmek üzere önemli bir f›rsat sundu.”
IRO GmbH Müflteri Hizmetleri Müdü-
rü Walter Letzgus:
“VDMA sayesinde flirketimiz en yeni
ürün gam›n› Brezilya’daki örgü fabri-
kalar›na tan›tt›.”
ERBATECH GmbH Yöneticisi Ulrich
von Christen:
“Brezilya tekstil endüstrisine uygun
birçok geliflmifl ürünümüz bulunuyor.
Brezilya’n›n ekipmanlar›m›za gösterdi-
¤i ilgi ise muazzam.”
Hohenstein Enstitüsü Latin Ameri-
ka Müdürü Fritz V. Herbold;
“VDMA’n›n São Paulo ve Blumena-
u’da gerçeklefltirdi¤i etkinlikler hiz-
metlerimizi tekstil dünyas›na sunmak
için önemli bir f›rsat sundu. Böyle bir
f›rsat Hohenstein Enstitüsü’nün kimya
endüstrisindeki müflterilerimiz için ne
kadar önemli oldu¤unu Brezilya’daki
potansiyel müflterilere göstermifl oldu.
Organizatörleri böyle bir etkinli¤i biz-
lere kazand›rd›¤› için teflekkür ediyo-
ruz.”
S
Hohenstein Enstitüsü’nün kimya endüstrisindeki müflterilerimiz için ne kadar önemli oldu¤unu Brezilya’dakipotansiyel müflterilere göstermifl oldu
tekstil teknoloji18
GÜNDEM NEWS
Successful Conference on German Textile Machinery for the Brazilian Textile IndustryLatest technologies were followed at the conference in Sao Paulo
rankfurt am Main, 22nd November
2010 – 430 delegates from the
Brazilian textile industry attended the
“Conference on German Technology
for Brazilian Textiles” in São Paulo and
Blumenau. Both decision makers as
well as textile technicians informed
themselves about the latest techno-
logy trends e. g. for efficient textile
production in terms of energy, water
supply and raw material use.
The conferences – initiated by the
German VDMA Textile Machinery As-
sociation and supported by the Ger-
man Federal Ministry of Economics &
Technology - took place in São Paulo
(3rd – 4th November 2010) and Blume-
nau (8th – 9th November 2010).
Participating companies
The technology lectures given by 22
renowned companies covered machi-
nery, accessories and services along
the complete textile chain: Spinning,
weaving, knitting & hosiery, nonwo-
vens, finishing (incl. washing, bleac-
hing, dyeing, drying) and textile tes-
ting. The following companies partici-
pated: Brückner Textile Finishing Mac-
hinery, Erbatech, Hohenstein Textile
Testing Institute, Groz-Beckert, Jakob
Müller, Karl Mayer, Lindauer Dornier,
Mahlo, Memminger Iro, Monforts,
Oeko-Tex, Oerlikon Neumag, Oerli-
kon Schlafhorst, Pleva, Reseda Binder,
Rieter Ingolstadt, Textechno, Then,
Trützschler Nonwovens Group - Fle-
issner, Trützschler Spinning, Welker
Spinntech and XETMA Vollenweider.
Excellent notes from ABTT- Brazi-
lian Association of Textile Techni-
cians
Reinaldo A. Rozzatti, President of
ABTT states: “The ABTT-Brazilian As-
sociation of Textile Technicians con-
gratulates VDMA – Textile Machinery
Association for the realization of the
Brazilian Editions in São Paulo and
Blumenau of the Conference and Ex-
position Cycles “German Technology
for the Brazilian Textile Industry”. It
has been a great honour for our asso-
ciation to support this event that has
brought new technologies to the tex-
tile area companies and to the indus-
trial Brazilian public.
The twenty two companies headquar-
tered in the Federal Republic of Ger-
many delighted to present their mac-
hines and equipment to the entrepre-
neurs from the textile chain, here in
Brazil, so that they could observe
what could be offered in terms of
new technologies available, and in
doing so they could have more argu-
ments for their purchasing decision
looking for renewal of their industrial
machines. At this event the public be-
came aware of new equipment, that
are to help the Brazilian industry to be
more competitive, serving the market
with more adequate products and
manufacturing under ecological stan-
dards.”
F
Technical Absorbents Takes Part in 2010 ICTN held at IIT Delhi, IndiaLeading yarn manufacturers came forward to learn how they can utilise the unique absorbency features of SAF® for enhancing their product portfolio.
elegates attending the recent Inter-national Conference on Technical
Textiles & Nonwovens, held in New Del-hi, were keen to find out about the va-rious applications for Super AbsorbentFibre (SAF®), manufactured by UK-basedcompany, Technical Absorbents (TAL).The 3-day conference aimed to bring to-gether industry, research organisationsand academia in the field of technicaltextiles for meaningful discussions onthe existing technical textile products,possibilities for new product develop-ment and domestic and global marketpotentials for these products, along withcoming up with a suitable strategy forthe development of technical textiles inIndia. Enquiries received by TAL at the
event included interest in the technologydeveloped for both washable super ab-sorbency and evaporative cooling, bothused in the performance apparel mar-kets. Leading yarn manufacturers cameforward to learn how they can utilise theunique absorbency features of SAF® forenhancing their product portfolio. Thosefrom the filtration sector were interestedto learn about the rapid absorption ratesof SAF® within fuel filtration for separa-ting water and the absorption of moistu-re in air filtration. Mr David Hill, BusinessDevelopment Manager, gave a presen-tation to delegates entitled ‘Innovativefluid management solutions for advan-ced technical textiles’ which was verywell received by the industry and rese-
arch fellows attending.
Mr Hill said:“The Indian Technical Textiles sector pre-sents a tremendous market develop-ment opportunity for Technical Absor-bents. The extremely diverse applicationareas for TAL’s superabsorbent producttechnology, lends itself perfectly to themanufacturing capability and high pe-ople skill base present within the Indiandomestic technical textiles sector. TAL’spresence at this year’s IIT event was veryfavourably received. TAL’s collaborationwith the New Delhi based BCH Group,continues to provide a sound supportbase to its development activities withinIndia.”
D
tekstil teknoloji19
GÜNDEM NEWS
Technical Absorbents’ten Hindistan Ata¤›Hindistan’da düzenlenen ICTN 2010 etkinli¤ine kat›lan Technical Absorbents Delhi, özellikleSüper Emici Elyaf ürünü ile büyük ilgi gördü
echnical Absorbents Delhi, geçti¤imizgünlerde Hindistan’da gerçeklefltiri-
len ICTN 2010’da yer ald›. Yeni Delhi’de-ki Uluslararas› Teknik Tekstiller & Nonwo-ven Konferans›’na kat›lan temsilciler, ‹n-giltere merkezli Technical Absorbents(TAL) flirketi taraf›ndan üretilen SüperEmici Elyaf’a (SAF®) ve uygulama alanlar›-na büyük ilgi gösterdi. Temsilciler, ürününözellikleri karfl›s›nda hayranl›klar›n› gizle-yemediler. Üç gün süren konferanstatekstil endüstrisi, araflt›rma organizasyon-lar› ve teknik tekstil alan›ndan akademis-yenler mevcut teknik tekstil uygulamalar›-n› tart›flmak üzere bir araya geldi. Kat›l›m-c›lar, ayn› zamanda, yeni ürün geliflimleriüzerine konuflmak, bu ürünlerin yerel veküresel pazar potansiyellerini ortaya koy-mak ve Hindistan’da teknik tekstillerin ge-
liflmesi için uygun bir strateji bulmak üze-re de fikir al›flverifli gerçeklefltirdiler. Kon-feransta TAL’a yöneltilen sorular perfor-mans giyimi pazarlar›nda kullan›lan ve y›-kanabilir süper emicilik özelli¤i için geliflti-rilen teknolojiler ve buharl› so¤utma tek-ni¤i üzerine oldu.
David Hill: Yerelde potansiyel varLider iplik üreticileri, kendi ürün portföyle-rini zenginlefltirmek için SAF®’›n eflsiz emi-cilik özelliklerini nas›l kullanabilecekleriniö¤renme f›rsat› buldular. Özellikle filtrele-me endüstrisi temsilcileri yak›t filtreleme-de suyu ay›rmak ve hava filtrelemedenem emilimi sa¤lamak için SAF®’›n h›zl›emicilik oranlar›n› ö¤renmek istediler. ‹flGelifltirme Müdürü David Hill, burada, en-düstri temsilcilerine, “‹leri düzey teknik
tekstiller için yenilikçi s›v› yönetim çözüm-leri” bafll›¤› alt›nda bir sunum yapt›. Busunum kat›l›mc› endüstri üyeleri ve araflt›r-mac›lar taraf›ndan oldukça be¤enildi. Hillkonuflmas›nda, “Hindistan Teknik Tekstilsektörü Technical Absorbents flirketinepazar gelifltirme konusunda büyük f›rsat-lar sunuyor. Sektörde TAL’in süper emiciürün teknolojisi için birçok uygulama ala-n› bulunuyor. fiirketin, Hindistan’›n üretimkapasitesini ve yetenekli çal›flan say›s›n›artt›rmak üzere yerel teknik tekstil sektö-ründe önemli bir potansiyeli var. TAL’inbu y›l gerçeklefltirilen ITT etkinli¤indekivarl›¤› ise büyük ilgi toplamay› baflard›.fiirketin Yeni Delhi merkezli BCH Grubuy-la yapt›¤› iflbirli¤i, Hindistan’da gerçeklefl-tirece¤i kalk›nma etkinlikleri için önemlibir temel oluflturuyor” dedi.
T
First Things Took place at IGATEXIGATEX took place between 22 - 24 October
he 6th IGATEX took place at the
newly opened Expo Centre in La-
hore, Pakistan for the first time. From
22 to 24 October the exhibition at-
tracted a large number of visitors,
mainly from the Punjab province.
Igatex Pakistan confirmed its place as
one of the largest and best establis-
hed Garment & Textile Machinery and
accessories exhibitions in South East
Asia. SSM shared a booth with their
representative AHS Textile Machinery.
We would like to thank them for the
perfect organization and for helping
to make this show a successful one. A
fact that was also influenced by the
recently launched CW8-W Classic-
Wind™, that SSM was showing for
the first time in Pakistan. The CW8-
W, a very economical solution for the
preparation of packages for weaving,
warp knitting and circular knitting
helped to draw a large number of vi-
sitors to the booth.
Thanks to all visitors:
Furthermore, SSM would like to take
this opportunity to thank all visitors
that visited our booth for discussions
concerning imminent projects or just
for checking out the latest equip-
ment. Many thanks for giving us your
trust.
T
tekstil teknoloji20
GÜNDEM NEWS
IGATEX’te ilkler Yafland›IGATEX, 22 - 24 Ekim tarihleri aras›nda gerçekleflti
IGATEX Fuar› ilk defa Lahore,
Pakistan’da yeni aç›lan Expo
Center’da gerçeklefltirildi. 22-24 Ekim
tarihleri aras›nda yap›lan fuara özellik-
le Punjab bölgesinden birçok ziyaretçi
geldi. Igatex Pakistan böylece gi-
yim&tekstil makineleri ve aksesuarlar›
konusunda Güney Do¤u Asya’daki en
büyük ve en baflar›l› fuarlardan biri ol-
du¤unu kan›tlad›.
SSM SchärerSchweiterMettler AG’den
yap›lan aç›klamada, “SSM ve bölge
temsilcisi AHS Tekstil Makineleri fuar-
da bir stand› paylaflt›. Onlara mükem-
mel bir organizasyon yapt›klar› ve bu
fuar› baflar›yla gerçeklefltirdikleri için
teflekkür ediyoruz.
Fuar›n flirket için baflar›l› geçmesinin
en önemli sebebi flirketin, yeni piyasa-
ya sürülen CW 8-W ClassicWind™ sis-
temini ilk defa Pakistan’da tan›t›yor
olmas›yd›. Dokuma, çözgü örme ve
dairesel örgü paketleri haz›rlama ko-
nusunda ekonomik bir çözüm sunan
CW 8-W, SSM stand›na birçok müflte-
ri çekmeyi baflard›.
SSM olarak, gelecekteki projeleriyle il-
gili görüflmeler yapmak ve son ekip-
manlar› incelemek üzere fuar stand›na
gelen tüm ziyaretçilere teflekkür edi-
yoruz.
Bize güvendi¤iniz için teflekkürler”
denildi.
6.
tekstil teknoloji22
GÜNDEM NEWS
Shanghai’den DönüflITMA ASIA + CITME bir kez daha Asyal› Tekstil Üreticilerinin en önemli platformu oldu¤unukan›tlad›.
hanghai’de ikincisi gerçeklefltirilen
ITMA ASIA + CITME fuar› 26 Tem-
muz’da sona erdi. Fuar, Asyal› tekstil
üreticilerinin en önemli platformu ol-
du¤unu ve dünya çap›ndaki tekstil pi-
yasalar›n›n geliflme sürecinin h›zland›-
¤›n› kan›tlad›. Özellikle Cematex ve
ACIMIT gibi kat›l›mc›lar ve ticari der-
neklerden al›nan izlenimler ve fuar
boyunca birçok flirketin ald›¤› siparifl-
ler, tekstil endüstrisinin 2009 y›l›yla
karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda h›zl› bir büyüme ya-
flad›¤›n› gösteriyor. 30 farkl› ülkeden
gelen 1200 kat›l›mc› ikincisi düzenle-
nen bu önemli fuara kat›ld› ve “Yeni
Shanghai Uluslararas› Expo Center”da
100,000 m2 fazla alanda ürünlerini zi-
yaretçilere sundu. ITMA ASIA, befl
gün boyunca 94 ülkeden 100,000 zi-
yaretçinin ak›n›na u¤rad›.
ITMA ASIA + CITME 2010 fuar›nda
Savio, stand›n› ka¤›t fenerle süsleme
karar› ald› ve fuarda sundu¤u makine-
lerinin üzerine büyük fenerler ast›. Bu
fenerler dünyan›n en büyük tekstil pi-
yasas› olan Çin’i simgelerken, dekora-
tif özelli¤iyle olumlu tepkiler ald› ve
büyük ilgi gördü. Büyük boyutlar› sa-
yesinde bu fenerler, benzer etkinlikler
için kullan›lan en büyük fenerler olma
özelli¤ini tafl›d›.
Stand›n iç alan› düflünüldü¤ünde, du-
varlardaki büyük resimler, Savio’nun
makineleriyle donat›lan iplik fabrikala-
r›ndan bir kesit sundu ve fuar alan›na
derinlik ve boyut kazand›rd›. Ziyaretçi-
leri duygusal bir yolculu¤a ç›karan bu
stand, onlar› flafl›rtmay› ve ilgilerini
çekmeyi baflard›.
SAVIO ORION Shandong
Müflterilerden ve operatörlerden ge-
len olumlu geri dönüfller Savio’nun
baflar›l› bir fuar geçirdi¤ini gösteriyor.
Savio’nun ziyaretçileri genelde Çinliy-
di ancak flirketin yabanc› ziyaretçi ora-
n›n›n artmas› küresel tekstil piyasas›-
n›n tek gücünün Çin olmad›¤›n› kan›t-
lad›. Standa özellikle Hindistan, Tay-
van, Taylan, Kore, Pakistan ve Bangla-
defl’ten ziyaretçiler gelirken, Türkiye,
Orta Do¤u ve Güney Amerika’dan da
ziyaretçi ak›fl› sa¤land›.
Shanghai’ye gelen yabanc› ziyaretçile-
rin say›s›n›n artmas›n›n sebebinin, ar-
t›k inkar edilmeyen ve giderek daha
da kabul gören bir gerçeklik yaratan
Çinli üreticilere olan merak ve ilgi ol-
du¤u söylenebilir.
Fuar 22 Temmuz’da, Çin Tekstil En-
düstrisi Baflkan› Du Wang Zhou’nun
ziyaretiyle onurland›r›ld›. Zhou, fuarda
sunulan makineleri tan›t›rken, enerji
tasarrufu, verim ve otomasyon konu-
lar›na odakland›.
Müflteri ve operatörler Savio ürünleri-
ne büyük ilgi gösterdi. fiirket iki sar›m
makinesini ve yeni ikiye-bir büküm
makinesini ilk defa ITMA ASIA 2010
fuar›nda tan›tt›.
Çin’deki yeni “Savio (Shandong) Teks-
til Makineleri” fabrikas›nda üretilen
Otomatik sar›m makinesi SAVIO ORI-
ON SHANDONG, yüksek verimli ve ka-
liteli iplik, düflük enerji tüketimi, dü-
flük bak›m ve yat›r›m masraf› özellikle-
rini talep eden Uzak Do¤u piyasas›
için özel olarak gelifltirildi. Bu makine-
S
Fuara çok say›da yerli ve yabanc› ziyaretçi kat›ld›.
tekstil teknoloji23
GÜNDEM NEWS
yi yeni yatak tasar›m›yla ve Leopfe Zenit X ile donat›lan yeni
açma sistemiyle sunuyoruz.
POLAR/I – Do¤rudan Ba¤lant›l› Sistem
Otomatik “ba¤lant› türü” sar›m makinesi “Polar/I DLS, Çin
pazar›ndan da büyük ilgi topluyor. DLS, otomatik sar›mda er-
gonomiyi ve kullan›c› dostu çok yönlü özellikleri bir araya ge-
tiren yeni bir konsept sunuyor. POLAR/I DLS’nin bilezikli ma-
kine bobinlerinin do¤rudan beslemesi bulunuyor ve böylece
makinenin bir uzant›s› haline gelerek materyallerin tamamen
ba¤›ms›z bir flekilde akmas›n› sa¤l›yor. Bu özellikleri sayesin-
de bu özel makine Çin piyasas›n›n önemli segmentlerinden
büyük övgü al›yor. Bunun en önemli sebebi ise eleman bul-
ma konusunda giderek daha fazla s›k›nt› yaflayan Çin pazar›-
n›n bu tür makinelere talep göstermesi.
Çin’de iplik makineleri alan›nda yaflanan önemli geliflmeler
ba¤lant›l› sar›m makinelerinin yayg›nlaflmas›n› sa¤l›yor. Polar
I/DLS, en iyi kullan›m özellikleri sunan modüler ve yüksek ve-
rimli bobin iflleme sistemiyle geliyor ve Avrupal›, Hint, Çinli
ve Japon iplik makinesi üreticilerine do¤rudan ba¤lanabili-
yor.
SIRIUS Elektronik Tahrik Sistemi
Yeni büküm makinesi nesli olan SIRIUS ilk defa ITMA ASIA
2010’da tan›t›ld› ve fuar›n en önemli yenili¤i oldu. Fuarda su-
nulan sürümü, mekanik sürüme göre ayarlar konusunda da-
ha fazla esneklik sunan, elektrikli akslara sahip Elektronik
Tahrik Sistemi (EDS) oldu. SIRIUS EDS modelinde bulunan ba-
¤›ms›z motor ve invertörler tüm iflletim parametrelerinin bil-
gisayarla ayarlanabilmesini sa¤l›yor.
Bu yenili¤i sa¤layan elektronik bilgi ve beceri, Savio’nun di-
¤er geliflmifl makinelerinde kulland›¤› bilgi birikiminden geli-
yor. Bu inovasyonun en önemli özelli¤i makineni haz›rl›k sü-
resini k›saltmas›, tek bir makineye gereken operatör say›s›n›
azaltmas› ve son olarak de¤iflim ve ayarlar›n kolay ve do¤ru-
dan yap›lmas›n› sa¤lamas›.
Dahas› yeni sistem, ayarlar›n t›pk› mekanik sürümde oldu¤u
gibi aflama aflama de¤il, sürekli olarak de¤ifltirilebilmesine
imkan tan›yor ve müflterilerin en iyi sonuçlar› elde edebilme-
leri için tüm parametre kombinasyonlar›n›n kullanmas›n› sa¤-
l›yor.
tekstil teknoloji26
GÜNDEM NEWS
Back From ShanghaiITMA ASIA + CITME has proven once more that is the most important platform for AsianTextile Producers.
he second edition of ITMA ASIA +
CITME held in Shanghai, ended
on June 26, has been confirmed as
the most significant platform for the
Asian textile manufacturing commu-
nity, certifying the ongoing recovery
in the key worldwide textile markets.
In general, collecting impressions of
exhibitors and trade associations, pri-
marily Cematex and ACIMIT, the or-
ders received by many companies at
the exhibition confirms the sharp re-
covery with respect to previous levels
for 2009.
1200 exhibitors from 30 different co-
untries of origin were present at this
second edition, occupying a total are-
a of more than 100,000 square me-
ters in the new fairgrounds "Shanghai
New International Exhibition Centre”.
Visitors were approximately 100,000
from more than 94 countries during
the five days of ITMA ASIA. For ITMA
ASIA + CITME 2010, Savio wanted to
present itself with a booth characteri-
zed by the Chinese lantern element,
proposed as a huge item suspended
on the machines on display. These
lanterns, born from the inspiration to
pay tribute to the major world textile
market, have given a very positive fe-
edback especially for the scenic effect
and the large size, making them the
largest lanterns ever produced in simi-
lar events.
As for the interior area of the stand,
big prints on the walls tried to recrea-
te the spinning mills atmosphere with
machines installed by Savio, giving a
sense of depth and extension of spa-
ce. A stand created for an emotional
journey able to surprise and hit the vi-
sitors.
The turnout and the positive feedback
from customers and operators confer-
red a successful edition upon Savio.
Savio visitors were mostly Chinese,
but there has been an increase in the
percentage of foreign visitors, confir-
ming that not only China is a driving
force for the global textile markets. In
particular, have been registered Indi-
an, Taiwanese, Thai, Korean, Pakista-
ni, Bangladeshi operators and Asian
in general, with a discrete inflows al-
so from Turkey, the Middle East and
South America.
The increased participation of foreign
visitors to Shanghai can be mainly at-
tributed to a growing interest and cu-
riosity about Chinese manufacturers,
who now represent a reality always
more recognized, which cannot be ig-
nored.
The opening day of the fair, June 22,
was honoured by the prestigious visit
of the Chinese Minister of Textile In-
dustry, Du Wang Zhou, who was in-
troduced to the machines on display,
describing with particular emphasis
the characteristics of energy saving,
productivity and automation.
The turnout and the positive feedback
from customers and operators confer-
T
Many visitors attenaled the exhibition
tekstil teknoloji28
GÜNDEM NEWS
red a successful edition upon Savio.
Savio visitors were mostly Chinese,
but there has been an increase in the
percentage of foreign visitors, confir-
ming that not only China is a driving
force for the global textile markets. In
particular,
have been registered Indian, Taiwane-
se, Thai, Korean, Pakistani, Bangla-
deshi operators and Asian in general,
with a discrete inflows also from Tur-
key, the Middle East and South Ame-
rica.
The increased participation of foreign
visitors to Shanghai can be mainly at-
tributed to a growing interest and cu-
riosity about Chinese manufacturers,
who now represent a reality always
more recognized, which cannot be ig-
nored. The opening day of the fair,
June 22, was honoured by the presti-
gious visit of the Chinese Minister of
Textile Industry, Du Wang Zhou, who
was introduced to the machines on
display, describing with particular
emphasis the characteristics of energy
saving, productivity and automation.
Savio ORION Shandong
Customers and operators have shown
considerable interest in the Savio pro-
ducts. The company has displayed
two winders and the new two-for-
one twister, debuting for the first ti-
me at ITMA ASIA 2010.
The automatic winder SAVIO ORION
SHANDONG, manufactured in our
Chinese plant "Savio (Shandong) Tex-
tile Machinery", was designed specifi-
cally for the market of Far East in se-
arch of high quality yarn with high
productivity, low energy consumpti-
on, low maintenance and low invest-
ment costs.
We presented this machine with a
new headstock design and a new
clearing system with Leopfe Zenit X.
Polar/I-Direct Link System
Polar/I DLS, the automatic winder
"link type" is attracting increasing in-
terest also in the Chinese market.
Polar/I - DLS has introduced a new
concept in automatic link winding: er-
gonomics and user friendly sophisti-
cation.
The POLAR/I DLS has a direct feeding
of the ring frame bobbins and beca-
me an extension of the ring frame it-
self, ensuring total free flow of the
materials. These features have recei-
ved considerable interest from visi-
tors, as some important segments of
the Chinese market are increasingly
looking for this kind of machines, be-
cause of increasing difficulties in fin-
ding workers. The big development of
spinning machinery in China, has po-
pularized the use of linked winders.
Polar I/ DLS comes in a modular hief-
ficiency bobbin processing system,
ensuring the best utilization, and can
also be linked to European, Indian,
Chinese and Japanese manufactures
spinning frames.
SIRIUS Elcetronic Drive System
The new generation of twisters, SIRI-
US, was the real novelty of the fair,
debuting as world premiere at ITMA
ASIA 2010. The version displayed was
the electrical axes one, Electronic Dri-
ve System (EDS), which is characteri-
zed with respect to mechanical versi-
on for the complete flexibility of set-
tings adjustment. Sirius EDS model
has independent motors and inverters
that allow you to adjust all operating
parameters through the interface of a
PC. This innovation comes from elec-
tronic knowledge which Savio already
used in other sophisticated products.
The main impact of this innovation is
to decrease strongly the machine set-
up time, thus reducing the number of
operators for each machine, while in-
troducing a simple and direct way to
change any setting. Moreover, the
new system allows to change settings
continuously and not “step by step”,
as in the mechanical version, allowing
customers to try any parameters com-
bination, in order to obtain the best
results. The partnership with custo-
mers and markets is an essential ad-
ded value for the development of
technology in Savio products. Tech-
nological growth is achieved only if
the customer needs are fully explored
and evaluated.ITMA ASIA + CITME
2010 was an important moment whe-
re feedback could help us to further
implement our products, thus repre-
senting an appointment that Savio
could not miss.
This innovation comes from electronic knowledge which Savio already used in other sophisticated products. The main impactof this innovation is to decrease strongly the machine set-up time
tekstil teknoloji29
DOKUMA ÖRME WEAVING KNITTING
Bir dü¤ümle Hayatlar› De¤ifltiKahramanmarafl'›n Pazarc›k ilçesine ba¤l› Sal›r Köyü'nde aç›lan hal› kursunda dokunan"Anadolu Motifli" el hal›lar›n›n tamam› ABD'ye ihraç ediliyor.
ahramanmarafl'›n Pazarc›k ilçesine
ba¤l› Sal›r köyünde hal›c›l›k kursu-
na devam eden genç k›zlar›n yapt›¤›
Anadolu motifli el hal›lar› ABD'ye ih-
raç ediliyor. Att›klar› dü¤ümlerle ha-
yat› de¤iflen genç k›zlar kimi çeyizini
yapt›, kimi kardeflini okuttu kimi ise
evlerini yeniledi.
Pazarc›k Halk E¤itim Merkezi Müdür-
lü¤ü taraf›ndan Sal›r köyünde 2004
y›l›nda aç›lan hal›c›k kursu genç k›zla-
r›n kaderini de¤ifltirdi. Kendilerine su-
nulan f›rsat› de¤erlendirerek meslek
sahibi olan genç k›zlar flimdi el hal›s›
dokuyarak ailelerine yard›mda bulu-
nuyor.
7 y›ldan bu yana kurs ö¤retmenli¤i ya-
pan Aysen Uzuntok, kursun baflar›l›
bir flekilde devam etti¤ini belirterek,
"fiu anda 18 gencimiz burada hem
meslek ö¤reniyor hem de çal›flarak ai-
lelerine destek oluyor. Çal›flma flartla-
r›m›z güzel ve kursiyerlerimiz çok
azimli. Ben de böylesi bir ortamda ö¤-
retmenlik yapt›¤›m için çok mutlu-
yum" dedi.
Hiç bofl vakitleri olmuyor
Dokunan el hal›lar›n›n yüzde 90'n›n›n
yurt d›fl›na gönderildi¤ini anlatan
Uzuntok, flöyle konufltu:
"Kurs aç›l›rken Halk E¤itim Müdürlü-
¤ü özel bir flirketle protokol imzalan-
m›flt›. Bu protokol çerçevesinde bura-
da dokunan el hal›lar› bu flirkete tes-
lim ediliyor. Böylece genç k›zlar›m›z
hem para kazan›yor hem de Sal›r'da
yap›lan bu hal›lar›m›z ABD'ye ihraç
edilmifl oluyor. Bir kifli ayda 4 ila 5 ara-
s›nda hal› yapabiliyor.
Kendisi de ortalama 500-600 TL para
kazan›yor. Hiç bofl vaktimiz olmuyor.
Sipariflleri de özel flirket veriyor. Hem
motiflerini bize bildiriyor hem malze-
meleri kendisi getiriyor. Ayr›ca el hal›-
lar›m›z›n malzemeleri kök boyadan
yap›l›yor ve rengi hiç solmuyor. Oriji-
nal motifler kullan›yoruz ve yurt d›fl›n-
K
Pazarc›k Halk E¤itim Merkezi Müdürü fierif Ak›nc›
tekstil teknoloji30
DOKUMA ÖRME WEAVING KNITTING
dan büyük talep geliyor''
Her dü¤üm yeni bir hayat
Genç k›zlar›n dü¤üm bafl›na para ald›-
¤›n› belirten Uzuntok, atölyede 13
adet tezgah bulundu¤unu ve y›l›n 12
ay› kursun devam etti¤ini belirtti.
Meslek sahibi olan genç k›zlar›n bü-
yük bir hevesle çal›flt›¤›n› ifade eden
Uzuntok, "Para kazand›klar›n›n fark›-
na vard›lar. Köyde ailelerin büyük bö-
lümü çiftçilik yaparak geçimini sa¤l›-
yor. Genç k›zlar ise bugüne kadar ev-
de oturuyorlard›. fiimdi ise babalar›na
maddi olarak ta destek oluyorlar. O
yüzden aileler gönül rahatl›¤› ile k›zla-
r›n› kursa gönderiyorlar. Öyle ki za-
man zaman yerimiz olmad›¤› için kur-
sa alamad›¤›m›z kifliler oluyor. Onlar
da bir y›l beklemek zorunda kal›yor.
‹nflallah gücümüz yetti¤ince atölyemi-
zi ayakta tutmaya çal›flaca¤›z. E¤er
tezgah say›s› art›r›l›rsa çok say›da kifli
burada el hal›s› okuyabilir" diye ko-
nufltu.
Pazarc›k Halk E¤itim Merkezi Müdürü
fierif Ak›nc› ise uzun zamand›r devam
eden kursun herkesin dikkatini çekti-
¤ini ve di¤er bölgelerde de bu tip
kurslar› açmay› planlad›klar›n› ifade
etti.
Çeyizler düzüldü evler al›nd›
Üç y›ldan bu yana hal› kursuna devam
eden Fatma, Meryem ve Zeynep
Uzuntok kardefller kazand›klar› para-
larla evlerini yeniledi.
Birbirlerine destek olarak para kazan-
man›n keyfini yaflad›klar›n› dile geti-
ren Fatma Uzuntok, "Kardefllerimle
beraber ayda ortalama 1500 TL para
kazan›yoruz. Hayat›m›zdan çok mem-
nunuz. Daha önce oturdu¤umuz ev
toprakt› flimdi yeni betonerme bir ev
yapt›rd›k. Evimizin eflyalar›n› yeniledik.
Hatta LCD ekran televizyon ald›k. Ay-
r›ca kardefllerimizle beraber çeyimizi
tamamlad›k. Böyle bir f›rsat verildi¤i
için herkese teflekkür ediyoruz" flek-
linde konufltu.
Annesi ile birlikte hal› kursuna gelen
Fatma Uzuntok ise Gaziantep'te e¤i-
timlerine devam eden 3 kardeflinin
okuttu¤unu söyledi. Kendisinin ilko-
kuldan sonra e¤itimine devam ede-
medi¤ini vurgulayan Fatma Uzuntok,
"Okuyamad›¤›m için büyük bir eziklik
yafl›yordum. Ama flimdi kardefllerimin
okumas›na yard›mc› oluyorum. Aile-
min maddi durumu iyi de¤ildi. An-
nemle beraber çal›flarak kardefllerimin
masraflar›n› karfl›l›yoruz. Bu da benim
için büyük mutluluk" dedi.
tekstil teknoloji32
DOKUMA ÖRME WEAVING KNITTING
Their Whole Life Changed With one KnotA carpeting course was opened in Sal›r, the village of Pazarc›k district, Kahramanmaras. Now, all thehand-made carpets manufactured at the course with Anatolian designs are exported to the USA.
and-made carpets with Anatolian
designs manufactured by teenage
girls attending the carpeting course in
the village of Sal›r, are exported to
the USA. The girls, whose destiny
changed by a knot, did a lot of great
things with the money they earned.
The carpeting course opened up in
2004 in the village of Sal›r by Pazarc›k
Directorate of Public Education Cen-
ter changed the destiny of girls living
the village. By taking advantage of
the opportunity they were offered,
the girls can now support their famili-
es with the hand-made carpets they
produce.
Aysen Uzuntok, who has been the te-
acher of the course for 7 years says
that the course still continues with
success and adds; “our 18 students
acquire an occupation and support
their families by working here. The
working conditions are fine and our
trainees are quite tenacious. I am re-
ally happy to be a teacher of such a
lovely class.”
They do not have any free time
Uzuntok mentioned that 90% of the
carpets are exported and said: “While
the course was being opened, the Di-
rectorate of Public Education Center
signed a protocol with a private com-
pany. Within the context of this pro-
tocol, the carpets woven in the cour-
se are delivered to the company.
Thus, the village girls earn money and
carpets woven in Salir are exported to
the USA. A person can produce 4-5
carpets a month and earn 500-600TL.
We do not have any free time left.
The orders are given by the private
H
DOKUMA ÖRME WEAVING KNITTING
company. They let us know about the
designs of carpets to be produced
and send us the materials to be used.
Also, the content of our hand-made
carpets are made of madder and the
colors never fade. We use original de-
signs. There is a huge demand from
foreign countries to our carpets.”
A knot, a new life
Young girls earn money per the knot
and there are 13 looms in the atelier.
Uzuntok added that the course conti-
nues for 12 months of the year.
She also mentioned that the girls are
ambitious and working hard; “they
realize that they can earn money.
Most of the families in the v illage
make a living from farming. Young
girls were at home doing the house-
work until today. Now, they can fi-
nancially support their families. Thus,
the families send their girls to courses
with a peace of mind. There are too
many girls who want to attend to the
course, and due to lack of looms we
cannot accept everyone who wishes
to come. That is why they wait for the
next year to attend. I hope we will ke-
ep the work going. If the number of
looms is increased, many more girls
can study carpeting in here.”
The president of Pazarc›k Public Edu-
cation Center fierif Ak›nc› said that
the ongoing course had taken the at-
tention of everyone and that the ne-
ighboring districts planned to open
up similar courses, as well.
Furnitures bought, homes purcha-
sed
Fatma, Meryem and Zeynep Uzuntok-
lar sisters has being attending the co-
urse for 3 years and they have rene-
wed their homes since then. Fatma
Uzuntok, who is happy to support her
family with her sisters said; “we earn
an average of 1,500TL a month with
my sisters. We are quite contented.
We used to live in a earth-sheltered
home, now we reinforced it with con-
crete. We renewed the furniture in
our homes. We even got an LCD TV.
We bought everything we need for
our dowry. We thank everyone for of-
fering us such an opportunity.”
Fatma Uzuntok, who attends the co-
urse with her mother, said that she
helped her sisters studying at school
in Gaziantep. She pointed that she
could not continue studying after pri-
mary school due to financial problems
and said; “I feel terrible about not be-
ing able to study. Now I am suppor-
ting my sisters. My family did not ha-
ve the financial means to support me.
I and my mother work together to co-
ver the expenses of my sisters. This is
a real bliss for me.”
tekstil teknoloji34
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Suni Çimen Monofilamentleri Dünya Kupas› Sahalar›n› Güçlendiriyor11 Haziran’da Güney Afrika’daki FIFA Dünya Kupas›’n›n bafllama düdü¤ünün çal›nd›¤› sahalarda, suni çimen monofil-amentleri dünyan›n en büyük ve önemli turnuvas›n›n oyun alanlar›nda kullan›l›yor ve sahada stabilite sa¤l›yor
008 y›l›nda gerçeklefltirilen son
Avrupa futbol flampiyonas› s›-
ras›nda futbol organizasyonu UE-
FA, Berne ve Saltzburg stadyumla-
r›ndaki suni çimeni, do¤al çimenle
kaplayarak tüm tak›mlar›n ayn›
koflullarda oynamas›n› sa¤lad›. ‹ki
y›l sonra, suni çimen giderek daha
fazla kabul görmeye bafllad›. Özel-
likle Afrika k›tas›ndaki futbola me-
rakl› ülkelerdeki sahalarda suni çi-
men mant›kl› bir alternatif olmaya
bafllad›. Futbol stadyumlar›n›n iç-
me suyuyla sulanmas› ve su kay-
naklar›n›n azl›¤›, ekoloji düflünül-
dü¤ünde pek de akla uygun de¤il-
di.
Sonuçta Nelspruit ve Polokwa-
ne’deki stadyumlar, Belçikal› suni
çimen üreticisi Desso Sport
Systems taraf›ndan üretilen Gras-
master® sistemiyle donat›ld›. Des-
so dünya çap›ndaki ilk suni çimen
üreticisi ve Belçikal› flirket,1990’l›
y›llardan beri Oerlikon Barmag ta-
raf›ndan üretilen monofilament
ekipmanlar›n› kullanarak suni çi-
men üretiyor.
Sonuçta, Yunanistan ve Arjantin,
Fransa ve Meksika aras›nda oyna-
nan maçlar da dahil olmak üzere
sekiz Dünya Kupas› maç› suni çi-
mende oynand›. Çimenler Arsenal
Londra ve FC Liverpool sahalar› da
dahil birçok stadyumda test edildi.
Dünya Kupas›’nda kullan›lan suni
çimen giderek daha fazla ilgi top-
luyor, ancak genç yetenek Alman-
ya y›llard›r suni çimen üzerinde
antrenman yap›yor. Alman futbol
derne¤i taraf›ndan desteklenen
bir projeyle Almanya’da yap›lan
1000 mini saha gençlerin ve ço-
cuklar›n favorisi olmaya devam
ediyor.
Alman flirket Polytan, 13x20m sa-
halar›, çevre uzunlu¤unu reklam
amac›yla “Liga-Grass” ile kaplad›.
En yeni Oerlikon Barmag monofi-
lament sistemleri kullan›larak üre-
tilen yeflil lifler spor fizyolojisinin
gereksinimlerini karfl›l›yor ve do¤al
çimenin aksine 24 saat boyunca
üzerinde futbol oynan›labiliyor.
Üstelik suni çim bak›m ve su ge-
rektirmiyor.
Polytan LigaGrass’›n üst yüzeyi
200’um kal›nl›¤›ndaki tekstüre
monofilamentlerden olufluyor.
Özel PE formülü yumuflak bir sür-
tünme kuvveti sa¤l›yor. Özel bir
profille üretilen bu monofilament-
ler sa¤laml›k ve afl›n›m korumas›
konular›nda en zorlu gereksinim-
leri karfl›l›yor. ‹çi doldurulmufl las-
tik granüller oyunculara iyi bir sür-
tünme kuvveti sa¤laman›n yan› s›-
ra gerçekçi top hareketi sunuyor.
Spor alan›ndaki uygulamalar ve
çevre düzenleme piyasalar› için
gelifltirilen bu granüller giderek
tekstüre monofilamentlerle ve
bantlarla de¤ifltiriliyor. Bu ürünler
ise Oerlikon Barmag sistemleri
kullan›larak do¤al olarak üretili-
yor.
Bu hibrid teknoloji, yerin 20 cm al-
t›nda gömülmüfl 20 milyon suni
çimen elyaf› kullanarak do¤al çi-
meni güçlendiriyor. Çim kökleri
monofilamentlerle birlikte büyü-
yor, tutma ve kayma gibi manev-
ralar›n istikrar›n› sa¤l›yor. Sahada-
ki suni çimen miktar› %7 gibi yük-
sek bir oranda olmas›na ra¤men
oyuncular do¤al çimende oynu-
yormufl gibi rahat hissediyorlar.
2
Bu hibrid teknoloji, yerin 20 cm alt›nda gömülmüfl 20 milyon
suni çimen elyaf› kullanarak do¤al çimeni güçlendiriyor.
tekstil teknoloji36
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Artificial Turf Monofilaments Strengthen World Cup PitchesRemscheid / Chemnitz, September 20th, 2010 –When the whistle sounded to start the FIFA World Cup in South Africa on 11 June, artificial turfmonofilaments is used to provide additional stability on some of the playing fields of the largest and most important tournament in the world.
uring the last European football
championship held in 2008, the
football organization UEFA had the
artificial turf in the stadiums in Berne
and Salzburg covered over with natu-
ral turf to ensure that all of the teams
would be playing under the same
conditions. Two years later, the level
of acceptance for artificial turf has ri-
sen further.
Particularly for the countries so ent-
husiastic about football on the Afri-
can continent, fields with artificial
turf are a sensible alternative. Wate-
ring football stadiums’ fields with
drinking water that is frequently in
scarce supply does not seem to make
much sense from an ecological view
point.
Consequently, the South African sta-
diums in Nelspruit and Polokwane are
fitted with the Grasmaster® system
produced by Desso Sport Systems, the
artificial turf producer from Belgium.
Desso is one of the first producers of
artificial turf worldwide; since the
1990s, the Belgian company has been
manufacturing artificial turf using
monofilament equipment by Oerlikon
Barmag.
In all, eight of the World Cup matches
were played on artificial turf, inclu-
ding the matches between Greece
and Argentina, and France and Mexi-
co. The turf was tested on pitches in
stadiums including the home pitches
of Arsenal London and FC Liverpool.
Use of artificial turf at the World Cup
is garnering a great deal of attention,
yet young football talent in Germany
has already been training on artificial
turf for years. In a project sponsored
by the German football association,
1000 mini-pitches built throughout
Germany quickly became a favourite
gathering place for children and te-
ens.
A German company, Polytan, the 13 x
20 m pitches were fitted with ‘Liga-
Grass’ along with goals and perimeter
advertising systems. Produced using
the very latest Oerlikon Barmag mo-
nofilament systems, the green fibers
fulfil all of the requirements for the
physiology of sports and – unlike na-
tural turf – can support football play
24 hours a day; they also need little
care and no water.
Structure of Artificial Turf on the
Mini-Pitch
At its upper surface, Polytan LigaG-
rass consists of textured monofila-
ments with a fiber thickness of 200
Ìm. The special PE formula provides
soft traction.
Designed with a special profile, these
monofilaments fulfil the highest requ-
irements in terms of durability and
abrasion protection. The filled-in rub-
ber granules provide the players good
traction while offering realistic ball
behaviour.
Still required for applications in the
sports area, in the landscaping market
segment these granules are increa-
singly being replaced by textured mo-
nofilaments or tapes – both naturally
also produced using Oerlikon Barmag
systems.
This hybrid technology strengthens
natural turf with 20 million artificial
turf fibers implanted 20cm deep in
the ground.
The grass roots grow together with
the monofilaments and provide im-
proved stability for tackling and sli-
ding manoeuvres.
Despite the enormous effect of the
7% artificial turf fibers, players have
the feeling they are playing on natu-
ral turf.
D
tekstil teknoloji37
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
T›pta Panagenesi DevrimiBiyomedikal sektörü için yepyeni bir bulufl: Panagenesi… Panagenesi ile fibrin yap›lar› kul-lan›larak pankreas ada hücrelerinin nakli sorunsuz hale geliyor.
edikal sektörde tekstillerin kulla-
n›m alan› y›llar geçtikçe giderek
art›yor. Bu alan, ekonomik avantajlar›
nedeniyle teknolojilerin önemli bir uy-
gulama alan› olma özelli¤i tafl›yor. Bu
alanda yap›lan araflt›rmalar ise olduk-
ça fazla…
Medikal/hastane sektörünün ihtiyaçla-
r›n› karfl›lamak üzere tasarlanan say›-
s›z tekstil tasar›m fikirleri bulunuyor.
Bu konuda en ilginç projelerden biri
de fibrin yap›s› kullanarak pankreas
ada hücrelerinin naklini kolaylaflt›ran
“PANAGENESI” adl› bir proje. Lom-
bardiya Bölgesi bu projeye mali des-
tekte bulunuyor ve proje önemli bilgi
ve sektör tecrübesine sahip befl ayr›
flirket taraf›ndan hayata geçiriliyor.
Bu araflt›rma ortaklar› aras›nda tekstil
sektöründe bulunan üç ‹talyan üretici
yer al›yor. Bunlar; ‹pek iplik bükme flir-
keti olan TORCITURA DI MENAGGIO,
3D kumafllar›n üretimi konusunda uz-
man flirket GAETANO ROSSINI HOL-
DING ve Cilavegna (PV) merkezli, dar
kumafl teknolojileri ve makineleri üre-
ten küresel alanda öncü flirket CO-
MEZ...
‹lk baflar› 2005’te elde edildi
Bu üreticiler, tekstil sektöründe uz-
manlaflan ‹talya’n›n en ünlü araflt›rma
merkezi olan STAZIONE SPERIMENTA-
LE PER LA SETA (Deneysel ‹pek Merke-
zi) ve insan dokular›n›n yenilenmesine
odaklanan histoterapi alan›nda ‹tal-
ya’n›n en önemli medikal araflt›rma
merkezi NiguardaCa’ Granda hasta-
nesi ile iflbirli¤i içinde çal›fl›yor. Bu
projeye dünya çap›nda tan›nan ve ‹tal-
yan araflt›rmac› Dr. CamilloRicordi’nin
öncülü¤ünde diyabet hastalar› için te-
davi yöntemleri üzerine deneyler ger-
çeklefltiren Florida’daki Miami Üniver-
sitesi’ne ba¤l› Diyabet Araflt›rma Mer-
kezi de kat›l›yor. Verilen bilgiye göre,
bir donörden al›nan kemik ili¤inin di-
yabetli bir hastaya yerlefltirilmesiyle,
pankreas kök hücreleri ilk kez 2005
y›l›nda baflar›l› bir flekilde nakledilmifl
oldu. Bu ifllem Miami Üniversitesi Hüc-
re Nakil Bölümü Baflkan› CamilloRicor-
di taraf›ndan Florida’da gerçeklefltiril-
di. Pankreas ada hücreleri günümüzde
bir tür diyabet hastal›¤› için olas› bir
tedavi yöntemi olarak görülüyor. Bu
nedenle bilimsel çevreler gelecekte
gerçekleflecek klinik geliflmeler aç›s›n-
dan bu yönteme büyük ilgi gösteriyor.
M
tekstil teknoloji38
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Ada hücrelerinin nakli olay›
Pankreas ada hücrelerinin nakliyle ilgi-
li birçok avantaj bulunuyor. Ancak yi-
ne de nakledilen hücrelerin tutunma-
s›/köklenmesi konusunda hala çözül-
mesi gereken sorunlar var. Günümüz-
de hücrelerin tutunmas› sürecinin iyi-
lefltirilmesi önemli bir araflt›rma alan›
olarak görülüyor. Bu zamana kadar
bu sorun için önerilen stratejiler nakil
bölgesinde iltihaplanmay› azaltan mo-
leküllerin kullan›lmas›n› içeriyor.
Çevreye uyumlulu¤u, yavafl parçalan-
mas› ve önemli mekanik özellikleri sa-
yesinde ipekten elde edilen bir prote-
in olan fibrin, doku mühendisleri tara-
f›ndan biyomedikal uygulamalarda
kullan›lmak üzere araflt›r›l›yor. Günü-
müzde fibrin birçok biçimde flekillen-
dirilebiliyor (film, elyaf, a¤, dokuma,
membran, iplik ve sünger) ve canl› do-
kular›n onar›lma sürecini destekledi-
¤inden, fibrinin çeflitli hücre türlerinin
tutunma kapasitesini artt›rd›¤› gözle-
niyor. Dahas› moleküler ve yüzeysel
özellikleri bu proteini çevreye uyumlu
hale getiriyor ve nakil ifllemi s›ras›nda
iltihaplanma riskini azalt›yor.
Panagenesi’nin getirdi¤i avantaj-
lar
PANAGENESI projesinin amac›, fibrin
içerikli dairesel yap›lar› kullanarak ada
hücrelerinin nakil alan›nda köklenme-
sini sa¤lamak ve böylece naklin bafla-
r›l› olmas› için gerekli olan pankreas
ada hücrelerinin say›s›n› azaltarak ifl-
levlerini artt›rmak. Bu yap›lar küçük
çapl› tüplü tekstil materyalleri olma
özelli¤i tafl›yor. Ayn› zamanda yumru-
lu yap›lardan olufluyor (t›kanm›fl böl-
geler ve genifl/aç›k bölgeler arka arka-
ya geliyor). Çapraz kesitler ve üç bo-
yutlu iç yap›lar (iç çaprazlama) fibrin
iplik kullan›larak üretiliyor.
‹flte bu tüplü tekstili üretmek amac›yla
‹talyan firmas› COMEZ yenilikçi ve
elektronik, çift i¤ne yatakl› çözgü ör-
me makinesi tasarlad›¤› bildiriliyor. Bu
makinenin 800 mm çal›flma eni,
20n.p.i i¤ aral›¤› ve ba¤›ms›z olarak
kontrol edilebilen desenler yaratmak
için 8 örgü çubu¤u bulunuyor.
Terbiyeli ürünlerin sökümünde ve iplik
besleyicilerde oldu¤u gibi örgü çubuk-
lar› mükemmel ve dinamik perfor-
mans sunan ve konumland›rmay› has-
sas bir flekilde gerçeklefltiren çok yön-
lü elektronik kumandalarla kontrol
ediliyor. Bu makine çözgü örme tek-
nolojisine yeni uygulama alanlar› ka-
zand›r›yor:
Yeni makinenin özellikleri
- En geliflmifl mekanik ve elektronik
teknolojilerin uygulanmas›.
- Çok yüksek hassasiyet oran›yla çal›fl-
mas›.
- Çok çeflitli türde, yap›da ve birleflim-
de iplikleri iflleyebilmesi.
- Ak›ll› tasar›m, esnek iflletim ve çoklu
tekstil yap›lar›n›n yarat›lmas› konusun-
da çok yönlü olmas›.
Bu makine özellikle medikal/hastane
alanlar›nda, teknik ve endüstriyel sek-
törlerde kullan›lan karmafl›k materyal-
lerin üretimini gerçeklefltirmeye uy-
gun bulunuyor. Çift i¤ne yatakl› bu
makine, iki d›fl kumafl›n bir araya gele-
rek kumaflta iki yüz oluflturmas›yla ve
bir iç yap›n›n eklenmesiyle elde edilen
aral›kl› (3D) kumafllar üretebiliyor. ‹ki
i¤ne yata¤›n›n birbirinden uzaklaflt›ra-
bilmesi olas›l›¤›, iki d›fl kumafl aras›n-
daki bofllu¤un artt›r›l›p azalt›labilmesi-
ni sa¤l›yor.
Çok ince iplikler ifllenebiliyor
Dairesel bölgenin de¤iflkenli¤iyle, 3D
tüplü materyal, kumafl yap›s›n› olufltu-
ran a¤ örgüsü hareketinin modifiye
edilmesiyle elde ediliyor, iplik besle-
mesi ve her santimetreye düflen dikifl
say›s› de¤ifltirilebiliyor. ‹pliklerin pozi-
tif beslenmesiyle, fibrin gibi mekanik
eylemlere dayan›kl›l›¤› az olan çok in-
ce iplikler ifllenebiliyor. Lombardiya’da
tekstil ve t›p alanlar›ndaki mükemmel
bilgi ve beceriler bir araya gelerek
tekstil endüstrisi için yeni çözümler
yarat›yor. Bunun en iyi örne¤i ise saf
fibrin ve ipek kumafllar›n biyomedikal
uygulamalarda ve giysi kalitesinde
kullan›lmas› olarak kendini ortaya ko-
yuyor.
tekstil teknoloji39
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Panagenesi Revolution in MedicinePanagenesi, aims to optimize the implanting of human pancreatic islands through the use
of fibrin scaffold.
he use of textiles in the medical
sector has been expanding conti-
nuously for a number of years now, a
high technology field of application
whose economic viability is undispu-
ted. Research in this area is currently
extremely active, with countless ideas
for innovative textiles designed to res-
pond to the needs of the medical/hos-
pital sector.
One interesting project in course,
dubbed "Panagenesi," aims to opti-
mize the implanting of human pan-
creatic islands through the use of fib-
rin scaffold. This project is financed
by the Region of Lombardy and is be-
ing developed by five different entiti-
es bringing together their respective
know-how and multi-sector expertise.
Among the research partners are
three Italian manufacturers operating
in the textile sector: Torcitura Di Me-
naggio- a silk yarn twisting company;
Gaetano Rossini Holding- specializing
in the production of 3D fabrics; and
Comez, based in Cilavegna (PV), a
global leader in the manufacturing of
narrow fabric technology machinery.
These manufacturers are partnering
their efforts with the Stazione Speri-
mentale per la Seta (Expermental Silk
Centre), one of Italy’s most renowned
research centres specializing in the
textile sector, and Milan’s Niguarda
Ca’ Granda hospital, which is Italy’s
most important medical research cen-
tre in the field of histotherapy, focu-
sing on in vitro regeneration of hu-
man tissue.
Also involved in this project are the
Diabetes Research Center of the Uni-
versity of Miami in Florida, a world re-
nowned centre researching and expe-
rimenting with treatments for diabe-
tes patients, headed by an Italian re-
searcher, Dr. Camillo Ricordi.
The first successful transplant of pan-
creatic stem cells occurred in Septem-
ber 2005, from the bone marrow of a
deceased donor to a woman with di-
abetes. The procedure was performed
in Florida by Camillo Ricordi, head of
the cell transplant division at the Uni-
versity of Miami. The transplanting of
pancreatic islands currently represents
one of the possible treatments for cu-
ring a type of diabetes, and is genera-
ting interest in the scientific commu-
nity for the clinical successes obtained
thus far and concrete prospects for
future improvements.
There are numerous advantages asso-
ciated with the transplanting of is-
lands with respect to that of the pan-
creas altogether, however a variety of
issues must still be resolved, one of
which is related to the difficulty of
transplanted islands in taking root.
Improving the process through which
T
The first successful transplant of pancreatic stem cells
occurred in September 2005, from the bone marrow of a
deceased donor to a woman with diabetes.
tekstil teknoloji42
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
islands take root today represents an
important research sector, and the
strategies being proposed include the
use of molecules which reduce inf-
lammation in the implant area. Fibrin,
a protein extracted from silk, has be-
en studied extensively by tissular engi-
neering for biomedical applications
due to its biocompatibility, slow deg-
radability and considerable mechani-
cal properties. Today, fibrin can be
modelled into a variety of forms (film,
fibre, netting, weaves, membranes,
yarns and sponges), and has demons-
trated significant support and adhesi-
on capacities for various types of
cells, promoting the repairing of live
tissue. Furthermore, its molecular and
surface characteristics make it highly
biocompatible, and its implanting
causes a reduced incidence of inflam-
mation.
The goal of the PANAGENESI project
is to optimize the rooting of islands in
the transplant site through the use of
fibrin variable circular section scaf-
folds, consequently reducing the
number of pancreatic islands neces-
sary for the transplant’s full success
and prolongation of their function
over time.
The scaffold is essentially a tubular
textile article with a small diameter,
comprising a sequence of lobated
structures (choked sections alterna-
ting with broader sections), with a va-
riable cross-section and three-dimen-
sional type internal structure (internal
criss-crossing), produced using fibrin
yarns. For the manufacturing of this
tubular textile, Comez has designed
an innovative electronic double need-
le bed warp knitting machine, with a
working width of 800 mm, in gauge
20 n.p.i. and with 8 knitting bars, for
independently controlled pattern ma-
king. The knitting bars, as for the fi-
nished product take-down and yarn
feeders, are controlled by versatile
electronic actuators which provide ex-
cellent dynamic performance and po-
sitioning accuracy. This machine
opens up new fields of application for
warp knitting technology:
* applying the most advanced mecha-
nical and electronic technologies
* capable of operating at a very high
accuracy rate
* can process yarns of various types,
structure and composition
* sophisticated construction design,
yet flexible in its operation and versa-
tile in the multiple textile structures it
can create. This machine is especially
suited for the production of complex
articles that can find applications in a
variety of medical/hospital fields, and
technical and industrial sectors in ge-
neral. The double needle bed machi-
ne can create spaced (3D) fabrics
comprising two external fabrics for-
ming the two faces of the fabric itself,
combined by an internal structure.
The possibility of distancing the two
needle beds allows for the gap bet-
ween the two external fabrics to be
increased or decreased. The variability
of the circular section 3D tubular ar-
ticle is obtained by modifying the in-
terlacing movement which constitutes
the fabric’s structure, varying the fee-
ding of the yarns and number of stitc-
hes per centimetre. The positive fee-
ding of the threads allows for the pro-
cessing of very fine yarns with very
little resistance to mechanical action,
such as fibrin. Two points of excellen-
ce in Lombardy, the respective
“know-how” in the fields of textiles
and medicine, are combined to create
new solutions for the textile industry,
specifically, fabrics in pure fibrin and
silk for both biomedical applications
and quality garments.
Furthermore, its molecular and surface characteristics make
it highly biocompatible, and its implanting causes a
reduced incidence of inflammation.
tekstil teknoloji44
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Yüksek Performansl› Tekstiller için Nanoteknoloji Uygulamalar›Meltem Yan›lmaz
Özet
Tekstil endüstrisi de di¤er endüstriler
gibi nanoteknolojiden etkilenmifltir.
Tekstil sektöründe büyük oranda karl›
nanoteknoloji uygulamalar› vard›r.
Birçok nanoteknoloji uygulamas› ile
tekstil üretiminde makinalarda ve ifl-
lemlerde performans iyileflmesi sa¤la-
n›r. Tekstil sektörü Dünya da en bü-
yük müflteri taban›na sahip sektördür.
Araflt›rmalar kumafllar›n kir, k›r›fl›kl›k,
çekme dirençleri özelliklerini iyilefltir-
meye, s›cakl›k kontrollu k›yafet ve ko-
kusuz iç çamafl›r› gelifltirmeye odak-
lanm›flt›r. Biomedikal ve askeri uygula-
malar için güçlü lif ve kumafllar gelifl-
tirilmesinde büyük ilerlemeler sa¤lan-
m›flt›r.
Girifl
Tekstil endüstrisi de di¤er endüstriler
gibi nanoteknolojiden etkilenmifltir.
Performans iyilefltirmeye yada yeni
fonksiyonel tekstil malzemeleri yarat-
maya yönelik nanoteknoloji araflt›rma-
lar› devam etmektedir [1,2]. Nanotek-
noloji, tekstil kimyasallar› endüstrisi,
leke tutmaz, alev almaz giysiler, k›r›fl-
maya dayan›kl› bitim ifllemleri, nem
yönetimli, anti-mikrobik, UV koruyu-
cu, kir itici vb. kumafllar›n üretiminde
çok çeflitli uygulamalara sahiptir[3,4].
Muazzam teknolojik, ekonomik ve
ekolojik yararlar› ile nanoteknoloji ile
gelifltirilen malzemelerin önümüzdeki
on y›lda trilton dolarl›k endüstri olufl-
turmas› beklenmektedir [5].
Nanoteknolojinin tekstil uygulamala-
r›ndaki geliflimi iki koldan devam et-
mektedir(fiekil 1): tekstil malzemesi-
nin mevcut fonksiyonelli¤inin ve per-
formans›n›n iyilefltirilmesi ve yeni
fonksiyonlara sahip ak›ll› tekstillerin
gelifltirilmesi. Bu yeni fonksiyonlar gi-
yilebilir günefl pilleri ve enerji depola-
r›, sensorler, bilgi edinme ve transferi,
çok yönlü ve karmafl›k bulma ve ko-
ruma, sa¤l›k hizmeti, yara iyilefltirme
fonksitonu, kendi kendini temizleme
ve tamir etme fonksiyonlar›d›r [6].
Ulusal bilim ve teknoloji komitesi na-
noboyutta bilim, mühendislik ve tek-
noloji alt kurulu (The national Science
and Technology Council’s Subcom-
mittee on Nanoscale Science, Engi-
neering and Technology , NNCO) na-
noteknolojiyi flöyle tan›mlar: “ Nano-
teknoloji 1-100nm aras›ndaki boyut-
larda maddeyi anlama ve kontrol et-
medir, bu ola¤anüstülük yeni uygula-
malara olanak sa¤lar. Nanometre
metrenin milyarda biridir. Bir yaprak
ka¤›t yaklafl›k 100 000 nm kal›nl›¤›n-
dad›r. Nano ölçekte bilim mühendislik
ve teknolojiyi kapsayan nanoteknoloji
bu boyutta malzemeyi görüntüleme,
ölçme, modelleme ve de¤ifltirmeyi içe-
rir. Bu boyutta malzemelerin fiziksel,
kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri, tek
bafl›na atomlar›n, moleküller›n yada
büyük boyuttaki malzemelerin özelli-
¤inden farkl›d›r. NanoteknolojiArGe
çal›flmalar› bu üstün ve yeni özellikleri
kullanarak geliflmifl malzeme, cihaz ve
sistem yaratmaya yöneliktir.”[7].
Nanomalzemeler ilgili malzemenin ge-
leneksel boyutundaki özelliklerinden
farkl› üstün ve yeni özellikler gösterir-
ler. Bu elektronlar›n quantum meka-
nik özellikleri ve maddenin içerisinde-
ki atomik etkileflimler nanometre öl-
çe¤indeki malzeme çeflitlili¤inde etki-
lidir.
fiekil 1. Tekstilde nanoteknoloji geliflmeleri[5]
Tekstilde
Nanoteknoloji
Nanolifler ve ‹plikler Geliflmifl bitim ‹fllemleri
* Tek ve çok duvarl› nanoliflerin geliflimi, karbon
nanotüp kompozit lifler
* Elektrospinning yöntemi ile nanolif üretimi
* Mekanik, kimyasal ve fonksiyonel özellikleri
iyilefltirilmifl nanolifler
* Nanoteknoloji ile yüzey özellikleri ve ifllevselli¤i
iyilefltirilmifl kumafllar
* Birçok kimyasal bitim ifllemleri ve kaplamalar
tekstil teknoloji45
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Polimer sistemlerine katk› malzemesi
olarak inorganic nanoparçac›klar›n
kat›l›m›; geleneksel katk›l› malzemele-
rin sahip olmad›¤› çok ifllevsellikli,
yüksek performansl› polimer nano-
kompozitlerini oluflturur. Düflük oran-
da karbon nanotüp katk›l› (~1%) kar-
bon nanotüp-nylon kompozitleri yük-
sek karbon siyah› katk›l› (~30%) kar-
bon siyah›-nylon kompozitlerinden
daha iyi mekanik özellik gösterirler.
Çok fonksiyonel polimer nanokompo-
zitleri ›s›l direnç, alev direnci, nem di-
renci, geçirgenlik,yük da¤›l›m›, kimya-
sal direnç ve di¤er malzeme özellikle-
rini iyilefltirir(fiekil 2).Teknik yaklafl›m
nanoparçac›klar›n seçilmifl polimer
matrix sistemine ilavesini içerir.Nano-
parçac›klar yüzeyi su itici özellik ka-
zanmas› ve su itici polimer sistemine
daha iyi dahil olmas› için ifllem görmüfl
olabilir [7,8].
Nanolifler
Tipik tekstil liflerinin çap› 10 000 nm
yada daha genifltir. Tipik bir nanolifin
çap› 10 nm yada daha genifltir. Lifli
malzemelerin spesifik yüzey alan› lif
çap› ile orant›l›d›r. Nanoölçekli lifler
mikro ölçekli tekstil liflerinden 1000
kat fazla spesifik yüzey alan›na sahip-
tir. Nanolifler çap› 1mm yada
1000nm den daha küçük olan lifler
olarak tan›mlan›r. Nanolifler büyük
oranda elektorpinning ifllemi ile üreti-
lir. Bu prosesde yüklü polimer eriyi¤i
yada çözeltisi küçük bir i¤neden geçi-
rilir. Yüklü çözelti yada eriyik toprak-
lanm›fl toplay›c›ya do¤ru hareket eder.
Jetin hareketi esnas›nda çözücü bu-
harlafl›r, non woven nanolif keçe top-
lay›c›da birikir [9].
Nano boyutta gözeneklere ve yüksek
yüzey alan›na sahip nanolif keçeler
nanoboyuttaki parçac›klar› ve mikrop-
lar› tutmas›ndan dolay› filtre uygula-
malar›nda kullan›l›r.Nanolifler deniz
ada ekstrüzyon tekni¤iyle de üretilebi-
lir. Elektrospun nanolifler fonksiyonel
bitim ifllemleriyle kimyasal ve biyolojik
ajanlar için nötürleme ve doku mü-
hendisli¤i için iskelet olarak kullan›la-
bilirler [7,10].
Elektrospinning/elektrospraying ifl-
lemleri polimer çözeltisi beslenmifl
yüklü fl›r›nga ve topraklanm›fl toplay›c›
ile gerçeklefltirilir(fiekil 3).
S›v› yüksek voltajl› güç kayna¤› yard›-
m› ile oluflturulan elektrik alana maruz
kal›r. Yüzey gerilimi sebebiyle fl›r›nga
ucunda duran yüklü damla yüzey ge-
rilimini yener, konik bir flekil al›r.
Elektrik alan daha da artt›r›ld›¤›nda s›-
v› jet toplay›c›ya do¤ru hareket eder.
Düflük viskoziteli çözeltilerde jet yüzey
gerilimleri sebebiyle parçalan›r ve
elektrospraying ifllemi gerçekleflir [2].
Güneflo¤lu nanokimyasallar›n y›¤›lma
problemini yenmek için elektrospra-
ying yönteminde oluflan elektrostatik
güçleri kulland›. SEM görüntüleri so-
nuçlar›n iy oldu¤unu göstermifltir. Di-
¤er taraftan elektrospraying ifllemi
görmüfl kumafllar iyi ya¤ iticili¤inin ya-
n›nda yetersiz su iticili¤i göstermifltir.
Sonuç olarak elektrospraying ifllemi
görecek kumafl›n ön yüzey ifllemi gör-
mesi, önceden elektriklenmesi gerek-
ti¤i belirtilmifltir [2]. fiekil 4 nanolifle-
rin potansiyel uygulama alanlar›n›
göstermektedir.
Nanoteknolojinin tekstildeki uygula-
malar›ndan biri de polyester, poliamid
ve polipropilen gibi geleneksel liflerin
nanoboyutta üretilmesidir. Bu nanolif-
ler yüksek yüzey alan›, küçük lif çap›,
iyi filtrasyon özelli¤i ve yüksek geçir-
genlik gibi üstün özelliklere sahipler-
dir. Bu liflerin yayg›n üretim metodla-
r› elektrospinning ve iki bileflenli eks-
trüzyondur [13].
Yüksek performansl› iplikler çok iyi
oryante olmufl karbon nanotüp s›rala-
r›ndan üretilirler. Bu iplikller üstün
mekanik özellik gösterirler;200 GPa
mukavemet, elastik uzama 5%, TPa
seviyelerinde Young modülü, Kopma
uzamas› 20%. Uygun ›s›l ifllem sonra-
s›nda elektrospinning ile üretilen bu
lifler kumafl›n mukavemetini ve ilet-
kenli¤ini artt›r›rlar. Bu nanolifler süperfiekil 2. Nanoteknoloji ile tekstillerin kazand›¤› yeni özellikler[8].
Figure 3 Elektrospinning/spraying ifllemleri[2]
Renk hasl›¤›kendi kendine
temizleme
Nanolifler ve ‹plikler
afl›nma
alev geciktirici
su iticilik
renk de¤ifltirme
iletiflim
veri depolamaenerji depolama UV absorpsiyonu mikrop itici
kontrollü sal›n›m
Güç kayna¤›
Yüklü Lifler
Electrospinning Electrospray
YüklüDamlalar
tekstil teknoloji46
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
kapasitör olarak elektronik tekstil bile-
flenlerinde kullan›l›rlar [5].
Bu uygulamalar›n yan›nda boyalar,
metal parçac›klar, metal tuzlar›, poli-
merler elektospinning ifllemi s›ras›nda
liflere kat›labilirler yada yüzeye kapla-
nabilirler[11]. Tablo 1 özellikleriyle
ba¤lant›l› olarak nanoliflerin kullan›m
yerlerini göstermektedir.
Nanokompozitler
Polimer nanokompozitler kaplama ve
bitim ifllemleri için çok ifllevlili¤i sa¤la-
yan nanoparçac›k/polimer sistemleriy-
le düzenlenebilir [7]. Nanoboyutta
dolgu malzemelerinin bafll›ca fonksi-
yonlar›:mekanik mukavemeti artt›rma
ve iletkenlik, antistatik gibi fiziksel
özellikleri iyilefltirmedir. Genifl yüzey
alanlar›ndan dolay› nanokatk› malze-
meleri polimer matrislerle daha iyi et-
kileflim halindedirler. Bu dolgu malze-
meleri nanoboyutta olduklar›ndan po-
limer zincirlerinin hareketlerini etkile-
yerek, zincir hareketlili¤ini düflürürler.
Bu malzemeler matriste öylesine iyi
da¤›l›r ki nanoparçac›klar yük tafl›ma,
tokluk ve sürtünme direncini artt›r›r;
nanolifler gerilmeyi polimer matristen
uzaklaflt›r›r ve kompozit liflerin muka-
vemetini artt›r›r [1,11].
Literatürde en çok kullan›lan nanopar-
çac›klar: montmorillonite organoc-
lay(MMT), karbonnanolifler(CNF’s),
polihedral oligomerik silsesquioxa-
ne(POSS), karbonnanotupler
(çok duvarl› ve tek duvarl›), nanosilika,
nanometal oksitleri(ZnO,TiO2, Al2O3
,etc). Toyota araflt›rma grubu inorga-
nik katk›lay›c›larla haz›rlanan nylon
nanokompozitlerin termal ve mekanik
özelliklerinde art›fl oldu¤unu rapor et-
mifltir. Giannelis organik çözücü kul-
lanmadan eriyik polimerle klay nano-
partikülleri kar›flt›rm›flt›r. Toshniwal,
ara fazlarda oluflan yüksek enerjili yü-
zeyler ve dispers boya molekülleriyle
klay partikülleri aras›ndaki van der
waals ba¤lar› sebebiyle PP nanokom-
pozitlerinin boyanabilirli¤inde art›fl ra-
por etmifltir[5]. Yap›sal s›k›l›¤›(com-
pactness) ve yetersiz boya afinitesi se-
fiekil 4. Nanolif teknolojisi üzerine projeler[12].
Mikrolifler
Kimyasal sentez & Nanospinningteknoloji
Nano yap›/özellik ölçüm teknolo-jisi & yüzey nanokaplama
teknolojisi
Bilgi Teknolojisi Bio teknoloji Çevre teknolojisi
* EL ekran* Akustik malzemeler
* Elekromanyetik dalga kalkanlamamalzemeleri* Lif lazer
* Batarya ay›r›c›
* Biyomolekül cihazlar* hücre teknolojisi
* yeni ilaçlar* biyosensörler
* çal›flt›r›c›, uyar›c›* yapay kas
* gen tedavisi
* yüksek mukavetli ve hafif malzeme-ler
* yerli nanohibritler* çevre temizleme malzemeleri
* kendi kendini yenileyen malzemeler
Nanolifler
Özellikler
Yüzey alan› etkisi Geleneksel liflerden 100 kat daha fazlaYüksek adsorpsiyon
Tablo 1. Nanoliflerin kullan›m alanlar› [12]
De¤iflik etkileri Kullan›mlar›
Adsorpsiyon MalzemeleriBiyokimyasal tehdit önleyiciler‹yon de¤ifltirici malzemeler
Kayma etkisiMoleküllerin ak›fl› de¤iflir ve bas›nç kayb›azal›r
Hava fitresiBiyokimyasal tehdit önleyiciler
Boflluk etkisi Küçük boflluklar sayesinde elemeAy›rma malzemeleriSensörler
Ifl›k etkisi Çap› görünür ›fl›¤›n dalga boyunda küçükliflerin transparan renk görüntüsü
Organik ELElectronik Ka¤›tModa malzemeleriKutuplaflt›r›c›
Yüzey gerilimi etkisi Düflük yüzey gerilim kuvveti, su itenpolimerler
Kaplama malzemeleriBoya
Alafl›m etkisi Nanometre düzeyinde alafl›m
Elektromanyetik dalgakalkanlama malzemeleriYüksek mukavemetli yap›malzemeleri
Boflluk etkisi Nanoboflluklu lifler Nem tutucu malzemelerKir tutmaz malzemeler
Üç boyutlu etki Nonwoven tekstilin üzerinde üç boyutluhücre büyümesi
Reklamasyon malzemesi
Kayd›rma etkisi Kayma etkisinde art›fl Kompleks malzemelerUçak
Mikronalt› malzemeyakalama etkisi
Mikronalt› parçac›klar› yakalamaBiyo kimyasal tehdit önleyici,Motor filtresi,Kazan, Hava temizleyici‹klimlendirici
Hücre, canl›organizma,malzeme tan›maetkisi
Tan›ma ve hücreye ba¤lanma için üstünyap›
Reklamasyon malzemesi,biosensörTailor made meddel
Fitil Makaralar�Flyer Tubes
Çobançe�me Mahallesi Sanayi Caddesi No: 7 34530 Yenibosna / �STANBUL / TÜRK�YETel: +90 212 551 37 37 pbx - 503 37 37 - 503 40 91 - 451 15 60 • Fax: +90 212 639 95 64e-mail: [email protected] • web: www.akbas.com
TEKNOPLASTDelikli Boya Bobinleri
Dyeing ConesKatlama Makaralar�Doubling Bobbins
Ring Masuralar�Ring Spinning Tubes
Konik BobinlerConical Bobbins
�önil ve Jüt Makaralar�Chenille and Jute Bobbins
®
tekstil teknoloji48
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
bebiyle boyanamaz olarak bilinen po-
lipropilen liflerin klay nanoparçac›kla-
r›yla kompozitleri haz›rland›¤›nda,
klay nanopartikülleri boya afinitesi
yüksek k›s›mlar oluflturur ve boya tu-
tucu alanlar yarat›r [1].
Karbon nanolifler ve karbon siyah› na-
nopartikülleri en çok kullan›lan nano-
dolgulardand›r. Karbon nanolifler
yüksek en boy oran› sebebiyle kompo-
zit liflerin mukavemetini artt›r›r. Kar-
bon siyah› nanopartiküllerü ise sür-
tünme direnci ve toklu¤u artt›r›r. Atr›-
ca bu malzemeler yüksek kimyasal di-
rence ve elektriksel iletkenli¤e sahiptir
[1]. Ekranlar, sensörler, uçak malze-
meleri, patlamaya dayan›kl› battaniye
ve elektromanyetik kalkanlama olas›
uygulama alanlar›ndand›r [9].
Kim ve Patra çal›flmalar›n›n sonunda
MWNT/nylon 6 nanokompozit liflerin
mekanik özelliklerinin belirgin flekilde
artt›¤›n› belirtmifllerdir. 0.5%oran›nda
MWNT kat›lan %400 çekilen kompo-
zitin mukavemet de¤erinde %46,
modül de¤erinde %41 art›fl gözlenmifl
ve kopma uzamas› %7 oran›nda düfl-
müfltür. Inan ve arkadafllar› alev gecik-
tirici nylon6/laponit ve nalon6/mont-
morillonit nanokompozitleri haz›rla-
m›fllard›r. %5 oran›nda kat›lan nanok-
lay % 30 oran›nda geleneksel alev ko-
ruyucudan daha iyi sonuç vermifltir
[7]. Hidrofobik/hidrofilik fonksiyonlu
polimer matrisler ve nanopartiküller
kullan›larak haz›rlanan nanokompo-
zitlerin ba¤lanma özelliklerinde, ›slan-
ma ve farkl› fonksiyonel özelliklerin-
de-UV koruma, antimikrobiyellik, alev
almazl›k gibi iyileflme gözlenmifl-
tir[14]. Tablo 2 de nanokatk› malze-
melerinin etkileri görülmektedir.
Klay nanopartikülleri elektriksel, ›s›l ve
kimyasal dirence sahiptir ve UV ›fl›¤›n›
engelleme özelli¤ine sahiptir. Klay na-
nopartiküllerle kuvvetlendirilen kom-
pozit lifler alev geciktirici, anti UV, an-
tikorozif özelliklere sahiptir.%5 klay
kat›l›m› ile nylon kompozit liflerin mu-
kavemeti %40 artar [1,9,10]. fiekil 5
te polimer nanokompozitlerin baz›
fonksiyonel özellikleri görülmektedir.
Nanokaplama
Nanokaplama 100 nm den ince ato-
mik yada moleküler biriktirmeyle yap›-
lan yüzey mühendisli¤i ifllemidir. Ato-
mik/moleküler biriktirme için birçok
teknik vard›r: fiziksel buhar biriktirme,
kimyasal buhar biriktirme, elektokap-
lama, lazer buharlaflt›rma, plazma
destekli kimyasal buhar biriktirme [7].
Nanobitim ifllemleri
Nanoteknoloji çok yönlü lif kompozit-
leri yap›m›n› etkilemenin yan›nda, ye-
ni üstün özellikli aprelerin yap›m›nda-
da etkisini gösterir.
Nanoapre lif yüzeyinin üzerinde fonk-
siyonel kat oluflturma olarak tan›mla-
nabilir. Çok katl› apre ve kaplamala-
r›n avantajlar›; iplik yap›s›nda yetersiz
lif tutunmas› nedeniyleoluflan mü-
kemmel dökümlülük ve yumuflak tu-
fledir.
Sentez ifllemlerinde bir yöntem de
nanoboyutta emülsiyon oluflturup
tekstil malzemesine uygulamakt›r. Bu
apreler nanomisel, nanosol yada na-
Figure 6. Sol-jel ifllemi[16].
fiekil 7. Polielektrolit katl› lifin enine kesiti [17]
fiekil 5. Polimer nanokompozitlerle elde edilen baz› tekstil fonksiyonlar›[14].
UV korumasu, ya¤, leke
iticilik
Polimer nanokompozitler
anti mikrobiyellik
biyokataliz
biyo uyumluluk
elektrik iletkenli¤i
alev geciktirci
antistatik özellik
sürtünme direnci
nem yöntemi
tekstil teknoloji49
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
nokapsül içinde emülsiyon olufltura-
bilir ve tekstil yüzeyine tutunabilir. Bu
apreler kir tutmazl›k, hidrofillik, an-
tistatik, k›r›flmazl›k özellikleri kazan-
d›r›rlar [1,7].
Sol-jel ifllemi
Sol jel ifllemi ö¤ütmeyle yap›lamaya-
cak 20-40 nm aras›ndaki parçac›klar›
üretme tekni¤idir.Paarçac›klar›n ön
maddesi çözücü içerisinde çözülür,
genellikle alkol, sonra su daha sonra-
da asit yada baz eklenir(fiekil 6). Kar›-
fl›m kaplanacak yüzeye uygulan›r. Ön
madde çok küçük seramik tanecikleri
oluflturmak için parçalan›r. Parçac›k
konsantrasyonu yeterince yüksekse
kar›fl›m jelleflir. Jel kurutulur, serami¤i
sinterlemek için yüksek s›cakl›klara ç›-
k›l›r.‹stenen seramik film yada lif bu
flekilde oluflturulur. Çözücü ve hava
kayb› sebebiyle kurutma ve sinterleme
ifllemi süresince çekmeler oluflabilir.Bu
proses kir tutmazl›k yada tufleyi iyilefl-
tirmek için uygulan›r[10,15]. SiO2 na-
noparçac›klar›, çapraz ba¤lay›c› ile bir-
likte matris ön maddesi olarak kullan›-
labilir ve fonksiyonel katk›lay›c›lar se-
ramik kaplama eldesi için kullan›l›r.
Kuvvetlendirme, çizilmezlik, antista-
tik, yap›flmazl›k, UV koruma, IR ab-
sorpsiyonu, antimikrobiyel özellik iste-
nen uygulamalarda bu yöntem kulla-
n›labilir [16].
Bitim ifllemleri için di¤er bir teknoloji-
de kimyasal oksdatif biriktirme tekno-
lojisidir. Bu yöntemle iletken elektro-
aktif polimerler farkl› tekstil ve lifler
üzerine biriktirilir. Sonuçolarak yüksek
mukavemet ve s›l dirençte kompozit
malzemeler oluflur.
Üstelik iletken elektroaktif polimerle-
rin yüzey polimerizasyonu elektriksel
direnci düflürerek iletkenli¤i 10 kat
artt›r›r.
Bu kaplamal› polimerik kompozitler
mikrodalga zay›flat›c›, EMI kalkanla-
ma, elektriksel yük da¤›t›m› uygula-
malar›nda kullan›l›rlar. Bu malzemeler
askeri uygulamalar, kamuflaj, görün-
mezlik teknolojisi vb, için yararl› ola-
bilir.
Yeni gelifltirilen mikro kapsülasyon
tekni¤i tekstil endüstrisinde alev ve
yanmay› geciktirici ajanlar›n tafl›nma-
s›nda kullan›lmaktad›r. Gümüfl nano-
tanecikleri içeren mikrokapsüller anti
mikrobiyel etki sa¤lamaktad›r[5].
Nanotanecikler
Nanoölçekli doldu malzemeleri üç
grupta toplanabilir: lif, plaka ve üç
boyutlu dolgu malzemeleri. Üç boyut-
lu inorganik nanotanecikler fonksiyo-
nel bitim ifllemleri ile, elektriksel ilet-
kenli¤i, antimikrobik özelli¤i, UV ab-
sorpsiyon davran›fl›n›, mukavemeti,
transparanl›¤›, liflerin kapl› veya apre-
li kumafllar›n koku nötürleme karak-
terlerini iyilefltirir. Nanotanecik sen-
tezleme ve fabrikasyonunda iki yakla-
fl›m vard›r. Afla¤›dan yukar› yaklafl›mla
üretilen taneciklerde daha az hata
daha homojen k›myasal yap› elde edi-
lir. Yukar›dan afla¤› yaklafl›mda içsel
gerilim, yüzey hatalar› ve safs›zl›klarla
karfl›lafl›labilir.
Nanotanecikler bitim veya kaplama
ortam›nda düzgün da¤›t›l›r ve uygun
sol jel tekni¤iyle filmler oluflturulur.
Inorganik nanotanecikler latter tekni-
¤iyle aerosol ifllemiyle birlikte üretile-
bilir: alev hidrolizi(nanosilicka, titan-
ya,alumina, zirkonyum oksit), piro-
liz(karbon siyah›), gaz yo¤unlaflt›rma
(TiO2, Al2O3, CuO, CeO2, ZnO, ZrO2,
Fe2O3,),lazer ablasyonu,vb.
TiO2 veMgO nanotaneciklerinin foto-
katalitik etkisi ile zararl› ve tooksik
kimyasallar ve biyolojik ajanlar parça-
lanabilir. Bu tanecikler spray kaplama
yada elektrostatik methodla tekstil yü-
zeyine tutunabilir. Nanotanecikler ku-
mafla sensor taban› özelli¤i verebilir.
Nanokristalin piezoseramik tanecikler
kumaflla birlefltirilirse, oluflan kumaflfiekil 9. Lotus yapra¤›n›n ve nano yap›da yüzeyin AFMyüzey topografileri[16]
Kazand›rd›¤› Özellikler
Mekanik (mukavemet, modül, tokluk)
Gaz difüzyon bariyeri
Boyutsal stabilite
Is›l sünme
Sürtünme direnci
Viskozitede art›fl, ifllenme güçlü¤ü
Dispersiyon güçlü¤ü
Optik problemler
Karbon nanopartiküllerinin siyah rengi
Tablo 2. Nano katk› malzemelerinin etkileri [17]
Kimyasal direnç
Kuvvetlendirici
fiekil 8. Gümüfl kapl› mikrolifin enine kesiti [16].
microfiber
silver coating
braced silvercoating on thefiber surface
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
mekanik kuvvetleri elektrik sinyalleri-
ne dönüfltürerek, kalp ritmi, a¤lama
gibi vücut fonksiyonlar›n›n görüntü-
lenmesini sa¤layabilir [1,7].
Antimikrobiyel ve koku kontrolü özel-
likli gümüfl nanotanecikler iyon beam
sputtering yada gümüfl tuzu çözeltisi-
nin çöktürülmesiyle elde edilebilir [7].
Gümüfl nano tenecikler antibakteri-
yel özllik sa¤larken alt›n nanopartikül-
leri moleküler ligandlar›n kullan›m›na
izin verir ve çevredeki biolojik kompo-
undlar›n varl›¤› h›zl›ca belirlenir. Pla-
tinyum ve paladyum nanopartikülleri
katalitik özellikleriyle zararl› gazlar› ve
toksik endüstriyel kimyasallar› parça-
lar. Metal oksit nanotanecikler foto-
katalitik , antibakteriyel aktivite ve ul-
traviole absorplama özelliklerine sa-
hiptir[18].
Antimikrobiyol bitim ifllemleri
Gümüfl iyonlar› antimikrobiyal aktivi-
teye sahiptir.. Gümüfl iyonlar›n›n pro-
tein moleküllerine ba¤lanarak, hücre-
sel metabolizmay› durdurdu¤una ve
mikroorganizman›n büyümesini dur-
durdu¤una inan›l›r. Toksik olmayan
yap›s› sebebiyle bio uyuludur ve non-
woven hava ve su filtrelerinde, t›bbi
k›yafetlerde ve dokuma kumafllarda
insan derisiyle direkt temas halinde
kullan›labilir [18].
Ultraviole-koruma
ZnO nano tanecikleri fiyat›, beyazl›¤›,
UV bloklama özellikleriyle di¤er nano
taneciklerden daha iyi sonuç vermifltir.
Artan yüzey alan› ve yo¤un absorpsi-
yon özelli¤iyle nanoformdaki ZnO ta-
neciklerinin UV koruma özellikleri ar-
t›fl göstermifltir[18].
Anti-statik
fiekil 10. Nanotaneciklerle kaplanm›fl yüzey[20]
fiekil 11. Photocatalyst [21]
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Statik yük genellikle naylon polyester
gibi sentetik liflerde birikir çünkü bu
lifler çok az su absorplar. Selülozik lif-
ler daha fazla nem içerirler. Böylece
static yükleri da¤›tabilirler. Yük birik-
mesi yaflanmaz. Sentetik liflerin zay›f
antistatic özelliklerini gelifltirmek için
nanoteknoloji kullan›lm›flt›r.
Nano boyutta titanyumdioksit, zink
oksit, nano antimony doplanm›fl tin
oksit ve silan nanosolun sentetik lifle-
re antistatic özellik kazand›rd›¤›na ka-
rar verilmifltir. TiO2, ZnO ve ATO anti
static etki sa¤lam›flt›r çünkü bu mal-
zemeler iletkendir.
Bu tarz malzemeler kumafl üzerinde
birikmifl static yüklerin da¤›t›lmas›nda
rol oynar. Di¤er taraftan lif üzerindeki
silan nanosol amino ve hidroksil
gruplar› sayesinde havadan su ve nem
absorplar anti static özelli¤i iyilefltirir.
K›r›flmazl›k
Kumafla k›r›flmazl›k özelli¤i sa¤lamak
için reçine ve geleneksel yöntemler
kullan›l›r. Ancak reçine uygulamala-
r›nda mukavette, sürtmee direncinde
su alma ve boyanmada ve nefez alabi-
lirlikte düflüfller gözlenmektedir. Bu
k›s›tlamalar› yenmek için baz› araflt›r-
mac›lar nanotitanyum dioksit ve na-
nosilika y› k›r›flmazl›k özelli¤i kazan-
d›rmak için pamuk ve ipek liflerine uy-
gulam›fllard›r.
Nano titanyumdioksit karboksilik asit
katalizörü ile UV alt›nda selülozla asit
aras›nda çapraz ba¤lanma sa¤lam›flt›r.
Di¤er taraftan nanosilika ve maleikan-
hidridipek lifine k›r›flmazl›k özelli¤i ka-
zand›rm›flt›r [19].
fiekil 12. Tekstilde nano uygulama örnekleri[22].
tekstil teknoloji52
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Kolay bak›m
Kumafl›n kritik yüzey gerilimi s›v›n›n
yüzey gerilimine eflit yada büyükse s›-
v› kumafl› ›slat›r.
Florokarbon organik bilefli¤i perfluori-
nated karbon zincirleri içerir. Florokar-
bonlar malzemenin yüzey gerilimini
düflürme e¤ilimindedirler.
TiO2 kaplamalar fotokatalist olarak
purifikasyon,koku giderme, sterilizas-
yon, kir tutmaz kendi kendini temizle-
yen cam uygulamalar›nda yüksek ok-
sidasyon kabiliyeti, toksik olmayan ya-
p›s›, uzun suren stabilli¤i ve fiyat› se-
bebiyle büüyük ilgi görmektedir. Ti-
tanyum kapl› pamuk kumafllar fotoka-
talitik kendi kendini temizleme, bak-
teriyel aktivite, leke parçalama, k›rm›-
z› flarap ve kahve lekesini parçalama
özelli¤ine sahiptir [18].
Lotus yapraklar› mikro ç›k›nt›lar› ve
wax kapl› yüzeyi sayesinde su itici ve
kir itici özelliktedir (fiekil 9).Yüzeyin
suyla kontak aç›s› 1500 dir ve super
hidrofobik olarak düflünülebilir.
Gerçekte düzgün yüzey ç›k›nt›lar› ve
düflük yüzey enerjisiyle bu kontak aç›-
s›na ulafl›labilir
Pürüzlülük ve yüzey enerjisi yüzeyin ›s-
lanmas›n› etkileyen faktörlerdir. Yüzey
pürüzlülü¤ünün hidrofilik yüzeylerde
hidroofilli¤i hidrofobik yüzeylerde hid-
rofoblu¤u artt›rd›¤› kan›tlanm›flt›r. Na-
notaneciklerin hidrofilik hidrofobik
fonksiyonel polimerlere kat›lmas› poli-
merlerin özelliklerinde iyileflmeye se-
bep olmufltur(fiekil 10)[14].
Alay pamuklu kumafla florokarbon
bazl› kimyasallarla yap›lan plazma ifl-
leminin etkisini incelemifltir. ‹fllem
sonras›nda kumafl›n hidrofobik özelli-
¤i artm›fl ve bus u itici özellik 5 y›ka-
madan sonra bile de¤iflmemifltir. Kon-
tak aç›s› 1200 den buyuk olarak olçul-
mustur. Superhidrofobik kumafllar su
itici özellikleriyle teknolojik uygulama-
larda yer bulmufllard›r. Bu yüzeyler
büyük kontak aç›lar›yla kendi kendini
temizleme özelli¤ine sahiptirler. Su iti-
ci super hidrofobik kumafllar nanota-
neciklerin pürüzlülü¤ü ve polimerlerin
hidrofobik özelliklerinin birlefltirilme-
siyle oluflturulabilir [14,16].
Fotokatalitik kendi kendini temiz-
leyen tekstiller
Nanokristalin TiO2 kaplamalar gün ›fl›-
¤› alt›nda kimyasal olarak yüzeye tu-
tunmufl organik kirleticileri parça-
lar(fiekil 11) bu özelli¤iyle pencere
camlar›ndan çimentoya tekstil yüzey-
lerine kadar bir çok uygulama alan›n-
da ilgi görmüfltür. Nano ölçekli titan-
yumdioksit yüzeye tutunmufl organic
kirleticileri parçalar bakterileri öldürür
[21].
Ticarileflmifl ürünler
Nano-TexTM nanoteknolojiyi uygula-
yan flirketlerden biridir.anti static, k›-
r›flmazl›k, leke ve ya¤ iticilik sa¤layan
apreler, bioaktif, ilaç, t›bbi ,günefl kre-
mi, boya tafl›y›c› nanoboncuk ve üstün
nano teknolojiler gelifltirmifllerdir (Na-
no-Care, Nano-Pel, Nano-Touch and
Nano-Press technology)[5]. Nanocare
leketutmaz k›r›flmaz s›v› itici pamu¤a
uygulanan apredir. Nano pel s›v› ve le-
ke itici, nefes alabilen kumafllar. Na-
nodry teri uzaklaflt›ran h›zl› kuruyan
kumafllar. Nanotouch sentetik lifler
için do¤al lif tufle ve konforu sa¤lar.
Nanofresh vücut kokular›n› hapseder.
Nano tex uygulamalar› kumafla banyo
içerisinde uygulan›r. Kumafl banyodan
geçerken nanotanecikler kumafl›n lif-
leriyle temasa geçer. Kumafl kürlendi-
¤inde yada ›s›t›ld›¤›ndananotanecikler
liflere yap›fl›r. Apreler kal›c›d›r ancak
kumafl›n estetik ve mekanik özellikle-
rini etkilemez. Bu apreler pamuk d›-
fl›nda polyester ipek ve yünede uygu-
lan›r. Nanoapreli bu kumafllar s›v› itici,
leke tutmaz, k›r›flmaz ve antistatik
özellikler kazan›rlar [9].
S›v› iticilik pamuk polyester yün ipek
ve rayona uygulan›r. Leke iticilik lotus
yapra¤›n› taklit ederek gelifltirilmifltir.
Yapra¤›n yüzeyi hidrofobiktir. Ya¤mur
damlalar› yapra¤›n üzerine düfltü¤ün-
de kirlerle birlikte kayar(fiekil 13).
Yapra¤›n yüzeyi pürüzlüdür, yüzeyin
su emme kabiliyetini düflürür. Nano ifl-
lemler kumafl› yaprak gibi super hidro-
fobik yapmaya yöneliktir. Bu flekilde
kendi kendini temizleyen kumafllar
geleneksel su itici florokarbon bazl›
aprelerin yerini alabilir. Bu s›v› itici ap-
re uyguland›ktan sonra kumafl hem su
itici hemde kendi kendini temizleme
özelli¤i kazan›r (fiekil 14). Kahve ya¤
flarap gibi s›v›lar kumafla s›zmadan yü-
zeyden kayarak uzaklafl›r.
Coolest Comfort
Sentetikler için 2000 y›l›nda gelifltiril-
di. Hidrofobik yüzeylere üstün wikingfiekil 14. Lotus efekti [24].
fiekil 13. Lotus effekti mekanizmas› [23].
tekstil teknoloji54
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
özelli¤i kazand›r›r. ‹fllem görmüfl ku-
mafllar teri h›zla vücuttan uzaklaflt›r›r,
kuru ve konforlu kalmay› sa¤lar. Bu
apre reçineli pamu¤a uygulanabilir.
Reçine pamuklu kumafl›n k›r›flmamas›
için uygulan›r. Ancak reçine muame-
lesi pamu¤un do¤al nem çekme kabi-
liyetini k›s›tlar. Bu apre reçineli pamu-
¤un wiking özelliklerini gelifltirmek
için tasarlanm›flt›r.
Resists Static
Sentetik lifler için antistatic apredir.
Bu apreli kumafl sadece static yükü
de¤il kopek tüyü toz gibi static olarak
çekici malzemeleride iter ve birçok
farkl› kumafla uygulanabilir.
Repels and Releases Stains
Bu apre pamuk ve pamuk polyester
kar›fl›mlar›na uygulan›r. S›v› kumaflla
temas etti¤inde yuvarlanarak uzakla-
fl›r. E¤er s›v› lifler aras›na girerse patn-
tli sal›n›m teknolojisi s›v›y› uzaklaflt›-
r›r.[18,22,23,24,25]. Bugatti Nanosp-
here apre ile nem yönetimli ceket ge-
lifltirmifltir. Nanotech gümüfl nanota-
necikli çorap üretmifltir. Nanofiltras-
yon membranlar› boya at›k sular›n›n
ar›t›m›nda kullan›lmaktad›r. Bu mem-
branlar boyay› sudan ay›rarak suyun
tekrar kullan›lmas›n› sa¤lamaktad›rlar.
Güçlü grafit nanolifler ode s›cakl›¤›n-
da büyük yüklere ve yüksek bas›nca
dayanabilirler. Alev geciktirici nonwo-
ven kumafl, ka¤›t ve filaman lif, kapla-
malar için klay ve de¤iflik selülozik kö-
kenli liflerle nanokompozitler haz›r-
lanmaktadir [5,26]. 1997 den itiba-
rennanotanecikler iplik lif ve kumaflla-
r› kaplamada kullan›lm›flt›r. 2005 te
nanoteknoloji $32 milyar dolarl›k
üründe yer alm›flt›r. 2012 de notane-
ciklerin elektronik tekstillerin ve giyile-
bilir elektroniklerin pazar›n›n $115
milyar dolar olaca¤› tahmin edilmek-
tedir [4, 27].
References
[1]http://www.landofcotton.com/fc/files/nanodev.pdf
[2] Cem Günesoglu, Dilek Kut and Mehmet Orhan,
Performing the Electrospraying Process for the Appli-
cation of Textile Nano Finishing Particles, Textile Rese-
arch Journal, Vol 80(2): 106–115, 2010
[3] http://www.fruitstree.com/article/the-role-of-nano-
technology-in-textile-chemicals-industry/ Enhancement
of textile
[4] Tatiana Laschuk; José Nascimento & Fernando Oli-
veira, Nanotechnologies as improvement of fashion
textile design, 4th International Textile, Clothing & De-
sign Conference – Magic World of Textiles, October
05th to 08th 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia
[5] Kumar Vikram Singh et al, Applications and future
of nanotechnology in textiles, 2006 Beltwide Cotton
Conferences, San Antonio, Texas - January 3 - 6, 2006
[6]http://www.landofcotton.com/fc/files/nanodev.pdf
[7] William C. Smith, Smart textile coatings and lami-
nates, Woodhead publishing limited, 2010
[ 8 ] h t t p : / / f t p . r t a . n a t o . i n t / p u b l i c / / P u b F u l l -
Text/RTO/EN/RTO-EN-AVT-129bis///EN-AVT-
129bis-05.pdf
[9]www.techexchange.com/thelibrary/nanotechno-
logy.html
[10] V Parthasarathi, Nano technology adds value to
textile finishing, The Indian Textile Journal January
2008 issue.
[11] http://www.ripublication.com/ijna/ijnav3n2_5.pdf
[12] Tatsuya Hongu, Glyn O. Phillips and Machiko Ta-
kigami, New Millennium Fibers, Woodhead publishing
in textiles,2005.
[13] http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?Article-
Id=2402
[14] Sorna Gowri et al, Polymer Nanocomposites for
Multifunctional Finishing of Textiles - a Review, Textile
Research Journal, Vol 80(13): 1290–1306, 2010
[15]http://www.exzellenz.nrw.de/nocl/noth/clus-
ters/highlights/nanotechnology-in-textile-finishing/?L=1
[16] http://www.nanomat.de/pdf/nanovision-berin-
ger.pdf
[17]http://www.czech-in.org/enf2009/ppt/C1_Scholl-
meyer_Y.pdf
[18] Q. Wei, Surface modification of textiles, Woolhe-
ad publishing in textiles,2009
[19] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-06-
1.pdf
[20] http://www.flickr.com/photos/basf/4837720180/
[21] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-06-
1.pdf
[22] http://www.scint.nl/docs/Smarttextilesscint.pdf
[23] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-06-
1.pdf
[24] http://minatuse.eu/pdf/Nanotechnology_applicati-
ons-5-_-_nanotechnology_and_textile.pdf
[25] http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?Article-
Id=2402
[26] http://www.nano.org.uk/articles/28/
[27]http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServ-
l e t ? p r o g n o r -
mal&id=ASMECP002008042940000761000001&idtype
=cvips&gifs=yes&ref=no
[28]http://www.sampasnano.com/nanotechnology.htm
fiekil 15. Tekstiller için nanoteknoloji uygulamalar›[5].
Tekstiller için nanoteknoloji uygulamalar›
Fonksiyonel apreler (k›r›lmaz,leke tutmaz, antistatik kumafllar)
Kimyasal ve biyolojik tehditlerekarfl› koruma
Üstün Özelilkli nanokompozitler
Fonksiyonel tekstiller, UV koru-ma, koku giderme özellikli
Fonksiyonel nanolifler
‹klim kontrollü ak›ll› ve t›bbitekstiller
Tekstil üretim proseslerindekiuygulamalar
tekstil teknoloji55
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Nanotechnology Applications for High Performance TextilesMeltem Yan›lmaz
The textile industry has already im-
pacted by nanotechnology like other
industries. There is a significant po-
tential for profitable applications of
Nano-technology in textiles. Several
applications of Nano-technology can
be extended to attain the performan-
ce enhancement of textile manufactu-
ring machines & processes. The texti-
le industry has the biggest customer
base in the world.The researches have
been targeted on developing impro-
ved dirt, crease and shrink resistance
properties in fabrics, temperature
adaptable clothing and odor-less un-
dergarments. Several advances have
also been made towards the develop-
ment of strong fibers and fabrics for
biomedical and military applications.
Introduction
The textile industry has already im-
pacted by nanotechnology. Research
involving nanotechnology to improve
performances or to create unprece-
dented functions of textile materials
are flourishing[1,2]. Nanotechnology
has versatile applications in textile
chemicals industry in manufacturing
garments with stain resistance, flame
retardant finishes, wrinkle resistance
finishes, moisture management, anti-
microbial qualities, UV protection,
and soil release properties, etc.[3,4].
Materials are developed by nanotech-
nology is expected to become a trilli-
on dollar industry in the next decade,
with tremendous technological, eco-
nomic and ecologic benefits[5]. The
developments of nanotechnologies in
textiles will have a two ways (Figure
1): increasing existing functions and
performances of textile materials and
developing smart and intelligent texi-
les with unprecedented functions.
The new functions to be developed
include wearable solar cell and energy
storage, sensors and information ac-
quisition and transfer, multiple and
sophisticated protection and detecti-
on, health care and wound healing
functions, self cleaning and repairing
functions[6].
The national Science and Technology
Council’s Subcommittee on Nanosca-
le Science, Engineering and Techno-
logy defines (NNCO, 2004) nanotech-
nology as follows: “Nanotechnology
is the understanding and control of
matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to
100 nanometers, where unique phe-
nomena enable novel applications. A
nanometer is a one-billionth of a me-
ter; a sheet of a paper is about
100000 nanometers thick. Encompas-
sing nanoscale science, engineering
and technology, nanotechnology in-
volves imaging, measuring, modelling
and manipulating matter at this
length scale. At this level the physical,
chemical, and biological properties of
materials differ in fundamental and
valuable ways from the properties of
individual atoms and molecules or
bulk matter. Nanotechnology R&D is
directed towards understanding and
creating improved materials, devices
and systems that exploit these new
properties.”[7].
Nanomaterials demonstrate unique
and novel properties different from
Figure 1. The developments of nanotechnologies in textiles[5]
* Development of single and multiwalled nanofibers,
carbon nanotube composite fibers
* Production of nano fibers using electrospinning
process
* Enhancement of the mechanical, chemical and func-
tional properties of nanofibers
* Nanotechnology can also improve surface properties
and functionalities of fabrics
* A variety of chemical finished and coatings can be
developed
Nanotechnology in textiles
Nanofibers and yarns Improved fabric finishing
tekstil teknoloji56
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
their corresponding bulk materials
due to the fact that quantum mecha-
nical properties of electrons and ato-
mic interactions inside o the matter
are imfluenced by nanometer scale
material variations. The introduction
of inorganic nanoparticles as additives
into polymer systems has resulted in
polymer nanocomposites exhibiting
multifunctional, high performance
polymer characteristics beyond what
traditional filld polymeric materials
possess. Mechanical properties of low
loading(~1%) carbon nanotu-
bes/nylon composites are dramatically
improved over high loading(~30%)
carbon black/nylon. Multifunctional
polymer nanocomposites may impro-
ve their thermal resistance, flame re-
sistance, moisture resistance, decrea-
sed permeability, charge dissipation,
chemical resistance and other materi-
al properties(Figure 2).
The technical approach involves the
incorporation of nanoparticles into
selected polymer matrix systems whe-
reby nanoparticles may be surface
treated to provide hydrophobic cha-
racteristics and enhanced inclusion in-
to the hydrophobic polymer mat-
rix[7,8].
Nanofibers
The diameter of a typical textile fiber
is 10 000 nm or larger, while the di-
ameter of typical nanofibers is 10 nm
or larger. Since the specific surface
area of fibrous material is inversely
proportional to the fiber diameter,
nanoscale fibers have 1000 times of
specific surface area increase from
the micro scale textile fibers. Nanofi-
bers can be defined as fibers with a
diameter of less than 1mm or
1000nm. The majority of nanofibers
are produced by the electrospinning
process. In this process a charged
polymer melt is extruded through a
small nozzle. The charged solution is
drawn toward a grounded collecting
plate. As the jet of charged melt tra-
vels, the solvent evaporates, leaving a
non-woven nanofiber mat on a subs-
tratum[9].
Nanofiber webs are used for filtration
media to capture nanosize particles or
microbes by exploiting nanosize pores
together with the large surface area
of nanowebs. Nanosize fibers can al-
so be manufactured by sea island
conjugate extrusion techniques. Elec-
trospun nanofiber membranes with
functional finishes can be used for ne-
utralizing chemical biological agents
or scaffolds for tissue enginee-
ring[7,10].
The electrospinning/electrospraying
process (Figure 3) has a conventional
configuration consisting of a charged
syringe fed with polymer solution and
a grounded collector plate. When a li-
quid (or emulsion) is subjected to an
electric field of several kilovolts pro-
duced by a high-voltage power sup-
ply, the droplet at the capillary tip of
the syringe, which is kept in place by
the surface tension of the liquid, is al-
so charged and overcomes the forces
of surface tension resulting in elonga-
tion of the droplet into a conical sha-
pe. Further increase in the attractive
force of the electric field by means of
increased voltage produces a charged
jet of liquid that is channeled to the
ground. When the jet breaks up into
droplets as a result of surface tension
in the case of low viscosity, electros-
pinning becomes electrospraying[2].
Güneflo¤lu et al investigated the use
of an electrospraying process for the
application of commercially available
nano chemicals to use the electrosta-
tic force produced in the process to
overcome the surface energy of the
Figure 2. The new functionalities of textiles by nanotechnology [8].
Figure 3 Electrospinning/spraying process[2]
Nanotechnology in textiles
color fastness self cleaning
abrasion
fire retardancy
controlled release add.
anti-microbialUV absorptionenergy storagedata storage
communications
color changing
weter repellent
High VoltageP o w e rSupply
C h a r g e dFibers
Grounded Plate
ChargedDrops
Electrospraydata storage
tekstil teknoloji58
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
resulting agglomeration. SEM images
showed the promising results. On the
other hand, the electrosprayed fabrics
gave acceptable oil repellency, along
with unacceptable water repellency .
It is also concluded that the electrical
properties of the electrosprayed sur-
face will be an important factor and a
cotton fabric should be pre-electrified
to ease the process [2]. Figure 4
shows another potential applications
of nanofiber.
One of the applications of nanotech-
nology in the textile industry is in
polymeric materials for producing
conventional fibres such as polyester,
polyamide and polypropylene in na-
noscale. Nanofibres have good pro-
perties such as high surface area, a
small fibre diameter, good filtration
properties and high permeability.
Common production methods are
electrospinning or bicomponent ex-
trusion[13].
High-performance yarns can be pro-
duced through super-aligned arrays
of carbon nanotubes. Such yarns ex-
hibit extraordinary mechanical pro-
perties, the Young’s modulus in the
TPa range, tensile strength of about
200 GPa, elastic strain up to 5 %, and
breaking strain about 20%. Such
synthetic nano fibers that are being
produced by electrospinning process
can significantly enhance the strength
and conductivity of the fabric after
suitable heat treatment. Hence, these
nano fibers and yarns can also be ef-
ficiently used as super capacitors in
electronic textile components[5]. Besi-
des these, dyes, metal particles, metal
salts, polymers etc were directly incor-
porated into fibers during spinning or
it can be coated on the surface [11].Figure 4. Proposal and research projects on nanofiber technology[12].
Convertional microfiber
Nanostucture / property evalua-tion technology & Surfacenanocoating technology
Chemical synthesis &Nanospinning technologies
IT Technology Bio technology Environment technology
light and high strength materialsgreen nanohybridenvironment cleaning materialsSelf repairing materials
Biomolecule devicecell technologyregeneration medicinebiosensoractuatorartificial musclegene therapy
EL displayPhonics materialsElctromagnetic wave shielding materials Fiber laserBattery sparator
Nanolifler
Fiber surface area per weight is over1000times larger than that of usual fibersVery large adsorption
Adsorption materialBiochemical hazard
preventorIon exchange materials
Table 1. Uses of nanofibers utilizing its properties [12]
Properties
Surface areaeffect
Slip effect
Hole effect
Light effect
Surface tensioneffect
Amalgamationeffect
Void effect
Three dimensionaleffect
Sliding effect
Submicron object
catching effect
Cell, living body,material
recognitioneffect
Varios effects Uses
Flow of molecules changes and pressureloss becomes much smaller
Air filterbiochemical hazard preventor
Sieving by small holes Separation materialSensor
Structure color appearance withtransparent fiber with diameter less thanwavelength
Organic ELElectronic paperFashion material
Polarizer
Low surface tension force, waterrepelling of hydrophilic
Coating materialPaint
Electromagnetic wave shildingmaterial
High Strength structurematerial
Amalgamation in nanometer order
Humidity keeping material
Fouling preventin materialGiving nanovoid fiber
Reclamation materialThree dimensional growth of cells onnon weaved textile
Complex materialAir planeIncrement of sliding of materials
Biochemical hazar preventor,
Suit Engine filter,
Boiler, Air cleaner,
Air conditioner
Catching submicron sized particles
Reclamation material
Biotip, Biosensor
Tailor made medical
Having unique structure for recognitionand bond with cell
tekstil teknoloji59
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Table 1 shows uses of nanofibers uti-
lizing its properties.
Nanocomposites
Polymer nanocomposites for coating
and finishing can be engineered to
meet multifunctional requirements by
selecting a nanoparticle/polymer sys-
tem[7]. The main function of nanosi-
ze fillers is to increase the mechanical
strength and improve physical proper-
ties such as conductivity and antista-
tic. The nanofillers have a better inte-
raction with polymer matrices due to
their large surface area. The fillers can
interfere with polymer chain move-
ment and thus reduce the chain mo-
bility due to being in the nanometer
range. They can be distributed evenly
in matrices so nanoparticles can carry
load and increase the toughness and
abrasion resistance; nanofibers can
transfer stress away from polymer
matrices and enhance tensile strength
of composite fibers[1,11].
The most commonly used nanopartic-
les in literature are: montmorillonite
organoclays (MMT), carbonnanofibers
(CNF’s), polyhedral oligomeric silses-
quioxane (POSS), carbon nanotubes
(multiwall nanotubes(MWNTs) and
single nanotubes (SWNTs)), nanosilica
and nanometaloxides (ZnO,TiO2,
Al2O3,etc). Toyota research reported
nylon nanocomposite, where modera-
te inorganic loadings resulted in con-
current and remarkable enhance-
ments of thermal and mechanical
properties. Giannelis demonstrated
the possibility of melt mixing poly-
mers and clays without using organic
solvents. Toshniwal reported that the
increase in dyeability of PP nanocom-
posite is also due to the formation of
interphase high energy surfaces and
existence of van der waals forces bet-
ween the disperse dye molecules and
the clay particles[5]. Clay nanopartic-
les can introduce dye attracting sites
and creating dye holding space in
polypropylene fibers, known as nond-
yeable fiber due to its structural com-
pactness and lack of dye attracting si-
tes[1]. Carbon nanofibers and carbon
black nanoparticles are the most com-
monly used nanofillers. Carbon nano-
fibers can increase the tensile
strength of composite fibers due to its
high aspect ratio, while carbon black
nanoparticles can improve their abra-
sion resistance and toughness. They
have high chemical resistance and
electric conductivity [1]. Possible app-
lications include screen displays, sen-
sors, aircraft structures, explosion-
proof blankets and electromagnetic
shielding [9].
A significant improvement in mecha-
nical properties of MWNT/nylon-6 na-
nocomposite fibers were reported by
Kim and Patra. By adding 0.5%
MWNTs, it was found that the nano-
composite fiber drawn 400% showed
a 46% increase in tensile strength
and 41% stiffer modulus, while the
strain at break was reduced 7%. The
flame retardancy of nylon-6/laponite
and nylon-6/montmorillonite nano-
composites was investigated by Inan
etal. For traditional flame proofing
treatment of synthetic fibers, very
high loading(~30% ) of flame retar-
dant is applied, but nanocomposite fi-
bers with low loading(~5%) of nanoc-
lays such as MMT are found to be as
effective[7]. Using hydropho-
bic/hydrophilic functional polymer
matrices as the dispersion medium for
the nanoparticles will result in poly-
mer nanocomposites (PN) with
improved bonding properties and im-
part desired wettability with different
functional properties like ultraviolet
(UV) resistance, antimicrobial and fla-
me retardancy which are unique cha-
racteristics of different nanopartic-
les[14]. Table 2 shows effects of na-
noadditives.
Figure 5. Some possibilities of textile functionalization using polymer nanocomposites[14].
UV protectionwater oil soil repellency
antimicrobial activity
biocatalysis
biocompatibility
electrical conductivity
IT Technology
moisture management
abrasion stability
antistatic property
flame retardancy
tekstil teknoloji60
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
Clay nanoparticles possess electrical,
heat and chemical resistance and an
ability of blocking UV light. Composi-
te fibers reinforced with clay nano-
particles exhibit flame retardant, anti
UV, anti corrosive properties. The
mechanical properties of nylon com-
posite fibers withh 5% exhibits a 40%
higher tensile strength, 68% greater
tensile strength[1,9,10].
Nanocoating
Nanocoating is a surface engineering
process by atomistic or molecular de-
position of less than 100 nm thin
films. There are many techniques to
accomplish the atomistic/molecular
deposition on a given substrate:
physical vapor deposition , chemical
vapor deposition,electroplating, laser
vaporization, plasma enhanced che-
mical vapor deposition[7].
Nanofinishing
Nanotechnology not only has exerted
its influence in making versatile fiber
composites but also has had impact in
making upgraded chemical finishes.
Nanofinishing is loosely defined as
forming a functional molecular layer
on fiber substrate. The advantages of
surface finishing/coating with various
nanolayers is that the finished fabric
has excellent drape characteristic and
soft touch because of the lack of in-
ter- fiber adhesion in the yarn structu-
res. One of the trends in synthesis
process is to pursue a nanoscale
emulsification, through which finishes
can be applied to textiles in a more
throughand even manner. Finishes
can be emulsified into nanomicelles,
made into nanosols or wrapped in na-
nocapsules that can adhere to textile
substrate. These finishes provide stain
resistant, hydrophilic, anti static,
wrinkle resistant and shrink proof abi-
lities[1,7].
Sol-gel processing
Sol-gel processing is a process for
making very small particles 20 to
40nm that are virtually impossible to
make by conventional grinding. A li-
quid precursor of the particle is dissol-
ved in a solvent, usually alcohol, wa-
ter is added and then acid or base(Fi-
gure 6). The mixture is coated or cast.
The precursor then decomposes to
form the fine ceramic particles. If the
particle concentration is high enough,
the mixture gels. The gel is dried, and
then heated at high temperature to
sinter the ceramic, giving the desired
ceramic film or fibre. During this dry-
ing and sintering process, shrinkage
occurs through loss of solvent and air,
and this shrinkage must be carefully
controlled to avoid cracking. This pro-
cess can be employed for the creation
of micro-rough surfaces for a dirt-re-
pellent effect or for modification of
the feel [10,15]. SiO2 nanoparticles
with cross-inking compounds can be
used as matrix precursor and functio-
nal additives are used to obtain cera-
mic coating. Reinforcing, scratch resi-
tent, antistatic, antiadhesive, interfe-
Figure 6. Sol-gel processing[16].
Figure 7. Cross section of a fiber with polyelectrolyte layers[17]
Table 2. Effects of nanoadditives [7].
Properties Improved Drawbacks
Mechanical (tensile strengh,modulus, toughness)
Mechanical (tensile strengh,modulus, toughness)
Gas diffusion barrier Dispersion difficulties
Flame retardancy Optical problem
Dimensional stability Black color from carbon nanoparticles
Thermal expansion
Thermal conductivity
Abrasion resistanceChemical resistance
Reinforcement
tekstil teknoloji62
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
rence colors, UV protection, IR ab-
sorption, antimicrobial properties can
be obtained with this method[16].
Self assembled nanolayers
The self assembly process begins by
exposing a charged surface to a solu-
tion of an oppositely charged polye-
lectrolyte(Figure 7). The amount of
adsorbed material is self limiting by
the charge density of the substrate
[1].
For finishing purposes, another lea-
ding technology is chemical oxidative
deposition technology, which deals
with the deposition of Conducting
Electroactive Polymers (CEP) onto dif-
ferent kinds of fibers and textiles, re-
sulting composite materials with high
tensile strength and good thermal
stability .Furthermore, Surface poly-
merization of CEP (Graft copolymeri-
zation) of polymer fibers has a poten-
tial to increase the conductivity al-
most 10 times by decreasing the elec-
trical resistivity . Such coated polyme-
ric composite materials can be used in
microwave attenuation, EMI shiel-
ding, and dissipation of static electric
charge. Hence, they can be useful for
military applications, e.g., camoufla-
ge, stealth technology, etc. The newly
developed micro encapsulation tech-
nique is being used in textile industry
for flame or fire retardant (FR) agents.
Microcapsules containing silver nano-
particles (Silver Cap) are also being in-
vestigated for providing anti-microbi-
al effects[5].
Nanoparticles
Nanoscale fillers can be grouped into
three categories: fiber, plate like and
three dmensional,3D, fillers. Nano-
particles in 3D inorganic nanopartic-
les for functional finishes can improve
electrical conductivity, antimicrobial
properties, refractive index, UV ab-
sorption behavior, strength, transpa-
rency and odor-neutralization charac-
teristics of fibers, coated or finished
fabric surfaces. There are two main
approaches for the synthesis and fab-
rication of nanostructures. The bot-
tom up approach promises obtaining
nanostructures with fewer defects
and more homogenous chemical
structures. The top down approach is
more likely to introduce internal
stress, surface defects and contami-
nants.
Nanoparticles are dispersed in finis-
hing or coating media, and then fi-
nish or coating films are formed by a
suitable sol/gel technique. Inorganic
nanoparticles are manufactured by
the latter technique with aerosol pro-
cesses: flame hydrolysis(nanosilica, ti-
tania,alumina, zirconium oxide),
pyrolysis(carbon black), gas conden-
sation(TiO2, Al2O3, CuO, CeO2, ZnO,
ZrO2, Fe2O3,), laser ablation, etc.
The photocatalytic activity of TiO2
and MgO nanoparticles can break
harmful and toxic chemicals and bi-
ological agents. These nanoparticles
can be preengineered to adhere texti-
le substrates by using spray coating or
electrostatic methods. Finishing with
nanoparticles can convert fabrics into
sensor based materials. If nanocrystal-
line piezoceramic particles are incor-
porated into fabrics, the finished fab-
ric can convert exerted mechanical
forces into electrical signals enabling
the monitoring of bodily functions
such as heart rhythm and pule if they
are worn next to skin[1,7].
Silver nanoparticles used in antimicro-
bial and odor control finishes are ma-
nufactured either from ion beam
sputtering of a silver target or from
precipitation of a silver salt soluti-
on[7]. Deposition of silver nanopartic-
les imparts antibacterial properties
while gold nanoparticles allow the
use of molecular ligands so that the
presence of biological compounds in
the surroundings is rapidly detected.
Platinum and palladium nanoparticles
impart catalytic properties such as de-
composition of harmful gases or toxic
industrial chemicals. Metal oxides na-
noparticlespossess photocatalytic and
antibacterial activity and ultraviolet
absorption properties[18].
Antimicrobial finishes
Silver ions have a broad spectrum of
antimicrobial activities. They are belie-
ved to get bound to protein molecu-
les, inhibiting cellular metabolism and
leading to the termination of the
Figure 8. The cross section of silver coated microfiber[16]
microfiber
silver coating
braced silver coat-ing on the fiber
surface
Platinum and palladium nanoparticles impart catalytic properties such as decomposition of harmful gases or toxicindustrial chemicals.
tekstil teknoloji63
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
growth of microorganisms. On acco-
unt of its nontoxic nature, nanosilver
is a biocompatible and can be used to
reduce bacterial counts on nonwoven
materials such as air and water filters,
medical clothing and textile woven
fabrics that come into direct contact
with human skin[18].
Ultraviolet-protection finishes
ZnO nanoparticles score better than
other nanoparticles in terms of cost
effectiveness, whiteness and UV bloc-
king properties. The nanoform of ZnO
will enhance UV blocking properties
due to the increased surface area and
intense absorption in the UV regi-
on[18].
Anti-static
Static charge usually builds up in
synthetic fibres such as nylon and pol-
yester because they absorb little wa-
ter. Cellulosic fibres have higher mois-
ture content to carry away static char-
ges, so that no static charge will accu-
mulate. As synthetic fibres provide
poor anti-static properties, research
work concerning the improvement of
the anti-static properties of textiles by
using nanotechnology were conduc-
ted. It was determined that nano-si-
zed titanium dioxide, zinc oxide whis-
kers, nano antimony-doped tin oxide
(ATO) and silane nanosol could impart
anti-static properties to synthetic fib-
res. TiO2, ZnO and ATO provide anti-
static effects because they are electri-
cally conductive materials. Such mate-
rial helps to effectively dissipate the
static charge which is accumulated on
the fabric. On the other hand, silane
nanosol improves anti-static properti-
es, as the silane gel particles on fibre
absorb water and moisture in the air
by amino and hydroxyl groups and
bound water.
Wrinkle resistance
To impart wrinkle resistance to fabric,
resin is commonly used in conventio-
nal methods. However, there are limi-
tations to applying resin, including a
decrease in the tensile strength of fib-
re, abrasion resistance, water absor-
bency and dyeability, as well as breat-
hability. To overcome the limitations
of using resin, some researchers emp-
loyed nano-titanium dioxide and na-
no-silica to improve the wrinkle resis-
tance of cotton and silk respectively.
Nano-titanium dioxide was employed
with carboxylic acid as a catalyst un-
der UV irradiation to catalyse the
cross-linking reaction between the
cellulose molecule and the acid. On
the other hand, nano-silica was appli-
ed with maleic anhydride as a ca-
talyst; the results showed that the
application of nano-silica with maleic
anhydride could successfully improve
the wrinkle resistance of silk[19].
Easy care finishes
If the critical surface tension of a solid
fabric is greater than or equal to the
surface tension of a liquid, the liquid
will wet the fabric. Fluorocarbons are
organic compounds consisting perflu-
orinated carbon chain. They tend to
decrease the surface tension of the
substrate.
TiO2 coatings have received much at-
tention as photocatalysts in practical
applications such as environental pu-
rification, deodorization, sterilization,
antifouling and self cleaning glass,
owing to their high oxidizing ability,
non toxicity, long term stability and
low cost. Titania coated cotton texti-
Figure 10. The surface of material coated with nanopartic-les[20]
Figure 11. Photocatalyst [21]
Figure 10. The surface of material coated with nanopartic-les[20]
The nanoform of ZnO will enhance UV blocking propertiesdue to the increased surface area and intense absorptionin the UV region
tekstil teknoloji64
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
les possess significant photocatalytic
self cleaning propertiees such as bac-
tericidal activity, colourant stain de-
composition and degradation of red
wine and coffee stains[18]. Lotus lea-
ves are unusually water-repellent and
keep themselves spotless due to
micro protrusions and hydrophobic
wax covering the surface(Figure 9). A
surface with receding and advanced
water contact angle above 150° is
considered to be ultrahydrophobic. In
fact, surfaces with water contact ang-
le more than 150° can be developed
by introducing proper roughness on a
material’s boundary having low surfa-
ce energy .The roughness as well as
surface energy are the factors that
determine wettability of a surface. It
was proved that
increasing the surface roughness en-
hances both hydrophilicity of hydrop-
hilic surfaces and hydrophobicity of
hydrophobic surfaces. Therefore, ad-
dition of nanoparticles to the
hydrophobic/hydrophilic functional
polymers will improve the properties
of the polymer with additional incor-
poration of the functional properties
of nanoparticles(Figure 10)[14]. Alay
et al. studied the effect of plasma tre-
atment of cotton fabrics on fluorocar-
bon-based water-repellent finishing.
It was found that the hydrophobicity
of the fabric is significantly improved
after plasma pretreatment and the
hydrophobic character is maintained
even after five washings with contact
angle higher than 120°. Superhydrop-
hobic surfaces have considerable
technological potential for textile
applications due to their extreme wa-
ter repellent properties. Finished sur-
faces with a high contact angle can
also exhibit a self-cleaning effect. Ex-
tremely waterrepellent superhydrop-
hobic surfaces can be produced using
roughness of nanoparticles combined
with hydrophobicity of polymer mat-
rix[14,16].
Figure 9. AFM surface topography of
lotus leaf and nanostructured surfa-
ce[16]
Photocatalytic self-cleaning textiles
based on nanocrystalline titanium di-
oxide
The nanocrystalline TiO2 coatings(Fi-
Figure 12. Examples of nanoapplications in textiles[22].
Türkiye
tekstil teknoloji66
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
gure 11) that can chemically break
down adsorbed organic contaminants
in sunlight have received much atten-
tion1 due to their potential applicati-
ons ranging from window glass and
cement to textiles. Self-cleaning paint
is currently available in Europe, and
self-cleaning window glass has made
an impact, with several multinational
glazing companies marketing pro-
ducts. In recent years, some other
TiO2-based self-cleaning products
such as ceramics and plastics have be-
come commercially available. The na-
noscaled TiO2 contained in these pro-
ducts can decompose organic conta-
minants and kill bacteria adhering to
the surfaces under UV irradiation[21].
Commercialization of nanofinishing
and nanofibers in textiles
One of the leading companies to imp-
lement the nano-technology is Nano-
TexTM. They have developed several
fabric treatments such as (a) perma-
nent anti-static treatment; (b) wrinkle
free treatment using moisture-wic-
king technology; (c) stain resistance
and oil repellent treatments; and (d)
“nanobeads” to carry bioactive or an-
ti-biological agents, drugs, pharmace-
uticals, sun blocks, and even textile
dyes by developing the novel nano-
technologies (Nano-Care, Nano-Pel,
Nano-Touch and Nano-Press techno-
logy)[5]. Nano-Tex treatments are
applied to a fabric in a "bath." As the
fabric goes through the bath, nano-
particles come in contact with the fi-
bers of the fabric. When the fabric is
cured or heated – the nanoparticles
spread out evenly and bond to the fi-
bers. Treatments are permanent and
do not jeopardize the aesthetic cha-
racteristics or mechanical properties
of the fabric. Treatments can be app-
lied to a number of fibers including
cotton, polyester, silk and wool. A va-
riety of enhancing characteristics can
be imparted to the fabric through the
application of special treatments. Na-
notreated fabrics can be spill resis-
tant, stain proof, wrinkle resistant
and static proof[9].
Resists Spills was one of the first na-
notreatments offered by Nano-Tex. It
can be applied to cotton, polyester,
wool, silk or rayon. Stain release was
designed to mimic the natural charac-
teristics of a plant’s leaves. The surfa-
ce of most leaves is hydrophobic. In a
rain shower, water droplets roll off
the leaf’s surface—carrying away
contaminants(Figure 13). A leaf’s sur-
face is also rough, decreasing the sur-
face’s ability to soak up water. Like a
leaf’s surface, treatments have been
developed to make the fabric ultra-
hydrophobic. Self-cleaning fibers
might eventually replace conventional
fluorochemical based finishes cur-
rently used to provide water repel-
lency. After applying the Resists Spills
treatment, the fabric becomes both li-
quid repellent and stain resistant(Fi-
gure 14). Without ever penetrating
the fabric, liquids such as coffee, wi-
ne, water and salad oil bead up and
roll off the fabric.
Coolest Comfort
Coolest Comfort was released in De-
Figure 13. Mechanism of lotus effect [23].
Figure 14. The lotus effect [24].
Resists Spills was one of the first nanotreatments offeredby Nano-Tex. It can be applied to cotton, polyester, wool,silk or rayon.
tekstil teknoloji68
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
cember 2000. It was initially designed
for synthetics. A Coolest Comfort tre-
atment imparts superior wicking pro-
perties to a previously hydrophobic
synthetic. The treated fabric pulls
away perspiration from the body allo-
wing the wearer to stay dry and com-
fortable. Coolest Comfort is now be-
ing applied to resin treated cotton.
Resins are applied to cotton fabric to
make them wrinkle free. Unfortuna-
tely, the resin treatment blocks cot-
ton’s natural ability to absorb moistu-
re. Coolest Comfort has been specially
formulated to restore the natural wic-
king properties of resin treated cot-
ton.
Resists Static
Resists Static is the first permanent
anti-static treatment for synthetic fi-
bers. Not only does it repel static, but
the treatment also repels statically at-
tractive substances such as dog hair,
lint and dust. Resists Static can be
applied to a variety of fabric construc-
tions including rough textured fleece
and slick suit linings.
Repels and Releases Stains
Repels and Releases Stains is applied
to cotton and polyester/cotton
blends. As the name implies, Repels
and Releases Stains has a built-in du-
al treatment. Once liquid comes in
contact with the fabric, it beads up
and rolls off. If liquids get around this
barrier and into the fabric, the paten-
ted release technology frees it from
the fibers during a typical home laun-
dering cycle.
Products which utilize Nano-Tex treat-
ments meet environmental, health
and safety standards mandated by
the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, the Occupational Safety &
Health Administration and the Consu-
mer Product Safety Commission.
NANO-CARE for stain resistance,
wrinkle resistance and liquid repel-
lency on cotton
NANO-PEL for fabric that breaths yet
remains liquid and stain repellent
NANO-DRY for enhanced fabrics able
to move perspiration awa from the
body, while drying quickly
NANO-TOUCH which gives man made
fabrics the feel and comfort of natu-
ral fabrics
NANO FRESH capture body odor
[18,22,23,24].
Perhaps one of the most widely re-
cognized applications today is the
Figure 15. Shark-skin swimming suit[18].
Figure 16. Nanotechnology applications in textile fabrics[5].
Nanotechnology applications in textile fabrics
Functional finishes (wrinkle, stainand static ressitant fabrics)
Protection against chemical andbiological threads
Developments of nanocompositesfor superior properties
Spinning of functional nanofibers,yarns
Smart and medical textiles tosupport climate control in
garments
Functionalized fabrics for UV protection and deodorizing
properties
Applications in textile manufacturing processs
Applictions of nanotechnology in
textiles
Active and casual dresses military combat outfil
Camouflage and tentssports wear
under garments
climate control garmentselectronic textiles jackets,
glovs etc
medical fabricstissue engineering
composite fabrics andmaterials
protective clothing
tekstil teknoloji69
ELYAF İPLİK FIBRE YARN
shark-skin swimming suit in which the
Olympic swimming champion Michael
Phelps won several new world re-
cords. This suit contains a layer depo-
sited by plasma coating to repel water
molecules, designed to help the
swimmer to glide through the water
with minimum resistance[25].
Recently, Scholler® has developed
technology for dynamic climate con-
trol, known as “soft shells”, for clot-
hings and gloves manufacturing that
are extremely air-permeable, light,
and water & wind resistant. A new
jacket has been developed by Bugatti
with a Nanosphere finish, which has
the moisture management features .
Nanotech has developed socks contai-
ning nanoparticles of silver.
Moreover, Nano-filtration membranes
are being used successfully for the
treatment of dye effluents. These
grafted membranes are capable of re-
moving dyes so that the processed
water can be recycled and reused.
Strong graphite nanofibers have been
developed, which can support large
loads and high pressure at room tem-
perature. A research group in Belgium
is exploring the possibility of develo-
ping novel yarns by melt extruding a
range of nano-additives . Recently, in-
vestigators at USDA have developed a
technology by which the nanocompo-
sites can be developed by using vari-
ety of types/sources of cellulose, such
as grass, kenaf, cotton fiber, cotton
plant material, etc with clays, which is
used as the nanofiller material . Such
composites improve the thermal sta-
bility of the cellulose and it could lead
to the development of a flame retar-
dant end-products such as nonwo-
vens, papers, filament fibers, coa-
tings, etc [5,26].
Starting 1997, textile industry pione-
ers with foresight already using the
nanometer particles to coat on yarns,
fibre and fabric to give innovation to
the industry. There was estimation
that in 2007, the market for the na-
nometer particles application, electro-
nic textiles and wearable electronics
had reached US$13.6 billion and pro-
jected to hit US$115 billion in 2012
[27].
The nanotechnology has incorporated
into $32 billion in manufactured go-
ods in 2005 – more than twice than
the previous year. In 2014, $2.6 trilli-
on in global manufactured goods will
incorporate nanotech, or about 15%
of total output[4].
Rereferences
[1] http://www.landofcotton.com/fc/files/nanodev.pdf
[2] Cem Günesoglu, Dilek Kut and Mehmet Orhan, Per-
forming the Electrospraying Process for the Application of
Textile Nano Finishing Particles, Textile Research Journal,
Vol 80(2): 106–115, 2010
[3] http://www.fruitstree.com/article/the-role-of-nano-
technology-in-textile-chemicals-industry/ Enhancement of
textile
[4] Tatiana Laschuk; José Nascimento & Fernando Oli-
veira, Nanotechnologies as improvement of fashion texti-
le design, 4th International Textile, Clothing & Design
Conference – Magic World of Textiles, October 05th to
08th 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia
[5] Kumar Vikram Singh et al, Applications and future of
nanotechnology in textiles, 2006 Beltwide Cotton Confe-
rences, San Antonio, Texas - January 3 - 6, 2006
[6] http://www.landofcotton.com/fc/files/nanodev.pdf
[7] William C. Smith, Smart textile coatings and lamina-
tes, Woodhead publishing limited, 2010
[ 8 ] h t t p : / / f t p . r t a . n a t o . i n t / p u b l i c / / P u b F u l l -
Text/RTO/EN/RTO-EN-AVT-129bis///EN-AVT-129bis-
05.pdf
[9]www.techexchange.com/thel ibrary/nanotechno-
logy.html
[10] V Parthasarathi, Nano technology adds value to tex-
tile finishing, The Indian Textile Journal January 2008 is-
sue.
[11] http://www.ripublication.com/ijna/ijnav3n2_5.pdf
[12] Tatsuya Hongu, Glyn O. Phillips and Machiko Taki-
gami, New Millennium Fibers, Woodhead publishing in
textiles,2005.
[13] http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?Article-
Id=2402
[14] Sorna Gowri et al, Polymer Nanocomposites for
Multifunctional Finishing of Textiles - a Review, Textile
Research Journal, Vol 80(13): 1290–1306, 2010
[15] http://www.exzellenz.nrw.de/nocl/noth/clus-
ters/highlights/nanotechnology-in-textile-finishing/?L=1
[16] http://www.nanomat.de/pdf/nanovision-beringer.pdf
[17] http://www.czech-in.org/enf2009/ppt/C1_Schollme-
yer_Y.pdf
[18] Q. Wei, Surface modification of textiles, Woolhead
publishing in textiles,2009
[19] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-06-
1.pdf
[20] http://www.flickr.com/photos/basf/4837720180/
[21] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-06-
1.pdf
[22] http://www.scint.nl/docs/Smarttextilesscint.pdf
[23] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-06-1.pdf
[24] http://minatuse.eu/pdf/Nanotechnology_applicati-
ons-5-_-_nanotechnology_and_textile.pdf
[25] http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?Article-
Id=2402
[26] http://www.nano.org.uk/articles/28/
[27]http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServ-
l e t ? p r o g = n o r m a l & i d = A S -
M E C P 0 0 2 0 0 8 0 4 2 9 4 0 0 0 0 7 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 & i d t -
ype=cvips&gifs=yes&ref=no
A research group in Belgium is exploring the possibility ofdeveloping novel yarns by melt extruding a range of nano-additives .
1. Girifl‹nsano¤lu’nun varl›¤›ndan bu güne
kadar, renk hadisesine bir kullan›m
arac›, bir obje olarak bakm›flt›r. Ne gü-
zel k›rm›z› bir etek, veya ne tatl› bir sa-
r› kazak deyip geçmifltir. ‹lerici görüfl,
hissedifl sahipleri (empresyonistler)
rengin farkl›l›¤›n› hissederek çal›flma-
lar yapm›fllard›r. Hepsinin temel ç›k›fl
noktas› ›fl›k sistemidir.
Eski ça¤larda Pythagoras, platon, Aris-
totales ve Plinius gibi yazarlar rengin
do¤as› üzerinde tart›flmalar ve temel
renklerin toprak, atefl, hava ve su gibi
temel ö¤elerin biçimleri oldu¤unu ile-
ri sürmüfllerdir. Rönesas’ta Leonardo
Da Vinci ayn› görüflü savurarak, sar›-
n›n rengin topra¤a yeflil rengin suya,
mavi rengin havaya, k›rm›z› rengin
atefle ve siyah›n karanl›¤a ait oldu¤u-
nu yazm›flt›r. [1]
Buradan anlad›¤›m›z ve ç›karma yap-
t›¤›m›z olgu, rengin; bir yerde tabiat›n
ve bir anlamda da hayat›n kendisi ol-
du¤unu söyleyebiliriz.
Renklerin sistematik olarak s›n›fland›-
r›lmas› ilk olara 1666 y›l›nda Isaac
Newton renk çemberi ile bafllar. New-
ton tüm renklerin beyaz ›fl›k içinde
atom ›fl›nlar› olarak içerdi¤ini öne sür-
müfltür. Yedi temel rengi yedi gezege-
ne ve müzikteki yedi notaya ba¤lam›fl
ve k›rm›z›, turuncu, sar›, yeflil, mavi,
mor’u temel renkler olarak göstermifl-
tir.
Kandinsky ise, renkler ve sesler aras›n-
da sinestezi (duyum ikili¤i) iliflkisini
kurmufltur.18.yüzy›ldan bafllayarak
renk kuramlar› bugünkü anlay›fla ya-
k›nlaflm›flt›r.
1731 y›l›nda J:C Le Blon boya madde-
si (pigment) k›rm›z›, sar› ve mavinin
temel renkler oldu¤unu bulmufltur. Le
Blon 1759 y›l›nda yay›mlad›¤› renk ko-
nusundaki tezi bugünkü üç temel
renk kuram›n›n kaynad›¤› olmufltur.
Bu kuram bir çok bilim adam›, sanatç›
ve düflünür taraf›nda tart›fl›lm›flt›r.Bu
tart›flmac›lardan ressam Philippe Otto
runge ve flair Johann Wolfgang Von
Goethe iser yaln›zca mavi ve sar›y› te-
mel renk olarak kabul etmifllerdir.[2]
1756 y›l›nda Morris Harris a tüm renk-
leri içeren ilk dairesel flemay› Natural
Systen of Colours adl› kitab›nda yay›n-
lam›flt›r. 1810 y›l›nda Goethe bir da-
iresi ve üçgeni, Runge ise tüm renk,
ton, pastel ve gölgelerin bir arada dü-
zenli bir biçimde yer ald›¤› renk küre-
sini tasarlam›flt›r. 1839 y›l›nda Frans›z
kimyac› Michel- Eugene Chevreul te-
mel renk kuram›n› gelifltirmifltir.
1898’de Albert H. Munsell renk flema-
lar›n› gelifltirmifltir[3], [4],[5].
Renge görsel alg› olarak yaklaflan
araflt›rmac›lar ise temel alg›lanan
renklerin k›rm›z›, sar›, yeflil, mavi oldu-
¤unu öne sürmüfllerdir. Renkler çö-
zümlendi¤inde renklerin özü sar› ya
da mavi oldu¤u, tonu parlakl›¤›, aç›k-
l›¤›, koyulu¤unu, renk de¤eri (yo¤un-
lu¤u) ise ar›l›¤› ve gücü belirtti¤ini
söylemifllerdir. Renkler s›cak ve so¤uk
renkler olmak üzere ve birincil, ikincil,
üçüncül renkler olmak üzere s›n›flan-
d›r›l›r. Örne¤in, sar›, k›rm›z›, turuncu
s›cak renkler olarak tan›mlan›r ve alg›-
lan›rken, mavi, yeflil, mor so¤uk renk
olarak tan›mlan›r. ‹nsan gözü so¤uk
renk ayr›m›n› daha az yapabildi¤inden
görebildi¤i s›cak renk say›s› daha faz-
lad›r.
Gelifltirilmifl bir renk küresinde orta
çizgide birincil ve ikincil renkler, mer-
keze do¤ru üçüncül renkler, merkez-
de gri, kutuplar›n birinde beyaz, di¤e-
rinde siyah vard› [5]
1.1. Renk Kavram› Ve ‹nsan Yafla-
m›nda Etkisi
Renk; göze gelen bir ›fl›k tesiridir. Ifl›-
¤›n bir materyale çarpmas› ve yans›-
yan ›fl›nlar›n gözümüzde meydana ge-
tirdi¤i duyumlar›n her birine renk de-
nir. Üç sistemde ele al›n›r. 1) Psikolo-
jik sistem: Bu sistemde renk, beyinde
uyarlanan bir duyumdur. 2) Fizyolojik
sistemde renk; çeflitli dalga boylar›n-
daki ›fl›klar›n göz retinas› üzerinde si-
nirler vas›tas›yla meydana getirilen bir
Tekstil Sanayiinde Spektrofotometre’nin Kullan›m› ve ÖnemiMenderes KoyuncuY.Y.Üniversitesi, Van Meslek Yüksekokulu, Tekstil Program›,
tekstil teknoloji70
BOYA BASKI TERBİYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING
fiekil.1. Rengin üç sistemde ele al›n›fl› ve rengin beyindealg›lanmas›
tekstil teknoloji72
BOYA BASKI TERBİYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING
olayd›r.
3) Fiziksel sistemde renk; ›fl›k spektru-
mu ile ölçülen rakamlarla belirtilen bir
olayd›r. Ifl›¤›n hangi dalga uzunlu¤u-
nun hangi oranda bulundu¤u esast›r.
Fizikçiler, rengi optik bir hayal olarak
tan›mlar ve fizik bak›m›mdan renk,
titreflimde ›fl›k dalgalar›ndan ibarettir.
Her renk belirli dalga boylar›nda görü-
lürler örne¤in k›rm›z› 700nm dalga
boyunda mor 380-400nm dalga, ye-
flil 550 nm dalga boyunda görülür[5].
Bu nedenle renk anlam› üç sistemde
ele al›n›r:
a) Ifl›k kayna¤›
b) Madde
c) Sa¤l›kl› bir göz
Günümüzde birçok kurulufl renklerin
gizemli gücüne inanm›fl ve bu gücü
gerek ürün ve gerekse de hizmet pa-
zarlamada kullanm›fllard›r. Örne¤in;
kasaplar›n et reyonlar› duvarlar›n›n ye-
flil renk olmas›, etin taze ve k›rm›z› gö-
rünmesini sa¤lamas›ndan ötürüdür.
Lokantalar›n, pastanelerin turuncu,
pembe ve siyah tonlarda boyanm›fl
olmas› ifltah› art›raca¤› bilindi¤inden-
dir. Ma¤azalar›n dekoru ve ambalaj
renkleri olmak üzere bilerek veya bil-
meyerek uyum yakalamaya ve ürünle-
ri belli renkler ile özdefllefltirmeye çal›-
flarak sat›fl› art›rm›fllard›r. Birçok kuru-
lufl da fark›nda olmadan renklerin gü-
cünü kullanmaktad›r Herhangi bir al›fl
verifl merkezinde bir sürü ürünün ba-
fl›nda durup bir seçim yaparken bilin-
çalt›m›z› renkler yönlendirmektedir
[5]. En basit bir flekilde, içeceklerin ve-
ya yiyeceklerin üzerindeki renkli am-
balaj ka¤›d›n› ç›kar›ld›¤›nda, içme ve-
ya yeme iste¤inin kendili¤inden kalkt›-
¤› görülecektir.
Düflünüldü¤ünde, insan›n zekas›, ye-
tene¤i, zevkleri, hangi tatlardan hofl-
lanaca¤› ve hangi renklere düflkün
olaca¤› daha do¤du¤unda bellidir.
De¤iflmez bunlar, çocukken ne ise bü-
yüdü¤ünde de odur. Bir insan yedisin-
de ne ise yetmifline de odur atasözün-
deki gibi. Kader denilen fleyde bu, biz
do¤arken çizilen s›n›rlar. Hangi alan-
larda dolaflaca¤›m›z daha bafltan belli-
dir.
Zaten insanlar, binlerce y›llardan beri
bunu tart›fl›r. Hayat›m›z›n ne kadar›
kader taraf›ndan belirlenir, ne kadar›
bizim taraf›m›zdan kendi hayat›m›z›n
ak›fl›nda ne kadar söz sahibiyiz. Kade-
rin daha a¤›r bast›¤›na inan›yorum.
Örne¤in yetenek do¤du¤umuzdan
daha fazlas› olamaz. Büyüdü¤ümüzde
onu biraz gelifltirebiliriz, belki kullan-
may› ö¤renebiliriz ama sahip oldu¤u-
muz yetene¤i ne azaltabilir nede ço-
¤altabiliriz. Açaca¤›n›z çiçek tohumu-
nuzun içinde tafl›d›¤›ndan büyük ola-
maz. Yani çocukken hangi zevkler-
den, renklerden hofllan›yorsan›z büyü-
dü¤ünüzde de o kadar zevkli ve renk-
lisiniz. Kaderin s›n›rlar›ndan biridir
renk. Hepimiz s›n›rlar›m›zla do¤ar›z,
büyüdükçe bu s›n›rlar›m›z› alg›lar›z.
‹nsan bu s›n›rl›l›klardan büyüdükçe bi-
raz s›k›l›r yapamad›klar› için üzülür ve
kadere yüklenir. Zevkler ve renklerde
böyledir. Öyle e¤itimli insanlar görü-
rüz ki zevksizdir[6]. Belki, onun için
derler, zevkler ve renkler tart›fl›lmaz
diye. Çünkü renk bir kaderdir, do¤ufl-
tan bellidir. Bunu içindir ki birçok
renkle ilgi çal›flmalarda, renk tan›m›n-
dan bahsedilirken renk bir hayatt›r de-
nilmektedir.
2. Spektroskopi:
Spektroskopinin temelleri 1665-1666
y›llar›nda, ›fl›¤› bir prizmadan geçire-
rek K›rm›z›dan, Mor’a do¤ru yedi ren-
ge ay›ran Newton taraf›ndan at›lm›fl-
t›r.
19 yüz y›l›n›n sonu do¤ru ‹ngiliz fizik-
çi James Clerk Maxwell ›fl›¤›n elektro-
manyetik teorisini kurarak, elektro-
manyetik dalgalar›n varl›¤›n› matema-
tiksel olarak kan›tlad›.1888 de Alman
fizikçi Heinrich Hertz taraf›ndan de-
neysel olarak gösterildi. Bu çal›flmalar
sonunda trikromatik renkli re prodük-
siyonun ve kolorimetrenin temelini or-
taya koymufltur[7].
Elektromanyetik spektrumundaki ›fl›n-
lar›n madde ile etkileflmesinin incelen-
mesine spektroskopi denir. Spektros-
kopi ile çok bileflenli kar›fl›mlar›n kim-
yasal analizi çok k›sa surede ve en az
hata ile yap›labilmektedir. Elektro-
manyetik ›fl›ma ile madde aras›ndaki
farkl› etkileflmelere dayan›larak geliflti-
rilen spektroskopilerden baz›lar›; IRfiekil 2. Ifl›¤›n prizmadan geçirilmesi ile k›rm›z›dan- mo-ra do¤ru renk tayft›
tekstil teknoloji73
BOYA BASKI TERBİYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING
(K›z›l ötesi) spektroskopsi, .UV-VIS (mor ötesi ve görünür bölge) spektroskopisi, RS
(Raman) spektroskopisi, MS (Mössbauer) spektroskopisi, NMR (Nük.Mag. Res.) spek-
roskopisi,ESR (elektron spin rezonans) spektroskopisi, AS (auager) spektroskopisi [8]
Is›t›larak ya da ›fl›nlanarak yani fotonlarla bombard›man edilerek uyar›lan bir madde-
nin yayd›¤› ›fl›nlar›n analiz edilmesine yayma (emission) spektrumu, madde üzerine
sürekli gönderilen ›fl›nlardan maddeyi geçebilenlerin analiz edilmesinden ise so¤urma
(absorption) spektrumu elde edilir. ‹flte spektroskopik çal›flmalar s›ras›nda madde ta-
raf›ndan absorplanan veya yay›lan ›fl›nlar›n dalya boylar›n›n belirlenmesine spektro-
fotometri denir[8].
3. Tekstil Sanayinde Spektrofotometrenin Kullan›m›
Tekstil sanayi iflletmelerinde, boyahanenin ayr› bir önemi vard›r. Bu sanayi bir vücut
gibi düflünülürse, boyahane bu vücudun kalbidir. Di¤er üniteler, buradan gelecek
boyal› elyaf›n durumuna göre üretime bafllar. Bu nedenle boyahane de boyanacak el-
yaf›n daha önce bir reçetesi haz›rlanmam›fl ise, laboratuarda istenilen renkte numu-
ne h›zl› bir flekilde tutturulmas› ve reçetesi haz›rlanmas› zorunludur. Bu ifllem, ne ka-
dar tecrübeli elemanlar taraf›ndan yap›lsa da zaman almakta çok küçük de olsa ba-
zen hedef numune aras›nda nüans farklar› olabilmektedir.
fiekil 3. Spektrofotometre ile renkli elyaf›n L?a? b? de¤erlerinin ölçümü
tekstil teknoloji74
BOYA BASKI TERBİYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING
Spektrofotometre cihaz› ve yaz›l›m
program›, yukar›da belirtilen boyaha-
ne olumsuzluklar›n› ve çal›flandan
meydana gelebilecek hatalar› minimu-
ma indirgemektedir.
Cihaz›n ilk önce siyah ve beyaz kalib-
rasyonu yap›larak s›f›r noktas› tesit
edilir. Hedef numune flekilde görüldü-
¤ü gibi cihaz›n numune k›sm›na konu-
larak okumas› yap›l›r ve ölçümün L*a*
b* c*h* de¤erlerine ulafl›l›r.
Burada L (Lightness); Aç›kl›k-Koyuluk
eksenindeki noktas›, a* (Green- Red
axis); Yeflil - k›rm›z› eksenindeki nok-
tas›, b? (Blue – Yellow axis) mavi - sa-
r› eksenindeki noktas› c* ( Chromati-
city); parlakl›k-matl›k eksenindeki
noktas›, h*(Hue); CMC-LCH Renk
uzay›nda rengin aç›sal olarak bulun-
du¤u noktay› gösterir.
Bu verilerden yola ç›k›larak tablo 1’de-
ki verilerde görüldü¤ü gibi örnek ve
hedef numune aras›ndaki delta L, del-
ta a ve delta b de¤erlerinin fark›na
ulafl›l›r[9].
Bu ölçümlerin anlam› CIE L*a* b*
uzay sisteminde anlam› fludur: delta L
= 0.50 yani + de¤erde oldu¤u için he-
def numune standart numune göre
daha koyuda, delta a* = -2.22 hedef
numune standart numune göre daha
yeflil ve delta b* = -3.00 hedef numu-
ne standartta göre daha mavi oldu¤u
yorumu yap›l›r[10], [11]
4. Sonuç
• Spektrofotometre cihaz› ve yaz›l›m
program›; gözün ve beyinin ortak ça-
l›flmas› sonucu oluflan rengi, say›sal
de¤erlere dökerek, rengin özel de¤er-
lendirmesini, nesnel de¤erlendirebil-
me haline getirmifltir.
• Tekstil sanayiinde, boyahane Labo-
ratuar›nda renk tutturma ve reçete
haz›rlama iflinde çal›flanlar, nüans
farklar›n› say›sal de¤erlerle yani somut
ifadelerle aç›klamak flanslar›na sahip
olabilmektedir.
• Spektrofotometrenin kullan›m› ile
hedef numunenin, CIE L*a* b* de-
¤erleri okunarak renk tutturmada bu
de¤erler yard›mc› olabilmektedir.
Kakynaklar
[1] www.wikipedia.org. (01/03/ 2007)
[2] www.geocities.com (01/03/2007)
[3]www.munecc›m. com (19/01/2009)
[4] www.renkcenter.com (16/01/2009)
[5] Dölen, E., 1992. Tekstil Tarihi, Marmara üniv.
Teknik E¤itim Fak. 92/1. 458-475.‹stanbul.
[6] Altan, A., 2007. Çocukluk ve kader, Pazar Hürri-
yet, Hürriyet gazetesi,29 Temmuz, 2007.
[7] Dölen, E., Reprodüksiyon Kimyas›, Marmara
Üniv. Teknik E¤itim Fak. 94/11. 47- 49. ‹stanbul.
[8] Gündüz, T., 1986. Instrümental Analiz Ders kita-
b›, Ankara Üniv. Fen Fak. Yay›nlar›,46 -154. Ankara.
[9] Konica minolta,2004. Prec›se Color Communica-
tion
[10] Koyuncu, M., Kul, A.R., Van ve Hakkari ‹li kilim-
lerinde kullan›lan bitkisel boyamalardan kök boya,
ceviz kabu¤u, sumak, k›z›la¤aç, nane, ve so¤an kabu-
¤u ekstrakt› ile boyanan atk› ipliklerinin y›kama has-
l›klar›n›n karfl›laflt›r›lmas›, Tekstil Teknolojileri ve
Tekstil makineleri kongresi, 11-12 kas›m 2005, Gazi-
antep, Turkey, 2005, pp.177-183.
[11] Koyuncu, M., 2007. Investigation of Colorimet-
ric Properties of Woolen Yarn Dyed with Rheum Ri-
bes Plant Root Extract, Asian journal of chemistry.
Vol.19(5) 4043-4051.
fiekil 4.L?a? b? Lightness ve kromatik diyagram
Tablo 1. Standart numune ile hedef numunenin CIE L*a* b* uzay sisteminde L*a*b* ölçüm de¤erleri
Spectrophotometer of use and Importance in Textile Industry
tekstil teknoloji76
BOYA BASKI TERBİYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING
1.Introduction
Mankind's existence to this day, use of
color incident to a vehicle, has been re-
garded as an object. What a beautiful
red skirt, or a yellow jersey in the his-
tory of what is sweet. Progressive point
of view, leaving owners feeling (in Im-
pressionists) were conducted by feeling
the color difference. All of the main
starting point is the lighting system.
In ancient times, Pythagoras, Plato,
Aristotle, and authors like Plinius deba-
te on the nature of color and basic co-
lor of earth, fire, air and water are the
basic elements of the format sugges-
ted. Leonardo Da Vinci Rönesas'ta tos-
sing the same view, the yellow green
color, the color of the ground water,
the blue color, air, fire red and black
belong to the darkness has written. [1]
We do understand and remove the ca-
se here, the color and one location in a
sense of nature and life itself seems to
be The first systematic classification of
color in 1666 to Isaac Newton's color
circle that starts with. Newtonian atoms
of all the colors in white light rays have
been suggested as containing., the se-
ven Seven basic colors notes of music
and connect to the seven planets, and
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purp-
le has been shown as the main color
Kandinsky, the color and tone between
synesthesia (a sense of duality), current
understanding of color theory in relati-
on to the start kurmufltur.18yüzy›ldan
become close In 1731 J: C. Le Blonde
dye (pigment) in red, yellow and blue
primary colors are found. Le Blonde, re-
leased in 1759 for a thesis about the
color of today's three basic color theory
that has been boiled. A lot of this the-
ory, scientists, artists, painters and thin-
kers from contention by Philippe Otto
Runge tart›fl›lm›flt›r.Bu poet Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe isere and only
the basic colors of blue and yellow we-
re considered. [2]
In 1756 Morris Harris, a first circular di-
agram containing all the colors of the
Natural System of Colours in her book
published. In 1810, a circle and triang-
le of Goethe, Runge all the colors, to-
nes, and pastel shades in one color on
a regular basis, where the spheres we-
re designed. French chemist Michel-Eu-
gene Chevreul in 1839 developed the
basic color theory. In 1898, Albert H.
Munsell color chart developed [3], [4],
[5]. Visual perception of color as close
to the perceived color of the researc-
hers, the basic red, yellow, green, blue,
they argued. Is resolved in the colors
yellow or blue color is the essence of
the tone of the brightness, clarity, con-
sistency, color value (density) indicates
the purity and strength were saying.
Warm and cold colors to color and pri-
mary, secondary and tertiary colors to
be classified. For example, yellow, red,
orange, while warm colors and percep-
tion is described as blue, green, purple
color is described as cold. Human eye
could see, it can be less cold color sepa-
ration is more than the number of hot
colors.
The center line of a color developed in
the sphere of primary and secondary
colors, tertiary colors to the center,
central gray, and white on one of the
poles, there was black on the other [5]
1.1. In Living Color Concept and Inf-
luence People
Color, a light from the eye is affected.
Shock and the reflected light rays into a
material that has caused our eyes to
each of the color sensations are called.
In the three systems will be discussed
Psychological System: This system color,
a sensation in the brain is adapted. 2)
Physiological system colors various wa-
velengths of light on the retina of the
eye is an event that brought to the ner-
ves by caused . 3)The physical system
colors in the light spectrum is measured
by an event specified in figures Physi-
cists, color, optics and physics, descri-
bed as a dream of my care, color, vib-
ration consists of a light wave Each co-
lor can be seen in certain wavelengths
such as violet red 380-400nm wave at
a wavelength of 700nm, green is at a
wavelength of 550 nm [5].
Because of these three systems are ta-
ken in color meaning:
a) Light source
b) Material
c) A healthy eye
Today, many organizations believe in
the power of color, and this mysterious
power of both product and service
markets, both were used. For example,
the butcher of the wall of the booth to
be green, red meat, make it appear
fresh. Restaurants, bakeries and oran-
Menderes KoyuncuYuzuncu Y›l University, Van Vocational School of Higher Education, Department of Textile
Fig. 1. Illumination, Eye, Brain and Red is perceived.
tekstil teknoloji78
BOYA BASKI TERBİYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING
ge, is painted in shades of pink and
black are known to increase appetite
Packaging colors and decor of the sto-
res to knowingly or unknowingly, and
compliance products to capture specific
colors were associated with trying to
increase sales. Unconsciously, many or-
ganizations are using the power of co-
lor. A lot of the product in any shop-
ping center, standing and making a se-
lection of our subconscious directs co-
lors [5]. The most simple way, over
drinks or food is off-colored wrapping
paper, drinking or eating on the requ-
est will automatically be lifted. Given
that human intelligence, talent, taste,
which tastes like and what colors will
be keen to be born again he is certain
They do not change, what it is, as a
child when he is grown. What is a man
seventy-seven is the byword on that as
well. This thing called destiny, we plot-
ted limits when born Is clear from the
outset in which areas we will move. Pe-
ople are already thousands of years to
discuss it.Fate is determined by how
much of our lives and how much by us
in the flow of our own lives what we
are up to have a say I believe that the
fate of the more serious. For example,
more talent we can not be born. When
we grow we can improve it slightly But
perhaps we can learn to use what we
have to reduce the ability of what we
can multiply.Flower seeds can not be
larger than you would carry in your. So
what pleasures as a child, when he
grows up, if you like colors are fun and
colorful
This is one of the fate of the border co-
lor. We are all born with our limitations
we grow our borders as we perceive it.
People doing this are limited grow a
little tired and sad fate for not loaded
the taste and color is such We see that
educated people are so jaded [6]. Per-
haps, will say to him, he will not discuss
tastes and colors.Because the color is a
destiny, is evident from birth. Interest
for this study is that in many colors and
color definitions are talking about is
called a life colors.
2. Spectroscopy
The foundations of spectroscopy in the
years 1665-1666, through a prism of
light from the red, purple towards se-
parating into seven colors have been
taken by Newton. Towards the end of
19th century British physicist James
Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
of light, the existence of electromagne-
tic waves to the German physicist Hein-
rich Hertz. 1888 mathematically as
shown by the experiments. Trikromatik
colored resin production at the end of
this work and reveal the basis of the co-
lorimeter [7] Spectrum of electromag-
netic radiation interaction with matter
is called spectroscopy to examine Spec-
troscopy and chemical analysis of mul-
ticomponent mixtures in a very short
period of time and be done with a mi-
nimum of errors Electromagnetic radi-
ation and matter between the different
interactions based on the developed
spectroscopy Some of the IR (infrared)
spektroskopsi. UV-VIS (ultraviolet and
visible) spectroscopy, RS (Raman) spec-
troscopy, MS (Mössbauer) spectros-
copy, NMR (Nük.Mag. res.) Spectros-
copy, ESR (electron spin resonance)
spectroscopy, AS (auager) spectroscopy
[8] Heating or by radiation by that fo-
tonlarla bombarded by warnings of a
substance emitted radiation to analyze
emission (emission) spectrum, matter
on the continuous delivery of radiation
from the material passed analyzed the
absorption (absorption) spectra are ob-
tained Here is the article during the
Fig. 2 The electromagnetic Spectram.
Table.1. The Values of L* a* b Color Space
tekstil teknoloji79
BOYA BASKI TERBİYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING
spectroscopic study of radiation emit-
ted by absorplanan or dahlia called
spectrophotometry to the determinati-
on of size [8].
3. Spectrophotometer use in In-
dustry
Textile industry enterprises, the dye has
a different significance This industry is
considered as a body, paint shop is the
heart of this body Other units, accor-
ding to the state where the future pro-
duction of dyed fibers begins. Therefo-
re, to dye the fiber before the dyeing is
a prescription not prepared in a labora-
tory and kept in the desired color in the
sample to be quickly prepared and is to
be prescribed This procedure, perfor-
med by experienced personnel how to
take very small, even though it someti-
mes nuanced differences between the
samples can be targeted. Spectropho-
tometer device and software program,
the above-mentioned disadvantages of
dye may occur, and employee errors
are minimized The first done in black
and white zero-point calibration is tesit.
As shown in the target sample is placed
in the reading portion of the device is
value of h is reached? ? b c ? ? ?samp-
ling and measurement of L* a* b* c*
h*
Where Lightness variable L*
Chromaticity coordinates a* and b*
Figure 4, shows some of the terms used
to describe differences in lightness and
chroma , the terms shown in this figu-
re indicate the direction of color diffe-
rence, but unless an additional modifi-
er is uded , they do not indicate the
degree of color difference. –a is the
gren direction, +a is the red direction, -
b is the blue direction and +b is the yel-
low direction As snown Table 1 . The
value of ¢L* = + 0.50 which means that
the color of materail so is more slight-
ly. ¢a = -2.22 means that the color of
material is more green as target color.
¢b = -3.00 means that the color of ma-
terial is closer to the +b axis, and so si
more yellow as target color.
4. Conclusions
Spectrophotometer device and softwa-
re program, the eye and the color of
the brain as a result of joint work, put
into numerical values, the color of a
special assessment, objective assess-
ment has been made toTextile industry,
dye lab and prescription preparation of
color keep employees at work, the nu-
ances of difference in numerical values
that may have the chance to explain
with a concrete expression Spectropho-
tometer b aware that the values held
with the use of the target samples, a
CIE L* a* b by reading color values
can help
References
[1] www.wikipedia.org. (01/03/ 2007)
[2] www.geocities.com (01/03/2007)
[3]www.munecc›m.com (19/01/2009)
[4]www.renkcenter.com (16/01/2009)
[5] Dölen, E., 1992. Tekstil Tarihi, Marmara üniv. Teknik
E¤itim Fak. 92/1. 458-475.‹stanbul.
[6] Altan, A., 2007. Çocukluk ve kader, Pazar Hürriyet,
Hürriyet gazetesi,29 Temmuz, 2007.
[7] Dölen, E., Reprodüksiyon Kimyas›, Marmara Üniv. Tek-
nik E¤itim Fak. 94/11. 47- 49. ‹stanbul.
[8] Gündüz, T., 1986. Instrümental Analiz Ders kitab›, An-
kara Üniv. Fen Fak. Yay›nlar›,46 -154. Ankara.
[9] Konica minolta,2004. Prec›se Color Communication
[10] Koyuncu, M., Kul, A.R., Van ve Hakkari ‹li kilimlerinde
kullan›lan bitkisel boyamalardan kök boya, ceviz kabu¤u,
sumak, k›z›la¤aç, nane, ve so¤an kabu¤u ekstrak-
t› ile boyanan atk› ipliklerinin y›kama hasl›klar›n›n karfl›lafl-
t›r›lmas›, Tekstil Teknolojileri ve Tekstil makineleri kongresi,
11-12 kas›m 2005, Gaziantep, Turkey, 2005, pp.177-183.
[11] Koyuncu, M., 2007. Investigation of Colorimetric Pro-
perties of Woolen Yarn Dyed with Rheum Ribes Plant Root
Extract, Asian journal of chemistry. Vol.19(5) 4043-405
Fig.3. The L* a* b values measuring with using spectrophotometer
Fig.4. Lightness and Chromaticity Diag-ram
Elitez Tekstil Mak. San. ve Tic. A.Ş.
Nispetiye Mah. Birlik Sok., Engin sitesi,
Kalender apt./1m 1. Levent/Istanbul
tel.: 0212 28304 71 (pbx)
faks: 0212 2848327
126
YEARS18842010
MONFORTS`un evrensel modül ramöz
tarzı, tesisin çok yönlü kullanım saha-
ları yanında arzu edilen bütün terbiye
efektleri için kişisel imkanlar sun-
maktadır. Hem dokuma hem örgü
kumaşlar için, kendini ispatlamış
SPS kumandası “QUALITEX“, eşi benzeri
olmayan “TWINAIR“ sistemi ve bakım
gerektirmeyen zincir tekniği ile
MONFORTS, günün modası gibi çok
yönlü ramöz teknolojisi üretmektedir.
Ramöz yanında hem dokuma hem
de örgü kumaşlar için Sanfor,
E-CONTROL diye kontinü boyama
ve termozol tesisleri ve gergisiz
kurutma makinaları üretilmektedir.