Team Skills Training

8/2/2019 Team Skills Training

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An Introduction to

TeamworkAuthored by Andrea White, PhD and

Valerie West, EdD for the C3 Initiative


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Teaching Team Skills:Goals for Today

Introduction to TeamCompetencies/ Content for

teachingTeam exercise as an example

Observation and Feedback

Review Handbook Contents

Questions and evaluation


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What is a Team?

Two or moreindividuals with a highdegree of

interdependencegeared toward theachievement of a goalor the completion of atask.

Teams makedecisions, solveproblems, provide

support, accomplishmissions and lan


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How is a Team Different from a

Group or Committee? Teams embody a collective action arising out of

task interdependency

Members of the team agree on the goal

Members agree that they must work together toachieve the goal

Each member is viewed as having one or moreimportant roles to play to successfully achieve thegoal

There is less hierarchy within the unit than in most

work groups


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Why is Teamwork Important in

Healthcare?While our healthcare delivery system has the

potential to be outstanding, our system currently is

not as safe, effective, or efficient as it should be.

Promoting teamwork and good communicationamong health professionals can dramatically improve

healthcare delivery, resulting in much better outcomesfor our patients.

How do we know this?


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There are Many Types of Teams

Examples of Teams:

Athletic Team people working together to win a gameNatural Work Group people working together every

day in same office with similar processes andequipmentBusiness Team cross-functional team overseeing a

specific product line or customer segmentImprovement Team ad hoc team with responsibility

for improving an existing processHealthcare Team several healthcare professionalsworking closely together for the benefit of a patient orgroup of patients


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When to use a team?

Quality and Acceptance

Low Quality/

Low acceptance

Flip a coin

High Quality/

Low acceptance

Ask an Expert

Low Quality/High Acceptance

Group decision

High Quality/High acceptance

Team Consensus


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Understanding

group behavior

Group Content - what is being said, the words, thediscussion

Group Process - how the group works, methods,

ways of making decisions, how people participate


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Aspects of Group Process:CommunicationWho talks to whom?

Who interrupts and how is it handled?

How are quiet members treated?High and low participators? Shifts in

participation levels?

Do people look at each other when they talk?

How are new members treated?


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Aspects of Group Process:Decision -making

What process does the group use to make decisions?

Is the process agreed upon by everyone?

Does the process change as group proceeds?

Does anyone make a decision and carry it out withoutagreement from the others?

Is there evidence of a majority pushing a decision

Are minority opinions heard?


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Aspects of Group Process:

Problem-solvingDoes the group take time to understand the

problem?

Is the problem well articulated?Is there time for brainstorming creative

solutions?

Can the group move to from problemidentification, identifying possible solutions, toselecting solutions and implementation?


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Group Problem Solving

Listen forcommon

Themes

Organize ideas

Evaluatealternatives

Manage conflict

Involvepeople

Getinformation

Developplan

Generate ideas

Assignresponsibilities

Findresources

Monitorprogress

Motivate

Details/Fi

nish

Presentation

IDENTIFYPROBLEM


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Recognizing Dysfunctional

BehaviorBlocking

Aggression

DominatingWithdrawing

Out of field behavior


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Team Roles: Task

Initiating Seeking and Giving Information

Clarifying Summarizing Consensus TakingAccountability


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Team Roles: Relationships

Communication Gatekeeping

Encouraging

Resolving Conflict

Acknowledging Feelings

Setting Standards/Norms

Openness


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Attitudes for Effective Teamwork

Appreciation for value of team decisions

Respect for team members

Mutual trust

Openness to feedback

Reflection on group process and interest inimproving

Shared vision


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Team Exercise

Instructions forObservers

Instructions for Team

membersTeam Exercise

Scoring, Teammembers and

Observer commentsDiscussion


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What are Characteristics of

Effective Teams?Members have a clear goal

The focus is on achieving results

There is a plan for achieving the goal

Members have clear rolesMembers are committed to the goal

Members are competent

They achieve decisions through consensus

There is diversity among team membersMembers have effective interpersonal skills

They know each other well and have good relationships


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More Characteristics

Each member feels empowered to act, speak up, offerideas

Each member has a high standard of excellence

An informal climate and easiness exists among members

The team has the support of managementThe team is open to new ideas

There is periodic self-assessment

There is shared leadership of the team

The team is a relatively small sizeThere is recognition of team member accomplishments

There are sufficient resources to support the team work


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Effective Team-Building Takes Time

There must befrequent andprolonged contact

Team members cometogether around aspecific goal or project

Effective teams gothrough four stages ofteam development


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What are the Four Stages of Team

Development?Forming

Storming

NormingPerforming

Every effective teamgoes through theselife cycle stages


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Forming

Team members areintroduced and begingetting to know eachother

Goals and tasks areestablished

Generally politebehavior among

membersNorms are not

understood


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Storming

Members are sizingeach other up and mayfeel more comfortableand voice their views

Members may competefor team roles

May argue about goalsor how they should be

accomplishedMay choose sides

against other members


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Norming

Once issues areresolved, agreementoccurs around teamnorms and

expectations

Trust and commoninterests are

developing

Roles and objectivesare clarified and

understood


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Performing

Members makecontributions and aremotivated by results

Leadership is shared

according to membersknowledge and skills

Norms and culture arewell understood

Tasks get accomplishedeffectively and efficiently


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References

Thiagarajan, S. and Parker, G. (1999). Teamwork and Teamplay. SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.

Dean, P., LaVallee, R., & McLaughlin, C. (1999). Teams at the core of

continuous learningin McLaughlin, & Kaluzny, A. (eds.) Continuous QualityImprovement in Health Care: Theory, Implementation, and Applications, 147 168.

Documents

Team Skills Training