1

Strategies for Compliance of BS V / BS VI

Legislations on Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicles

KVR Babu

Continental Emitec

ECT – 2015, New Delhi

Agenda

• Diesel Engines

• Legislations

• Aftertreatment

• Requirements / Challenges

• CNG Engines

• Legislations

• Aftertreatment

• Requirements / Challenges

• Summary

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

CO HC NOx PM x 100

BS IV BS V BS VI

HCV Diesel (GVW>3500 kg) Emission values (g/kWh)

Legislations Trend BS IV → BS V → BS VI

Cycle

ESC - BS IV & BS V

WHSC - BS VI

Particle No. Limit for

BS VI : 8 x 10 11

72%

80% 50%

43%

BS IV

Aftertreatment System Trend BS IV → BS V → BS VI

(Diesel Engines)

PM

[m

g/k

Wh

]

NOx [g/kWh] 1

40

20

4 2 6

BS V

BS VI

0 3

SF

C

Technologies:

1. Combustion Improvements

2. DOC + DPF + SCR

Technologies:

1.Combustion Improvement

2.EGR + DOC+ PFF

3. SCR (or DOC + SCR)

Technologies:

1.Combustion Improvement

2.EGR + DOC

3.EGR + DOC + PFF

4.SCR ( or DOC + SCR) 10

30

Aftertreatment Systems: DOC

Catalyst Housing

Exhaust gas

from engine

HC

CO

NOx

PM(SOF + IOF) CO2

H2O

Substrate coated with Catalyst

(HC, CO & SOF are converted)

Carrier material : Metal or Ceramic

SOF + O2 CO2 + H2O

NOx

PM(IOF)

n m

Main Function :

Particulate Matter

Trapping and Passive

Regeneration

Partial Flow Filter

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Main Function :

NO2 Generation

SOF Conversion

DOC + Partial Flow Filter

C + NO2 → NO + CO/CO2

Regeneration reaction in PFF

Diesel Particulate Filter

CO

HCs

PAHs

Selective Catalytic Reaction System (SCR)

Option

Urea Tank &

Dosing Pump

NO2 formation: 2 NO + O2 2 NO2 Improvement of the NO/NO2 ratio for fast

SCR reaction

NH3 formation {(NH2)2CO •7H2O}fl {(NH2)2CO}fl + 7 H2O Water evaporation

{(NH2)2CO}fl HNCO + NH3 Thermolysis of urea

HNCO + H2O CO2 + NH3 Hydrolysis of isocyanuric acid

NOx reduction: 4 NO + O2 + 4 NH3 4 N2 + 6 H2O Standard reaction with NO

2 NO2 + 2 NO + 4 NH3 4 N2 + 6 H2O Fast reaction with NO+NO2

NH3-Clean up : 4 NH3 + 3 O2 2 N2 + 6 H2O Prevention of NH3-slip

Requirements / Challenges for Effective implementation of

Future Emission Norms

• Fuel Quality

• Sulfur Content

• 50 PPM for BS IV

• 10 PPM for BS V/ VI

• Adulteration

• Other parameters

• Urea infrastructure

• User Education on After Treatment & OBD

• Inspection & Maintenance Programs

Agenda

• Diesel Engines

• Legislations

• Aftertreatment

• Requirements / Challenges

• CNG Engine

• Legislations

• Aftertreatment

• Requirements / Challenges

• Summary

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

CO NMHC CH4 NOx PM x 100

BS IV BS V BS VI

HCV CNG (GVW>3500 kg) Emission values (g/kWh)

Cycle

ETC - BS IV & BS V

WHTC - BS VI

Legislations Trend BS IV → BS V → BS VI

71%

55%

43%

77%

66%

Requirements / Challenges for Effective implementation of

Future Emission Norms

• Reference Fuel for emission test (CH4 Content)

• CH4 Conversion

Agenda

• Diesel Engines

• Legislations

• Aftertreatment

• Requirements / Challenges

• CNG Engine

• Legislations

• Aftertreatment

• Requirements / Challenges

• Summary

Summary

• Upcoming emission legislations are likely to be in-line with European

Emission Norms

• Suitable aftertreatment technologies are existing with Aftertreatment

Industry

• Key challenges like fuel, Infrastructure, I&M etc., to be addressed for

successful implementation

Thank You