Indian Emission Norms and Leapfrogging from BS …. Harjeet Singh (Hero...Indian Emission Norms and Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI and Challenges for Two Wheeler (Phase-2) By Mr

Indian Emission Norms and Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI and Challenges

for Two Wheeler (Phase-2)

By Mr. Harjeet Singh,

(Executive Advisor-Tech)Hero Motocorp Ltd

Chairman – SIAM 2W Technical Group

14th Nov 2019

ECT 2019 Conference by ECMA@ Hyatt Regency Pune

External - General Title: : ECT2019 2W-Conf by ECMA

Emission Regulations in IndiaBS-VI Scenario

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Emission Norms Progression of 2 Wheelers

1979 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2020

Euro I1999

EURO II2003

EURO III2006

EURO IV2016/17

1991Norms

BS I2000

BS IV2016/17

1996Norms

BS II2005

BS III2010

10 years

Indian emission norms for 2 Wheelers has beentighten periodically every 5 years.

Indian 2 W are used for commuting purposes andhence Fuel Economy is very important.

Indian Emission norms are made to keep the high levelof fuel efficiency in tact.

EU has taken 42 years to reach EURO-Vstandards starting from year 1979.

European 2 W are primarily used forleisure purposes and no specific focus ofFuel Economy.

29 years

42 Years

ECE R40 1979

No Norms

BS VI

2020

EURO V2020/21

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Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI

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BS-IV BS-VI

• 88% Reduction in NOx• 0.39g/km 0.046g/km

• 40% reduction in SHED test limit• 2g/test 1.2g/test

• Introduction of OBD• In use performance ratio

monitoring• Catcon Monitoring• Misfire Detection

88%


Leapfrogging From BS-IV to BS-VI

• MoRTH Notified BS-VI skipping BS-V

• Effective 1st Apr 2020 (3yrs lead time from BS-IV)

• MoRTH Notified that BS-IV Veh produced before 1st Apr2020 to be registered within 3M (This notification has been over ruled by H’able SC on 24th Oct 2018 )

• MoRTH has also assured BS-VI fuel availability as per Notification ?

• This is major change in the history of Emission progression in India

• BS-VI Norms aligned with latest Europe Norms i.e. EU-5 (2020/21) (There is no EU6 for 2Ws)

• BS-VI Challenges

– EU-5 norms were not even final When BS-VI was released and now being updated

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BS-VI Emission Norm GSR 889(E) dt 16th Sep 2016 (Gasoline) CO

(mg/km)HC

(mg/km)NMHC

(mg/km)NOx

(mg/km)PM*

(mg/km)Durability

(km)Evapo

(mg/test)

Class1&2 1000 100 68 60 4.5 20,000 1500

Class 3 1000 100 68 60 4.5 35,000 1500

DF 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1 --- 300**

Vehicle should equipped with OBD .*PM is applicable to gasoline DI engines.** Additive DF

• Date of Manufacturing, 1st April 2020 for all models.• OBD

• OBD-I, 1st April 2020• OBD-II, 1st April 2023 with threshold limits

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• As per Notification GSR178(E) dt 20th Feb 2018• Registration BS-IV ,for fully build Veh , upto 30th Jun20• Registration of BS-IV M n N Category , Drive away chassis upto 30th Sep20

• This notification has been over ruled by Honourable SC on 24th Oct 2018


PHASE 2 OF BS-VI-BS-VI changes-OBD2 Changes

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External - General Title: : ECT2019 2W-Conf by ECMA 8

Formulation of BS VI Regulation

<< Adoption of EU 5 into BS 6 >>

Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

European Union

India

EU 168/2013

(EU 44/2014)(EU 134/2014)

EU 5 (Before EC Study) Euro 5

New Models All Models

Euro 5

BS6 Notification

All Models

BS6AIS 137

EU 5 (After EC Study)

Change in Notification..??

Change in AIS 137..??

BS 6 norms in India are aligned to EU 5 (Before Study)

With completion of EU 5 study and publication of the amendment, EU 5 regulation is now “Final” (After Study)

<< India should adopt these changes into BS 6 as well >>

<< Summary >>

External - General Title: : ECT2019 2W-Conf by ECMA 9

List of Changes in EU 5

Type I - Tailpipe Emission

Weighing Factor Change to 30:70

Type V - Durability

Additive DF Added

Bench Ageing Added

Durability Cycle -SRC

Re-classification

Type VIII – OBD II

Catcon Monitoring Date of Application changed from 2020/21 2024/25

Threshold Limits Date of Application changed from 2020/21 2024/25

IUPR Monitoring Date of Application changed 2020/21 [No Limit], 2024 [Min 0.1]

Misfire Detection Misfire detection region re-defined

Type V – Durability

Durability CycleAMA

Retain permanently for Class 1, 2.To be Phased out for vehicles of class 3 from 2025 onwards.

Fixed DF

Deletion of Fixed DF 2025 onwards.

Run in distance 2500 km for vehicle with max speed of ≤ 130 km/h and 3500 km for vehicle with max speed > 130 km/h[Date of Application 2020]

Changes affecting 2020

Changes affecting 2023


BS-VI changes affecting 2020 Notification

– Type-I Tail Pipe Emission (Weighing factor 50:50 to 30:70 for Class 1&2) – Agreed by SCOE• Needs changes in BS-VI Notification as well as AIS137 (Test Procedure)

– Type-V Durability (to be updated in AIS 137 in 2020)• Additive DF – To be added as an alternate Option

• Bench Testing – To be added as an alternate Option

• SRC (Durability cycle) – Reclassified for and alignment with WMTC

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These changes have been agreed and incorporated into BS VI.


BS-VI changes for OBD 2 (2023)

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Type VIII – OBD2

Globally there is a trend to implement OBD2 in 2-steps.• EU is implementing OBD2A in 2020/21 and OBD2B in 2024/25• Japan is also implemented OBD2 in two steps 2020/22 and 2024/26

However, BS VI notifies OBD2 in one step only.

SIAM would also like propose 2-step implementation of OBD2 in order to harmonize with EU5 regulation.

• Misfire Detection• EGR System Monitoring• O2 Sensor deterioration Monitoring• NOx after treatment system, Particulate

filter, PM monitoring,• IUPR no min ratio• Circuit Rationality

< BS VI OBD2A > < BS VI OBD2B >• Cat Con Monitoring• Threshold (OTL2)• IUPR ratio min. 10%

< Proposal for BS VI OBD2 (Same as EU 5) >


BS-VI changes for 2023 (OBD2)

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Type V – Durability (Fixed DF)

To ensure the durability of environmental performance of vehicles, Two methods are available

• Fixed DF• Actual DF

Based on EU5 study outcome, EU has decide to deleted Fixed DF from 2025 onwards.

As an “intermediate step”,run in kms for Fixed DF increased from 100 2500km (Class 1, 2)/3500km (Class 3) till 2024.

EU Situation

INDIA Situation

Similar changes also expected in BS VI.

However, due to a number of administrative issues involved in Actual DF,SIAM is currently discussing to continue Fixed DF in India even after 2025.


BS-VI changes for 2023 (OBD2)

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Type V – Durability (Deletion of AMA Cycle)

EU5 Situation

To conduct Actual DF,there are two types of cycles, which can be chosen by manufacturer.• SRC (Standard Road Cycle)• AMA (Approved Mileage Accumulation) Cycle

Based on EU5 Study Outcome,• AMA is in general as severe or less severe than the SRC in terms of thermal load.• AMA thermal load is mostly lower than WMTC thermal load for vehicles which

have a maximum speed higher than 130 km/h, i.e. WMTC Class 3 vehicles.

Hence, EU discontinued AMA Cycle for Class 3 vehicles from 2025 onwards.

INDIA Situation

India may also propose to delete AMA Cycle for Class 3 vehicles from 2025 onwards,in view of harmonization with EU5.


Technologies to Comply BS-VI Emission Norms

• Engine Fine Tuning

• Fuel Injection / Electronic Fueling

• Three Way Catalytic Converter with Close loop system

• Crank Case Measure: Same as BS-IV

• Evaporative Countermeasure:

– Same as BS-IV with improved Canister

• OBD Development

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From carburetor system to closed loop FI system

15

BS-IVCarburetor System

BS-VIClosed loop Fuel Injection System


After Treatment Devices

• Improvement of Substrate design:

• Use of O2 Sensor:

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External- General Title: : ECT2019 2W-Conf by ECMA

Conclusion /Challenges for BS-VI (1/2)

1. India is skipping BS-V and leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI in 3yrs.

2. India is continuously upgrading emission norms after every 5 years while Europe has taken EU3->EU4 , 10 years and EU4->EU5 is 4yrs , India has only 3years?

3. EU5 has Phasing of New and All models by one year ,India BS-VI all models effective 1st Apr 2020.

4. 3Month window allowed for BS-IV registration till 30th Jun2020 has been withdrawn by H’ble Supreme Court

5. BS-VI aligned with EU5 , which Euro Commission finalized now, related changes are to be made in BSVI notification as well as AIS137.

6. India is predominantly at Carbureted Engine with 2ways Cat ,where as EU has migrated to FI in EU4 , hence India’s challenge is much bigger.

7. OBD first time on 2Ws, OBD2 is proposed in 2 Steps similar to EU

8. BS-VI Gasoline with 91 Octane Number (EU-6 Fuel 95 Octane), hence

low hanging solution to improve Fuel Economy is not available.

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Conclusion /Challenges for BS-VI (2/2)

9. BS-VI Fuel availability is ??

10. EU5 Changes have been finalized now

11. BS6 has to be aligned with EU5 changes

11.1 OBD2 to be implemented in two phases in line with EU5

and fully aligned with EU5 in 2025

12. Biggest Challenges –

1. No Readymade Solution across the Globe, needs own researched solution

2. Large Volume of 2Ws and all supply chain updation

3. Meticulous planning and execution

4. Need for extremely Low variation in Emission related Components critical dimension for COP compliance

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Thank you

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Documents

Indian Emission Norms and Leapfrogging from BS …. Harjeet Singh (Hero...Indian Emission Norms and Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI and Challenges for Two Wheeler (Phase-2) By Mr