28 – Vol. 100 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805

InstructorDouglas Mehoke is the Assistant Group Supervisor

and Technology Manager for the Mechanical SystemGroup in the Space Department at The Johns HopkinsUniversity Applied Physics Laboratory. He has workedin the field of spacecraft and instrument thermal designfor 30 years, and has a wide background in the fields ofheat transfer and fluid mechanics. He has been thelead thermal engineer on a variety spacecraft andscientific instruments, including MSX, CONTOUR, andNew Horizons. He is presently the Technical Lead forthe development of the Solar Probe Plus ThermalProtection System.

What You Will Learn• How requirements are defined.• Why thermal design cannot be purchased off the

shelf.• How to test thermal systems.• Basic conduction and radiation analysis.• Overall thermal analysis methods.• Computer calculations for thermal design.• How to choose thermal control surfaces.• When to use active devices.• How the thermal system interacts with other

systems.• How to apply thermal devices.

February 17-18, 2010Beltsville, Maryland

$990 (8:30am - 4:00pm)

"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 eachOff The Course Tuition."

SummaryThis is a fast paced two-day course for system

engineers and managers with an interest in improvingtheir understanding of spacecraft thermal design. Allphases of thermal design analysis are covered inenough depth to give a deeper understanding of thedesign process and of the materials used in thermaldesign. Program managers and systems engineers willalso benefit from the bigger picture information andtradeoff issues.

The goal is to have the student come away from thiscourse with an understanding of how analysis, design,thermal devices, thermal testing and the interactions ofthermal design with the overall system design fit intothe overall picture of satellite design. Case studies andlessons learned illustrate the importance of thermaldesign and the current state of the art.

Spacecraft Thermal Control

Course Outline1. The Role of Thermal Control. Requirements,

Constraints, Regimes of thermal control. 2. The basics of Thermal Analysis, conduction,

radiation, Energy balance, Numerical analysis, Thesolar spectrum.

3. Overall Thermal Analysis. Orbital mechanics forthermal engineers, Basic orbital energy balance.

4. Model Building. How to choose the nodalstructure, how to calculate the conductors capacitorsand Radfacs, Use of the computer.

5. System Interactions. Power, Attitude andThermal system interactions, other systemconsiderations.

6. Thermal Control Surfaces. Availability, Factorsin choosing, Stability, Environmental factors.

7. Thermal control Devices. Heatpipes, MLI,Louvers, Heaters, Phase change devices, Radiators,Cryogenic devices.

8. Thermal Design Procedure. Basic designprocedure, Choosing radiator locations, When to useheat pipes, When to use louvers, Where to use MLI,When to use Phase change, When to use heaters.

9. Thermal Testing. Thermal requirements, basicanalysis techniques, the thermal design process,thermal control materials and devices, and thermalvacuum testing.

10. Case Studies. The key topics and tradeoffs areillustrated by case studies for actual spacecraft andsatellite thermal designs. Systems engineeringimplications.

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Boost Your Skills with On-Site Courses Tailored to Your Needs The Applied Technology Institute specializes in training programs for technical professionals. Our courses keep you current in the state-of-the-art technology that is essential to keep your company on the cutting edge in today’s highly competitive marketplace. Since 1984, ATI has earned the trust of training departments nationwide, and has presented on-site training at the major Navy, Air Force and NASA centers, and for a large number of contractors. Our training increases effectiveness and productivity. Learn from the proven best. For a Free On-Site Quote Visit Us At: http://www.ATIcourses.com/free_onsite_quote.asp For Our Current Public Course Schedule Go To: http://www.ATIcourses.com/schedule.htm

Spacecraft Thermal ControlSpacecraft Thermal Control 2

WHY DO WE NEED THERMAL CONTROL IN WHY DO WE NEED THERMAL CONTROL IN SPACECRAFTSPACECRAFT

UNCONTROLLED TEMPERATURES CAN BE VERY COLD OR VERY HOTTYPICAL ELECTRONICS ARE NORMALLY DESIGNED TO OPERATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURESOME COMPONENTS, SUCH AS CRYOGENIC EQUIPMENT, MAY REQUIRE SPECIAL TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTSRELIABILITY IS ENHANCED BECAUSE OF REDUCED THERMAL WORKINGSTANDARD COMPONENTS CAN BE DESIGNED IF THE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT IS KNOWN

Spacecraft Thermal ControlSpacecraft Thermal Control 3

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

DESIGN TEMPERATURESMISSION BOUNDARIES

ENVIRONMENTSORBITSTABILIZATION

LIFETIMEPHYSICAL CONFIGURATIONOPERATIONAL MODES

OTHERESDCOSTWEIGHT

Spacecraft Thermal ControlSpacecraft Thermal Control 4

THERMAL ANALYSIS

THE THERMAL DESIGN OF A SPACECRAFT IS ACCOMPLISHED BY BOTH TEST AND ANALYSISANALYSIS

ANALYSIS FIRST CONFIRMS THAT A DESIGN IS FEASIBLE– AND THEN

TEST IS USED TO CONFIRM THE FINAL DESIGNTHE ANALYSIS OF A SPACECRAFT IS BASED ON THE FIRST LAW

OF THERMODYNAMICSTHIS ANALYSIS WILL INCLUDE

– MODEL BUILDING» CONDUCTION » RADIATION» THERMAL CAPACITY

– ENVIRONMENTAL HEAT INPUTS– OPERATIONAL MODES– ORBITAL HEAT BALANCE

Spacecraft Thermal ControlSpacecraft Thermal Control 5

THERMAL ANALYSIS PROGRAMSFOURIER’S LAW OF HEAT CONDUCTION

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

GENERAL 3D HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATION

CONVERSION OF EQUATION TO FINITE DIFFERENCE

ADDITION OF RADIATION ETC.

GENERAL FINITE DIFFERENCE HEAT FLOW EQUATION

COMPUTER SOLUTION OF DIFFERENCE EQUATION

COMMERCIAL PROGRAMS

SINDA, TAK, ESATAN, PC3D, ITAS

Boundary conditions (external heat inputs, internal power), TAM

RAD PROGS.

SSPTA, RADFAC, NEVADA, TRAYSIS

Spacecraft Thermal ControlSpacecraft Thermal Control 6

RADIATION

RADIATION IS THE ONLY MEANS OF ENERGY TRANSFER TO AND FROM THE SPACECRAFT IN SPACE

IT IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT MEANS OF TRANSFER WITHIN THE SPACECRAFT

WE WILL COVER THE FOLLOWING IN THIS SECTION:BLACKBODY RADIATIONREFLECTION AND EMISSIONRADIATION HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN TWO BLACK BODIESRADIATION TRANSFER BETWEEN TWO REAL BODIESSOLAR SPECTRUMSOLAR ABSORPTANCE AND IR EMITTANCEMEASUREMENTS

Spacecraft Thermal ControlSpacecraft Thermal Control 7

THERMAL DESIGN 1

THERMAL DESIGN CONSISTS OF MAKING CHOICES FOR:RADIATOR LOCATIONSTHERMAL CONTROL SURFACES FOR THE RADIATORSTHERMAL CONTROL SURFACES FOR OTHER EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL COMPONENTSINSULATION LOCATIONS AND TYPETHERMAL DEVICES SUCH AS:

LOUVERSHEAT PIPESHEATERS, THERMOSTATIC AND COMMANDABLEPHASE CHANGE PACKAGESTHERMOELECTRIC COOLERSRADIOACTIVE HEAT SOURCESCRYOGENIC COOLERS OR DEWARS

STRUCTURE AND THERMAL DOUBLERS

Spacecraft Thermal ControlSpacecraft Thermal Control 8

AVAILABILITY OF COATINGS

Figure 7-7 Solar Absorptance versus Emittance for Typical Materials

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.00.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Emittance , ε

Sola

r Abs

orpt

ance

, α

Black Ni, Cr, CuBlack paint

FEP Teflon, with Ag, Al

White paint

Polished metals

Aluminum paint

Kapton Al

OSR

Au

Ag

Spacecraft Thermal ControlSpacecraft Thermal Control 9

HEAT PIPES

WICK

PRESSURE VESSEL, (PIPE)

WORKING FLUID

SIMPLE PASSIVE HEAT PIPE

Q

Q

EVAPORATOR CONDENSER

PIPE AND WICK - ALUMINUM FLUID - FREON

EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MANY TIMES HIGHER THAN SOLID CONDUCTORSRELIABLE IF PROPERLY CONSTRUCTEDLIGHT WEIGHTMODERATE IN COST FOR STANDARD DESIGNSAPPLICATIONS MUST CONSIDER TESTING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS(AT 1G THEY MUST BE NEARLY HORIZONTAL TO OPERATE)

Spacecraft Thermal ControlSpacecraft Thermal Control 10

Q-test vs. T-test

Radiation to Cold walls

S/C

Controlling Heat input

Boundary Temp. Fixed at calculated prediction

Tests only the internal model which is correlated by comparison of test result and test simulation

Int. Pwr.

T-Test

Radiation to Cold walls

S/C

Int. Pwr.

Boundary Temp. fixed by equilibrium energy flow between simulated environment and radiation to cold walls

Simulated space environmental Heat input

The accuracy of this technique is limited only by the ability to simulate the space environment and the correct orbital configuration

Q -Test

Boost Your Skillswith On-Site CoursesTailored to Your NeedsThe Applied Technology Institute specializes in training programs for technical

professionals. Our courses keep you current in the state-of-the-art technology that isessential to keep your company on the cutting edge in today’s highly competitivemarketplace. For 20 years, we have earned the trust of training departments nationwide,and have presented on-site training at the major Navy, Air Force and NASA centers, and for alarge number of contractors. Our training increases effectiveness and productivity. Learnfrom the proven best.

ATI’s on-site courses offer these cost-effective advantages:

• You design, control, and schedule the course.

• Since the program involves only your personnel, confidentiality is maintained. You canfreely discuss company issues and programs. Classified programs can also be arranged.

• Your employees may attend all or only the most relevant part of the course.

• Our instructors are the best in the business, averaging 25 to 35 years of practical, real-world experience. Carefully selected for both technical expertise and teaching ability, theyprovide information that is practical and ready to use immediately.

• Our on-site programs can save your facility 30% to 50%, plus additional savings byeliminating employee travel time and expenses.

• The ATI Satisfaction Guarantee: You must be completely satisfied with our program.

We suggest you look at ATI course descriptions in this catalog and on the ATI website.Visit and bookmark ATI’s website at http://www.ATIcourses.com for descriptions of allof our courses in these areas:

• Communications & Computer Programming

• Radar/EW/Combat Systems

• Signal Processing & Information Technology

• Sonar & Acoustic Engineering

• Spacecraft & Satellite Engineering

I suggest that you read through these course descriptions and then call me personally, JimJenkins, at (410) 531-6034, and I’ll explain what we can do for you, what it will cost, and whatyou can expect in results and future capabilities.

Our training helps you and your organizationremain competitive in this changing world.

Register online at www.aticourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.531.6034