SELF & PERCEPTION IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONElizabeth T. Santosa, M.Psi, Psi.

Ayoe Sutomo, M.Psi, Psi.

Self Concept

The way you see yourself Consist of your feelings and thoughts

about your strengths and weakness. Develop from:

Others images of you Social comparison Cultural teaching Your own interpretation & evaluation

Self Awareness Your insight into & knowledge about yourself. Understanding how your self concept develops in

one way to increase your self awareness.

Four selves (Johari Window)1.The Open self

All the information, behavior, attitudes, feelings, desires, motivation, and ideas that you and others know. Ex: name, skin color, sex, age, religion.

2. The Blind SelfRepresent all the things about yourself that others know but of which you’re ignorant. Ex: habit, distinct body odor,

Self Awareness -cont

3. The Hidden SelfAll that you know your self and of others that you keep secret. Over discloser = tell all Under discloser = tell nothing Selective discloser = keep certain things hidden and

disclose others; they make disclosures to some people and not to others

4. The Unknown SelfRepresent truths about yourself that neither you or others know.Revealed through temporary changes brought about special experimental condition, such as hypnosis.

Self Awareness -cont

Increasing Self Awareness: Ask about yourself Listen to others Actively seek information about yourself See your different selves Increase your open self

Self Esteem

The value you see yourselfEx:How much do you like yourself? How valuable a person do you think you are? How competent do you think you are?

Attack your self destructive believes:(The drive to be perfect; The drive to be strong; The drive to please; The drive to hurry up; The drive to try hard)

Secure affirmation :Ex: I am worthy person; I am responsible and can be dependent upon; I am capable of loving and being love; I deserved good things to happen to me; I can forgive myself for mistakes and missjudgement.

Self Esteem -cont

Seek out nourishing people Noxious: criticize and find fault with just about

everything Nourishing people: optimist, reward, make you

feel good about your self. Work on project that will result in success

Self Disclosure

Definition: Communicating information about yourself to another person.

It may information about: Your value, beliefs and desires Your behavior Your self qualities or characteristics

Verbally or nonverbally. Reason for self-disclose:

Catharsis To make yourself look good To help the listeners To maintain or repair a relationship

Self Disclosure -cont

Influence self disclosure: Who you are Your culture Your gender Your listeners Your topic and channel

Rewards of Self Disclosure Self knowledge Communication and relationship effectiveness Psychological health

Self Disclosure- cont

Dangers of self disclosure: Risks Ahead Personal risks Relational risks Professional risks

Guidelines for Self-Disclosure

Deciding wheter and how to self-disclose; responding to the disclosures of others; resisting pressures to self-disclosure

Please considers things below:1. Motivation for self-disclose2. Appropriateness of the self-disclose3. Disclosures of the other person4. Possible burdens self-disclosure might

entail5. Facilitating and responding to self-

disclosures

Guidelines for Self-Disclosure

Cont:6. Skills of effective and active listening7. Support and reinforce the discloser8. Be willing to reciprocate9. Keep the disclosures confidential10. Dont use the disclosures against the person11. Guidelines for resisting Self-Dislosure12. Dont be pushed13. Be assertive in your refusal to disclose14. Be indirect and move to another topic

Communication Apprehension

A state of fear or anxiety about communication interaction .

Trait apprehension : fear of communication generally

State apprehension: fear of communication in specific communication

Communication Apprehension -cont

Degree of evaluation Subordinate status Degree of conspicuousness Degree of unpredictability Degree of dissimilarity Prior successes and failures Lack of communication skill and

experience

Theories of communication Apprehension management

Cognitive restructuring Systematic desensitization Skill acquisition Prepare and practice Focus on success Familiarize yourself with the situation

Perception Definition: The process by which you become aware of

objects, events, and especially people through your senses: sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing.

Active process Stages of perception:

1: StimulationSelective exposure: you expose yourself to people, messages, that will confirm your existing beliefs, contribute to your objects and prove satisfying in some way.

2: Organization Organization by rules Organization by schemata Organization by script

Perception -cont

3: Intrepretation – Evaluation 4: Memory 5: Recall

Perceptual Process

Self fulfilling prophecy (pygmalion effect) Prediction that came true because you act on it

as if it were true. Implicit Personality Theory

The system of rules that tells you which characteristics go with which other characteristics.

Hallo effect vs Reverse Hallo Perceptual accentuation Primacy – Regency Consistency

Attribution Attribution process Consensus: Similarity with Others Consistensy: Similarity in different situation Distinctiveness: Similarity in Different

Situation Controllability: Behavior Control

Attribution Errors Self serving bias Fundamental attribution error Overattribution

Increasing Accuracy in Interpresonal Perception

Analize perception Check perception1. Describe what you see or hear, recognizing

that description are not really objective but are heavily influenced by who you are, your emotional states, and so on.

2. Seek confirmation.

Reduce uncertainly Increace Cultiral Sensitivity

Today Assigment

Give example about your self concept, self awareness, and self esteem!

THE END