SAP UNIVERSITY ALLIANCES ACADEMIC · PDF fileIntroduction to SAP ERP SAP ERP 6.0 Global Bikes Incorporation Trainer: Prof. Aradhana Gandhi, Symbiosis Centre for management and

Introduction to SAP ERPSAP ERP 6.0Global Bikes IncorporationTrainer: Prof. Aradhana Gandhi, Symbiosis Centre for management and HRD, Pune

SAP UNIVERSITY ALLIANCES ACADEMIC CONFERENCE INDIA 2010

Course Content

Introduction to SAP

Navigation

Sales & Distribution

Materials Management

Production PlanningProduction Planning

Financial Accounting

Controlling

SAP

“Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing”

Name of the Companyn SAP AG

n SAP America

n SAP UK

Name of the SoftwareName of the Softwaren SAP R/2

n SAP R/3

n SAP ERP

Who is SAP?

SAP AGn Founded in Walldorf, Germany in 1972

n World’s Largest Business Software Company

n World’s Third-largest Independent Software Provider

Company Statisticsn Over 40,000 employees in more then 50 countries

n 1500 Business Partnersn 1500 Business Partners

n 36,200 customers in more then 120 countries

n 12 million users

n 100,600 installationsSource: SAP AG website

SAP is the world's largest inter-enterprise software company and the world's third-largest independent software provider overall. We have a rich history of innovation and growth that has made us a true industry leader. SAP Americas 12 Million Users. 100,600 Installations. 1,500 Partners. SAP Americas is a subsidiary of SAP AG, the world's largest inter-enterprise software company and the third-largest software supplier overall. SAP Americas's corporate headquarters is located in Newtown Square, PA, a suburb of Philadelphia. Our officers and executives lead a team of professionals dedicated to delivering high-level customer support and services. Founded in 1972 as Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing, SAP has a rich history of innovation and growth that has made us the recognized leader in providing collaborative business solutions for all types of industries -- in every major market. The company, headquartered in Walldorf, Germany, employs more than 37,700 people in more than 50 countries, and serves more than 34,600 customers worldwide. Experience, Knowledge, and Technology for Maximizing Business SAP has leveraged our extensive experience to deliver mySAP Business Suite, the definitive family of business solutions for today's economy. These solutions are open and flexible, supporting databases, applications, operating systems, and hardware from almost every major vendor. What's more, mySAP Business Suite allows employees, customers, and business partners to work together successfully -- anywhere, anytime. By deploying the best technology, services, and development resources, SAP has delivered a business platform that unlocks valuable information resources, improves supply chain efficiencies, and builds strong customer relationships. And through the Global Solution Center, SAP Americas identifies customer needs and develops solutions to meet these needs. SAP is listed on several exchanges, including the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, under the symbol "SAP."

Integrated Business Solution Vendors

SAP (Systems, Applications, & Products in Data Processing)n SAP ERP, All-in-One, Business by Design, Business One

Oracle Applicationsn Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, Siebel, Retek

Microsoft Business Solutionsn Dynamics: Great Plains, Navision, Axapta, Solomann Dynamics: Great Plains, Navision, Axapta, Soloman

The Sage Groupn Sage Software – Accpac ERP, PeachTree

SSA Global Technologiesn BAAN

SAP Architecture

World-wide usage

Designed to satisfy the information needs for business sizes (small local to large all international)

n Multi-lingual

n Multi-currency

Designed to satisfy the information needs for all industries

SAP ERP

Enables a company to link it’s business processes

Ties together disparate business functions (integrated business solution)

Helps the organization run smoothly

Real-time environment

Scalable and flexible Scalable and flexible

SAP Architecture

Client/Server Environmentn Client – hardware/software environment that can make a request for services for a central

repository of resources

n Server – hardware/software combination that can provide services to a group of clients in a controlled environment

Three – Tier StructureThree – Tier Structuren GUI

n Graphical User Interface or Web Interface

n Application Server

n One or more, help distribute work load

n Database Server

n One single data repository

SAP Architecture

Browser ClientPCs, Laptops, etc.

Network

Web Server

Database

Application

Presentation

Application Servers

Database

Internet Transaction

Server

3-tier client server system Web server Internet transaction server Brings it to a single database across the world. What is Client-server Computing? The short answer: Client/server is a computational architecture that involves client processes requesting service from server processes. The long answer: Client/server computing is the logical extension of modular programming. Modular programming has as its fundamental assumption that separation of a large piece of software into its constituent parts ("modules") creates the possibility for easier development and better maintainability. Client/server computing takes this a step farther by recognizing that those modules need not all be executed within the same memory space. With this architecture, the calling module becomes the "client" (that which requests a service), and the called module becomes the "server" (that which provides the service). The logical extension of this is to have clients and servers running on the appropriate hardware and software platforms for their functions. For example, database management system servers running on platforms specially designed and configured to perform queries, or file servers running on platforms with special elements for managing files. It is this latter perspective that has created the widely-believed myth that client/server has something to do with PCs or Unix machines. What is a Client process? The client is a process (program) that sends a message to a server process (program), requesting that the server perform a task (service). Client programs usually manage the user-interface portion of the application, validate data entered by the user, dispatch requests to server programs, and sometimes execute business logic. The client-based process is the front- end of the application that the user sees and interacts with. The client process contains solution-specific logic and provides the interface between the user and the rest of the application system. The client process also manages the local resources that the user interacts with such as the monitor, keyboard, workstation CPU and peripherals. One of the key elements of a client workstation is the graphical user interface (GUI). Normally a part of operating system i.e. the window manager detects user actions, manages the windows on the display and displays the data in the windows. What is a Server process? A server process (program) fulfills the client request by performing the task requested. Server programs generally receive requests from client programs, execute database retrieval and updates, manage data integrity and dispatch responses to client requests. Sometimes server programs execute common or complex business logic. The server-based process "may" run on another machine on the network. This server could be the host operating system or network file server; the server is then provided both file system services and application services. Or in some cases, another desktop machine provides the application services. The server process acts as a software engine that manages shared resources such as databases, printers, communication links, or high powered-processors. The server process performs the back-end tasks that are common to similar applications.

SAP Business Suite

SAP PLM

SAP

SAP NetWeaver

SAP SCM

SAP SRM

SAP CRM

SAP ERP ECC 6.0

SAP Business Suite

SAP PLM

SAP SRM

SAP CRM

SAP ECC

SD

MM

PP AM

CO

FI

SAP R/3

SAP NetWeaver

SAP SCM

SRM CRMSAP ECC

QM

PM

HR ISWF

PS

SAP R/3Client/Server

ABAPBasis

SAP Software Applications

Solutionsn SAP ERP

n SAP CRM

n SAP PLM

n SAP SCM

n SAP SRM

n SAP Analytics

§ Small & Medium Size Solutions- Business One

- Business by Design- SAP All-in-One

§ Platformsn SAP Manufacturing

n SAP Service

n SAP Mobile Solutions

n SAP xApps

§ Platforms- Enterprise Services Architecture

- SAP NetWeaver Platform

SAP ERP Business Modules

Collections of logically related transactions within identifiable business functionsn MM (“Buy”)

n PP (“Make”)

n SD (“Sell”)

n FI and CO (“Track”)

n HCM

SAP ERP Core Applications

Logistics n Sales & Distribution

n Plant Maintenance

n Materials Management

n Production Planning

n Quality Management

Accounting

§ Human Resources- Personnel Management

- Benefits- Payroll

Accountingn Financial Accounting

n Controlling

n Asset Management

n Treasury

SAP Industry Solutions

Aerospace & Defense

Automotive

Banking

Chemicals

Consumer Products

Defense & Security

§ Media

§ Mill Products

§ Mining

§ Oil & Gas

§ Pharmaceuticals

§ Postal Services

Professional ServicesEngineering, Const.

Healthcare

High Tech

Higher Education

Industrial Machinery

Insurance

Life Sciences

Logistics Service Prod.

§ Professional Services

§ Public Sector

§ Railways

§ Retail

§ Telecommunications

§ Utilities

§ Wholesale Distribution

NavigationNavigationNavigationNavigation

SAP University Alliances

Version 1.0

Authors Stephen TracyBret Wagner

Stefan Weidner

© 2008 SAP AG

Abstract

This material explains how to navigate in SAP systems. It is aimed at

students at educational institutions, such as schools, universities of

cooperative education, universities of applied sciences, and other

universities, with no previous experience of SAP software. It can be used in

the classroom or for self-study.

On completion of the course, students will be able to navigate through the

user interface to deal with business processes and case studies.

ProductAll

LevelBeginner

FocusSAP ERP

Content

User guidance

User specific settings

Navigation in SAP Easy Access Menu

Help

Learning Targets

At the end of this chapter you can

Name the window elements

Navigate in an SAP system

Apply personal system settings

Effectively use HelpEffectively use Help

Log on to an SAP system

SAP Easy Access Menu

SAP Easy Access Menu

Role-based User Menu

DYNPRO Elements

Checkbox

Auswahl 1 (Mehrfachwahl möglich!)

Auswahl 2 Check box

Input fields

System function bar

Application function bar

Command field (transaction code)

Radiobutton

Alternative 1 (nur eine Alternative möglich!)

ODER Alternative 2

oder .....

oder .....

oder .....

Anzeigen Ändern

Auswahl 4

Auswahl 2

Auswahl 3

Überblick

Check box

Radio buttons

Press buttons

Tabs

Status bar

ENJOY Initiative – Old Design

Initial screen Header data

Position detailsPosition overview

ENJOY Initiative – New Design

header data

position overview

position details

Help Functions

F1: Description of Input Fields

F4: value list

SAP Help Portal

http://help.sap.com

Favorites

Transaction Codes

Transaction SEARCH_SAP_MENU

Transaction ICON

Multiple Selection

User Profile Settings (local)

User Profile Settings (SAP System)

Desktop Shortcut

Summary

You are now able to: n Name the window elements

n Navigate in an SAP system

n Apply personal system settings

n Effectively use help

Global Bike Inc.Global Bike Inc.Global Bike Inc.Global Bike Inc.SAP University Alliances

Version 1.0


Stefan Weidner

© 2008 SAP AG

Abstract

This material explains the company on which the introduction material

is based on. It describes its enterprise structure in detail.

Trainer: Prof. Aradhana Gandhi

Symbiosis Centre for management and HRD, Pune

ProductSAP ERP

LevelBeginner

FocusGlobal Bike Inc.

Integration

Global Bike Incorporated

Company in the bicycle business

Initially buys and re-sells different lines of bicycles

Sells to both wholesale and Internet – procure and distribute

Later acquires a production facility to manufacture its own product – produce and distribute

We will setup and execute the 3 major processes an organization We created a pen because it was very easy to setup and understand. The IDES has a motorcycle, but that is more complex than we need to teach the system.

Core Business Processes

Global Bike Inc.

Sell – Sales and Distribution (SD)

Buy – Procurement (MM)

Plan – Production Planning (PP)

Make – Manufacturing Execution (PP) Make – Manufacturing Execution (PP)

Track – Financial Accounting (FI)

Track – Controlling (CO)

Two Approaches of Learning

Standard Trainingn Level 1: Introductory

n Level 2: Business processes

n Level 3: Configuration

Business Process Integration ApproachBusiness Process Integration Approachn Cross functional

n Understand business processes and their relationship to SAP's organizational structure

n Highlight integration/configuration

Cross-functional integration

Source Unknown

ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning - breaks down the traditional barrier that exist within a corporation. For anyone to benefit from ERP, everyone has to contribute, this is the key to ERP survival. There has to be a common agenda throughout the business. To get the commitment from everyone, everyone has to believe their needs and objectives are addressed by the plan, learning the tools and techniques to accomplish this is then relatively easy.

Check Production

Run MPS w/MRP

Convert ProductionProposal

Scheduleand Release

ProcurementProcess

GoodsIssue

PurchaseRequisition

Purchase Order

GoodsReceipt

InvoiceReceipt

Process Integration

Sales OrderEntry

CheckAvailability

ProductionProcess

PickMaterials

Paymentto Vendor

CompletionConfirmation

Goods Receipt

QualityInspection

Order Settlement

Post GoodsIssue

Invoice Customer

Receipt ofPayment

Sales and Distribution (SD)Sales and Distribution (SD)Sales and Distribution (SD)Sales and Distribution (SD)

SAP University Alliances

Version 1.0


Stefan Weidner

© 2008 SAP AG

ProductSAP ERP 6.0

Global Bike Inc.

LevelBeginner

FocusCross-functional integration

Sales and Distribution

Functionality

Sales Support

Sales

Shipping and Transportation

Billing

Credit ManagementCredit Management

Foreign Trade

Chapter Overview

Sales and Distribution Org. Levels

Sales and Distribution Master Data

Sales Order Processn Order-to-Cash

Organizational Structure

S&D Structure

Client

Company Code

Sales Arean Sales Organization

n Distribution Channel

§ Shipping Point

§ Loading Point

§ Internal Sales Structure

§ Sales Offices

§ Sales Groupsn Distribution Channel

n Division

Plant

§ Sales Groups

§ Salesperson

Organizational Data

A hierarchy in which the organizational units in an enterprise are arranged according to tasks and functions

Are static data and are rarely changedOnce you have decided on an organizational structure it is not easy to nOnce you have decided on an organizational structure it is not easy to change it

The definition of organization units is a fundamental step, it is a critical factor in how the company will be structured

Master data does not change very often Org data – should not change Transaction data (application data) – changes every transaction If you setup organizational data and wish to change it, it very well may be more work than the initial setup.

Sales Organization

Sales Organization

nSells and distributes products

nNegotiates terms of sales

nResponsible for these business transactions

Critical organization element to the definition of business markets

A sales transaction is linked to only one Sales Organization

Legally, a sales organization is included in exactly one company code . You can assign one or more plants to one sales organization. The sales organization has an address. Within a sales organization, you can define your own master data. This allows a sales organization to have its own customer and material master data as well as its own conditions and pricing. You can define your own sales document types within a sales organization. You assign sales offices and your own employees to a sales organization. All items in a sales & distribution document, that is, all items of an order, delivery or a billing document belong to a sales organization. A sales organization is the highest summation level (after the organizational unit Client) for sales statistics with their own statistics currency. The sales organization is used as a selection criterion for the lists of sales documents and for the delivery and billing due list. For each sales organization, you can determine the printer for output differently based on sales and billing documents. A sales organization cannot share any master data with other sales organizations. The master data must be created separately. The data for a distribution channel or a division can, however, be created for several distribution channels or divisions.

Sales Organization

US SalesS000

The upper most level is the sales organization

Distribution Channel

Identifies how products and services reach the customer

Can be assigned to one or more Sales Organizations

You allocate a distribution channel to one or more sales organizations. You allocate one or more plants to a distribution channel. Within a distribution channel, you can define your own master data for customers or materials as well as your own conditions and pricing. You can create master data for a representative distribution channel which is then also used in other distribution channels. To do this, you have to additionally create the allocation of the representative distribution channel to the other distribution channels. For a distribution channel, you can determine your own sales document types. You can determine sales offices for a distribution channel. All items of a sales document belong to a distribution channel. The entire sales document is therefore entered for a distribution channel. The items of a delivery can belong to different distribution channels. All items of a billing document belong to a distribution channel. The distribution channel can be used as a selection criterion in lists. You can determine the printer destination for messages differently for every distribution channel on the basis of the sales and billing documents. A distribution channel does not fulfill the following criteria: A distribution channel does not have its own address. You cannot allocate your own employees to a distribution channel.

US SalesS000

Distribution Channel

Wholesale DistChannel (WH)

Retail DistChannel (RE)

These three make up a sales area. Distribution Channel is attached to the Sales Org Customer can exist in more than one sales area.

Division

Often times used to define product line distribution

Organization level to which customer specific information and requirements are maintained (e.g. pricing, partial delivery)

Assigned to one or more Sales Organizations

A division is an organizational unit based on responsibility for sales or profits from saleable materials or services. Use Divisions have two main applications: They are organizational units for Sales and Distribution, and they are necessary for business area account assignment for logistics transactions in Financial Accounting. Divisions can be used to describe specific product groups and can form the basis for sales statistics

Division

US SalesS000

MedicalDivision

ChemicalDivision

A division can be directly attached to the Sales Org.

Sales Area

Sales Area comprised of:

nSales Organization

nDistribution Channel

nDivision

Will be used to link together the organizational aspects of sales to customers

Used for statistical analysis

SD is organized according to sales organization, distribution channel and division. A combination of these three organizational units forms the sales area. These three make up a sales area. Distribution Channel is attached to the Sales Org Customer can exist in more than one sales area.

Sales Area

US SalesS000


Retail DistChannel (RE)Channel (WH) Channel (RE)

MedicalDivision

ChemicalDivision

MedicalDivision

ChemicalDivision

These three make up a sales area. Division is attached to the Distribution Channel is attached to the Sales Org Customer can exist in more than one sales area.

Sales Area

US SalesS000


Retail DistChannel (RE)Channel (WH) Channel (RE)

MedicalDivision

ChemicalDivision

MedicalDivision

ChemicalDivision

These three make up a different sales area sales area. Division is attached to the Distribution Channel is attached to the Sales Org Customer can exist in more than one sales area.

Internal Sales Organization

Typically defines a territory or market

Linked to one or more Sales Areas

Optional organization structure

The organization in Sales is represented by the elements sales office, sales group and salespersons.

Sales Office

US SalesS000

EasternSales

Western Sales

Linked to the client Internal Sales Org - The organization in Sales is represented by the elements sales office, sales group and salespersons. The following figure displays a sample organization in business development and sales.

Sales Group

Sales Group

nSub-division of a sales office, territory or market

The staff of a sales office may be subdivided into sales groups. For example, sales groups can be defined for individual divisions.

Sales Person

Sales Person

nDefined in Human Resources (HR) — Personnel Admin.

nSpecifically defines an individual rather than a position (sales rep.) in sales processing

Integration

You can maintain personnel master records for sales representatives in your company. In the personnel master record, you assign the salesperson to the sales office and the sales group.

Internal Sales Organization

US Sales

EasternSales

NortheastSales Group

SoutheastSales Group

WesternSales

NorthwestSales Group

SouthwestSales GroupSales Group

Salesperson1

Salesperson2

Sales Group

Salesperson3

Salesperson4

Sales Group

Salesperson9

Salesperson10

Sales Group

Salesperson11

Salesperson12

The organization in Sales is represented by the elements sales office, sales group and salespersons

Shipping and Loading Points

Shipping Point

nLocation that performs all delivery related activities

nAssigned a factory calendar

nA delivery can be processed from only one shipping point

Loading Point

nA subdivision of the shipping point used for more specialized handling

They usually exist physically in a plant Each line item on an order is assigned to an order The shipping point is the top level in the organization for shipping. A shipping point can be allocated to several plants. A shipping point can be divided into several loading points. A delivery is always initiated from exactly one shipping point. Thus, all items of a delivery belong to one shipping point. Groups of deliveries also belong to exactly one shipping point. You can influence delivery scheduling via allocation to departure zones. The shipping point can be proposed automatically during order processing depending on the plant, loading group and shipping condition. A shipping point has an address. The shipping point is used as a selection criterion for lists of deliveries and the work list deliveries. The shipping point is used as a selection criterion for processing deliveries like printing, picking or goods issue. You can determine the printer destination for messages differently for every shipping point on account of shipping documents. In this step, you define the loading points for your company. The definition of loading points is optional, you can still use the SD system without defining loading points. A loading point has the following characteristics: A loading point is a subdivision of a shipping point. The loading point can be entered manually in the delivery header.

Shipping Organization

VermillionPlant P001

Freight Dock Express Dock Rail DockFD001 EX001 RD001

LoadingPoint 1

LoadingPoint 2

LoadingPoint 3

LoadingPoint 4

Define it any way you want. It depends upon your organization. In this example we have a plant Assigned to the plant is a shipping point Assigned to the shipping points are loading points.

Structure for Sales Order Processing

Client 410

Company CodeC100

Sales Area

Sales OrgS100C100

Plant P100 Plant P101

S100

DistributionChannel (RE)

Division(01)

Internal Sales Structure

US Sales OfficeS100

Western SalesOffice

Northwest Sales Southwest Sales

Eastern SalesOffice

Northwest Sales Southwest SalesNorthwest SalesGroup

Southwest SalesGroup

Salesperson 1

Northwest SalesGroup

Southwest SalesGroup

Salesperson 2

Salesperson 3

Salesperson 4

Salesperson 5

Salesperson 6 Salesperson 7

Salesperson 8

Salesperson 9

Structure for Distribution

Client 410

Company CodeC100

Plant P100 Plant P101

Shipping PointExpress Dock

Loading PointLP01

Shipping PointFreight Dock

Shipping PointRail Dock

Loading PointLP02

Loading PointLP03

SD Master Data

Customer Master

Material Master

Sales Condition

Customer Master Data

Customer Mastern Contains all of the information necessary

for processing orders, deliveries, invoices and customer payment

n Every customer MUST have a master record

Created by Sales Arean Sales Organization

n Distribution Channel

n Division

Customer Master Data

The customer master information is divided into 3 areas:n General Data

n Company Code Data

n Sales Area Data

Customer Master

Client 410

General Information relevant for the entire organization:Name

AddressCommunication

Company Code 102Company Code 101

Company Code 100

Sales Org. 101

Sales Org. 100

Company Code specific information:Acc. Mgmt

PaymentBank

Sales Area specific information:Sales Office

Currency

Material Master Data

Material Mastern Contains all the information a company

needs to manage about a material

n It is used by most components within the SAP system

n Sales and Distribution

n Materials Management

n ProductionProduction

n Plant Maintenance

n Accounting/Controlling

n Quality Management

n Material master data is stored in functional segments called Views

Material Master Views

Basic Data

Sales Data

Purchasing Data

Mat. Plan. Data

Material Master

Controlling Data

Forecasting Data

Accounting Data

Storage Data

Quality Data

Material Master

Client 410

General Information relevant for the entire organization:NameWeight

U/M

Sales Org 102Sales Org 101

Sales Org 100

Storage Location 20Storage Location 10

Sales specific information: Delivery PlantLoading Grp

Storage Location specific information:Stock Qty

All of this together makes up the Master Record for a Material.

Customer Material Information Record

Data on a material defined for a specific customer is stored in a Customer material info record.

Info Records contain:n Customer-specific material numbern Customer-specific material descriptionn Customer-specific data on deliveries and

delivery tolerancesdelivery tolerances

You can also maintain default text to appear on sales orders for that customer

Condition Master (Pricing)

Condition master data includes:n Prices

n Surcharges

n Discounts

n Freights

n Taxes

You can define the condition master to You can define the condition master to be dependent on various data:n Material specific

n Customer specific

Conditions can be dependent on any document field

Output

Output is information that is sent to the customer using various media, such as:n E-mail

n Mail

n EDI

n Fax

n XMLn XML

Output examples:n Quotation

n Confirmation

n Invoice

Sales Order Process

Sales OrderEntry

Pick

CheckAvailability

Pre-salesActivities

Post GoodsIssue

Invoice Customer

PickMaterials

Receipt ofCustomer Payment

Pack Materials

Documents

SAP UNIVERSITY ALLIANCES ACADEMIC · PDF fileIntroduction to SAP ERP SAP ERP 6.0 Global Bikes Incorporation Trainer: Prof. Aradhana Gandhi, Symbiosis Centre for management and