Residential HVAC

Integration Opportunities

with CHP

Richard Lord

11-14-2016

Agenda

• Overview of the Residential HVAC Products

• Residential Marketing Data

• Typical HVAC Unit Operational Parameters

• Comments and Suggestions for CHP

2

North America Residential HVAC System

AC

HP

+ + +

+ +

+

+ +

SPP

T’stat

T’stat or Comm.

Controller

Ducted Systems Geothermal Systems

Outdoor Packaged Systems Ductless Systems

condenser

condenser

cooling coil

gas furnace

fan coil

controllercondenser

fan coil

Packaged

Split

3

Ducted System Options

+14 SEER

Outdoor Unit

+Select coil-only

options A or N

+Small N-coil ECM Furnace

=

= 14 SEER “COIL ONLY”

14 SEER SYSTEM

(SE) 24ACC4

Small Outdoor

+

14-16 SEER

Outdoor Unit

Small N-Coil

= 14 SEER “COIL ONLY”(SE) 24ABC6

Large Outdoor

No “one solution” for every application, region, or customer

Example: multiple ways to build a 14 SEER System

4

Features & benefits

Mark

et S

egm

ents

Air Cooled Product Tiered Lineup

24VNA9, Var Spd AC (SW, SE)

24ANB1, 2-stage (SW)

24ANB7, 2-stage (SW)

24ANB6 (SE)

24AAA6 (SW)

24ABC6 (SE)

24AAA5 (SW)

24ACC4 (SE)

24ABB3 (North)

24ACB7, 2-stage (SW)

24ACC6 (SE)

24ACB3 (North)

SW models can be used anywhere

SE models can be used in SE & North

CA16NW (SW)

CA16NA (SE)

CA15 (SW)

CA14 (SE)

CA13 (North)

SENTRY

5

Features & benefits

Mark

et S

egm

ents

Air Source Heat Pump Lineup

25VNA0, Greenspeed HP

25VNA8, Variable Speed HP

25HNB9, 2-stage

25HNB6, 2-stage

25HNB5

25HBC5

25HCE4

25HCB6 2-stage

25HCC5

National standard – no regions

SENTRY

CH14

6

Fan Coil Product LineupM

ark

et

Se

gm

en

ts

7 model families

Multi-Family

Fan Coils

2 Models:Multi-poise: FX (large)

Multi-poise: FB (small)

Single stage

Non-communicating operation

FFMUp-flow

1 Model

Multi-poise: FE4

Up/Down flow: FE5

Variable Speed

Communicating operation

2 Models:Multi-poise FV (large)

Multi-poise FZ (small)

Two stage

Non-communicating operationFPM

Horizontal

Features & Benefits

7

N-COILS

Cased Coils

CNPVP – Up/down flow

CNPHP – Horizontal

CNPVT – Transition width

UnCased Coils

CNPVU – Up/downflow Puron®

refrigerant

CNRVU – Up/downflow R22

refrigerant

A-COILS

Cased Coils

CAPMP – Multipoise

UnCased Coils

CAPVU – Up/downflow Puron®

refrigerant

Slab-COILS

Cased Coils

CSPHP – Cased slab

Furnace coil Product lineup

wp 01-811-20424-258

Features & benefits

Mark

et S

egm

ents

Horizontal

Small Packaged Product Lineup

15~16 SEER, 12 EER, 8.0 HSPF

2-stage H & C

1-phase & 3-phase

FIOPs: Tin Plate, SSHX, CML options

YAC 48VG PAC 50VG

PHP 48VR HYB 50VR

YAC 48VL PAC 50VL

PHP 48VT HYB 50VT

14 SEER, 12 EER, 8.0 HSPF

1-stage H & C

1-phase & 3-phase (13 SEER only)

FIOPs: Tin Plate, SSHX, CML options, Louvers

AC 50ZP

HP 50ZH

14 SEER, 11.5 EER, 8.0 HSPF

1-stage H & C

ConvertibleConvertible

Consistent footprint design as 10 SEER 1998 product

9

Industry Split System Statistics

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015E

Segment Installed Base

(units, millions)

Add-on & Replacement

New Construction

Installed Base

Recession

2008 – 2010

Recession

1973 – 1975

Recession

1980 – 1982

Recession

1990 – 1992

Recession

2001 – 2003

13 SEER

Transition

2005Housing Recovery

2012 – 2015

Typical life of a residential split system is 15-18 years

Historical Efficiency Changes

11

Unit Size Distribution

12

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4.5 4 5

Axi

s Ti

tle

Unit Nominal Size (Tons)

2015 < 5 Ton ProductionIndustry Average = 2.9 TonsIndustry Average = 2.9 Tons

Residential Industry Segmentation

7%

16%

53%

Traditional

Add-On/Replacement

(AOR)

Single Family

Res. New Construction (RNC)

Other

Multi-Family

AOR

7%

16%

Multi-Family

RNC

43%

9%

15%

10%

AOR RetailSource: Global Insight & BIS

Americas HVAC internal estimates

Residential Cooling/Heating Load Profile

14

-5

0

5

10

15

20

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Load

(K

Btu

/hr)

Ambient (F)

Heating and Cooling Load Sacramento, CA - 2400 ft2 Low E Residential Home

Total Space Cooling Load (kBtu/hr) Space Heating Load (kBtu/hr)

ASHRAE 169 Climate Zone 3BDesign 0.4% DB =100.4 FDesign 0.4% WB = 70.7 FExtreme DB =106.4 F

Typical Cooling DesignSelection (15% Oversize)

Heating DesignSelection 20% Oversize)

Small Commercial Office Load Profile

15

Space Heating, 19801, 35%

Total Cooling, 21488, 39%

Domestic Hot Water, 14645,

26%

2400 ft2 Low EResidential Building Annual Energy Use Sacramento Ca

kBtu/hr

Residential HVAC Energy Use

16

19801

16466

5022

21488

14645

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Space Heating Space SensibleCooling

Space LatentCooling

Total Cooling Domestic HotWater

An

nu

al E

ne

rgy

(kB

tu/h

r)

2400 ft2 Low E Residential Building Annual Load Sacramento CA

Sacrament CA is

in Climate Zone 3a

Equipment Cooling Energy Use

17

HVAC energy use is a function of ambient – Shown is a typical 3 ton 11 EER unit

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Tota

l HV

AC

Po

we

r (k

W)

Ambient Temperature (F)

3 Ton Total Power

AHRI Full Load Rating

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Po

we

r In

ten

sity

(kw

/to

n)

Ambient Temperature (F)

3 Ton power/capacity ratio

AHRI Full Load Rating

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Cap

acit

y p

er

1 k

w p

ow

er

sup

ply

(to

ns)

Ambient Temperature (F)

Capacity per 1 kw Power Supply

AHRI Full Load Rating

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Effi

cie

ncy

(B

tu/w

att)

Ambient Temperature (F)

3 Ton Cooling Efficiency

AHRI Full Load Rating

Residential Unit Capacity Control

Historically residential and even light commercial HVAC less than 5 tons have been

single stage machines and capacity is controlled by on-off cycling which means

they draw full power when on and then turn off.

Unit are starting to change to 2 stage and variable speed

18

Staged capacity and

variable speed is growing,

but most retrofit will be

single stage

Year of Production

% o

f S

ales

Combined Heat and Power Considerations

Application Issue of HVAC units with CHP Units

Average home will be closer to 3 tons and would require closer to a 4 kW

CHP unit for up to maximum ambient applications

Unlike other loads, HVAC power requirements are tied to ambient

temperatures

A 1 kW CHP unit will likely not cover the power requirements of most HVAC

cooling units on an instantaneous basis

Also need to factor in they have significant inrush startup power

requirements

Most units are single stage and therefore draw full power when on

New inverter driven units could be slowed to draw less power at low load

conditions and then allowed to run longer to meet cooling requirements

Retrofit to existing applications will typically be single stage and likely less

efficient products (13, SEER, 10 SEER)

19

Combined Heat and Power Considerations

Other thoughts and considerations

• Thermal and electric storage combined with the CHP and HVAC could allow for

use of the smaller CHP

• Waste heat can be used for water heating and should consider counterblow

heating and pre-heating of the water with large storage capacity

• In very humid climates the waste heat could be used for reheat and or for

desiccant dehumidification systems

• High thermal mass buildings with nighttime precooling and economizer cycles

could reduce the peak load nature of HVAC cooling

20

Questions

21