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Marian Florescu
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyHearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State University
Marian FlorescuMarian Florescu
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnoloNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologygyHearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State UniverHearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State Universitysity
Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals
Applications toThermal Radiation Management and
Optical Information Processing
Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic CrystalsPhotonic Crystals
Applications toApplications toThermal Radiation Management and Thermal Radiation Management and
Optical Information ProcessingOptical Information Processing
Work done in collaboration with
Jonathan Dowling LSUSajeev John University of TorontoKurt Busch Karlsruhe University
Work done in collaboration with
Jonathan Dowling LSUSajeev John University of TorontoKurt Busch Karlsruhe University
1D
waveguide array layered structure fiber Bragg grating
Photonic CrystalsPhotonic Crystals
3D
2D
Full control the generation and flow of lightFull control the generation and flow of light
Thermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally driven
Spectral and directional control
Efficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systems
Thermal Radiation Management Systems
Satellites radiators and reflectors
Tunable thermal signature
Thermal sensingNarrow-band chemical sensorsBiological sensors
Thermal radiationThermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally drivenSpontaneous emission thermally driven
Spectral and directional controlSpectral and directional control
Efficient energy conversion devicesEfficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systemsEnergy harvesting systems
Thermal Radiation Management SystemsThermal Radiation Management Systems
Satellites radiators and reflectorsSatellites radiators and reflectors
TunableTunable thermal signature thermal signature
Thermal sensingThermal sensingNarrowNarrow--band chemical sensorsband chemical sensorsBiological sensorsBiological sensors
Thermal Emissivity ControlApplications
Thermal Emissivity ControlThermal Emissivity ControlApplicationsApplications
Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation flux
spectral intensity
directional spectral intensity
Spectral energy density Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux
spectral intensityspectral intensity
directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity
Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=
M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours
Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics
Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
TT11
0505
00λλ
ΔλΔλ
λ1λ1
n1n1
λ2λ2
n2n2
Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response
Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching
Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response
Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching
Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor
Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor
(3)χ
IoutIoutIinIin
IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Work done in collaboration with
Jonathan Dowling LSUSajeev John University of TorontoKurt Busch Karlsruhe University
Work done in collaboration with
Jonathan Dowling LSUSajeev John University of TorontoKurt Busch Karlsruhe University
1D
waveguide array layered structure fiber Bragg grating
Photonic CrystalsPhotonic Crystals
3D
2D
Full control the generation and flow of lightFull control the generation and flow of light
Thermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally driven
Spectral and directional control
Efficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systems
Thermal Radiation Management Systems
Satellites radiators and reflectors
Tunable thermal signature
Thermal sensingNarrow-band chemical sensorsBiological sensors
Thermal radiationThermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally drivenSpontaneous emission thermally driven
Spectral and directional controlSpectral and directional control
Efficient energy conversion devicesEfficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systemsEnergy harvesting systems
Thermal Radiation Management SystemsThermal Radiation Management Systems
Satellites radiators and reflectorsSatellites radiators and reflectors
TunableTunable thermal signature thermal signature
Thermal sensingThermal sensingNarrowNarrow--band chemical sensorsband chemical sensorsBiological sensorsBiological sensors
Thermal Emissivity ControlApplications
Thermal Emissivity ControlThermal Emissivity ControlApplicationsApplications
Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation flux
spectral intensity
directional spectral intensity
Spectral energy density Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux
spectral intensityspectral intensity
directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity
Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=
M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours
Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics
Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
TT11
0505
00λλ
ΔλΔλ
λ1λ1
n1n1
λ2λ2
n2n2
Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response
Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching
Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response
Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching
Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor
Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor
(3)χ
IoutIoutIinIin
IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
1D
waveguide array layered structure fiber Bragg grating
Photonic CrystalsPhotonic Crystals
3D
2D
Full control the generation and flow of lightFull control the generation and flow of light
Thermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally driven
Spectral and directional control
Efficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systems
Thermal Radiation Management Systems
Satellites radiators and reflectors
Tunable thermal signature
Thermal sensingNarrow-band chemical sensorsBiological sensors
Thermal radiationThermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally drivenSpontaneous emission thermally driven
Spectral and directional controlSpectral and directional control
Efficient energy conversion devicesEfficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systemsEnergy harvesting systems
Thermal Radiation Management SystemsThermal Radiation Management Systems
Satellites radiators and reflectorsSatellites radiators and reflectors
TunableTunable thermal signature thermal signature
Thermal sensingThermal sensingNarrowNarrow--band chemical sensorsband chemical sensorsBiological sensorsBiological sensors
Thermal Emissivity ControlApplications
Thermal Emissivity ControlThermal Emissivity ControlApplicationsApplications
Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation flux
spectral intensity
directional spectral intensity
Spectral energy density Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux
spectral intensityspectral intensity
directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity
Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=
M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours
Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics
Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
TT11
0505
00λλ
ΔλΔλ
λ1λ1
n1n1
λ2λ2
n2n2
Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response
Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching
Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response
Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching
Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor
Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor
(3)χ
IoutIoutIinIin
IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally driven
Spectral and directional control
Efficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systems
Thermal Radiation Management Systems
Satellites radiators and reflectors
Tunable thermal signature
Thermal sensingNarrow-band chemical sensorsBiological sensors
Thermal radiationThermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally drivenSpontaneous emission thermally driven
Spectral and directional controlSpectral and directional control
Efficient energy conversion devicesEfficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systemsEnergy harvesting systems
Thermal Radiation Management SystemsThermal Radiation Management Systems
Satellites radiators and reflectorsSatellites radiators and reflectors
TunableTunable thermal signature thermal signature
Thermal sensingThermal sensingNarrowNarrow--band chemical sensorsband chemical sensorsBiological sensorsBiological sensors
Thermal Emissivity ControlApplications
Thermal Emissivity ControlThermal Emissivity ControlApplicationsApplications
Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation flux
spectral intensity
directional spectral intensity
Spectral energy density Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux
spectral intensityspectral intensity
directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity
Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=
M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours
Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics
Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
TT11
0505
00λλ
ΔλΔλ
λ1λ1
n1n1
λ2λ2
n2n2
Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response
Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching
Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response
Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching
Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor
Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor
(3)χ
IoutIoutIinIin
IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation flux
spectral intensity
directional spectral intensity
Spectral energy density Spectral energy density
Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux
spectral intensityspectral intensity
directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity
Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
1 ( )(
) ( )2
()d
d
n TI T A ωω ω ωπ
= ΣΩ
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d
rn kdr r
r
ni TK
Tμμ
ω θ ϕωπ ϕ
ω ωθ
=Ω sum
( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=
M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours
Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics
Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
TT11
0505
00λλ
ΔλΔλ
λ1λ1
n1n1
λ2λ2
n2n2
Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response
Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching
Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response
Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching
Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor
Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor
(3)χ
IoutIoutIinIin
IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths
small iso-frequency contour curvature
Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours
Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics
Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
TT11
0505
00λλ
ΔλΔλ
λ1λ1
n1n1
λ2λ2
n2n2
Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response
Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching
Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response
Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching
Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor
Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor
(3)χ
IoutIoutIinIin
IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics
Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Spectral hemispherical emissive power
propagating radiation conserved at an interface
enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
TT11
0505
00λλ
ΔλΔλ
λ1λ1
n1n1
λ2λ2
n2n2
Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response
Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching
Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response
Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching
Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor
Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor
(3)χ
IoutIoutIinIin
IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics
TT11
0505
00λλ
ΔλΔλ
λ1λ1
n1n1
λ2λ2
n2n2
Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response
Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching
Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response
Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching
Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor
Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor
(3)χ
IoutIoutIinIin
IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
TT11
0505
00λλ
ΔλΔλ
λ1λ1
n1n1
λ2λ2
n2n2
Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response
Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching
Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance
Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response
Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching
Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor
Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor
(3)χ
IoutIoutIinIin
IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)
Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal
Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms
Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder
Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching
collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms
natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)
photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1
S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals
Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification behavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral component
Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration
Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior
Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components
Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component
M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
On-chip 3DPBG
mode 1
mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2
Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)
Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching
Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo
Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)
Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor
Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor
A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals
AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals
Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor
Probe LaserProbe Laser
Pump LaserPump Laser
Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip
Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations
collective atomic responsecollective atomic response
small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio
Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification
small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy
Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip
Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm
Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources
Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources
Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth
PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations
effective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission
ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope
Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth
PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns
effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal
Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on
High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standards
High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution
scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing
metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation
3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation
Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap
single-mode operation
Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure
RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap
singlesingle--mode operation mode operation
Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement
operating spectral range
2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement
additional photon modes
Waveguide channelsingle-mode
one-dimensional character
3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement
operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range
2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement
additional photon modesadditional photon modes
Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode
oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms
STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structure
4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon
rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon
STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage
deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale
Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure
44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon
rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon
M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process
How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process
Trigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission
Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)
Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism
Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal
The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift
Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous
emission emission
Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)
On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available
OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable
M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress
Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities
Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)
2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing
M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)
2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser
H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic
Opt Express 13 (2005)
2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser
M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp
Wurzburg University
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
ConclusionsConclusions
Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources
on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures
Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control
highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis
Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action
large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures
Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources
onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures