19
Marian Florescu NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, Louisiana State University Marian Florescu Marian Florescu NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technolo NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technolo gy gy Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, Louisiana State Univer Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, Louisiana State Univer sity sity Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals: Applications to Thermal Radiation Management and Optical Information Processing Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals: Photonic Crystals: Applications to Applications to Thermal Radiation Management and Thermal Radiation Management and Optical Information Processing Optical Information Processing

Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

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Page 1: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Marian Florescu

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyHearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State University

Marian FlorescuMarian Florescu

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnoloNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologygyHearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State UniverHearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State Universitysity

Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals

Applications toThermal Radiation Management and

Optical Information Processing

Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic CrystalsPhotonic Crystals

Applications toApplications toThermal Radiation Management and Thermal Radiation Management and

Optical Information ProcessingOptical Information Processing

Work done in collaboration with

Jonathan Dowling LSUSajeev John University of TorontoKurt Busch Karlsruhe University

Work done in collaboration with

Jonathan Dowling LSUSajeev John University of TorontoKurt Busch Karlsruhe University

1D

waveguide array layered structure fiber Bragg grating

Photonic CrystalsPhotonic Crystals

3D

2D

Full control the generation and flow of lightFull control the generation and flow of light

Thermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally driven

Spectral and directional control

Efficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systems

Thermal Radiation Management Systems

Satellites radiators and reflectors

Tunable thermal signature

Thermal sensingNarrow-band chemical sensorsBiological sensors

Thermal radiationThermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally drivenSpontaneous emission thermally driven

Spectral and directional controlSpectral and directional control

Efficient energy conversion devicesEfficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systemsEnergy harvesting systems

Thermal Radiation Management SystemsThermal Radiation Management Systems

Satellites radiators and reflectorsSatellites radiators and reflectors

TunableTunable thermal signature thermal signature

Thermal sensingThermal sensingNarrowNarrow--band chemical sensorsband chemical sensorsBiological sensorsBiological sensors

Thermal Emissivity ControlApplications

Thermal Emissivity ControlThermal Emissivity ControlApplicationsApplications

Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation flux

spectral intensity

directional spectral intensity

Spectral energy density Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux

spectral intensityspectral intensity

directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity

Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=

M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours

Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics

Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

TT11

0505

00λλ

ΔλΔλ

λ1λ1

n1n1

λ2λ2

n2n2

Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response

Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching

Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response

Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching

Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor

Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor

(3)χ

IoutIoutIinIin

IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 2: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Work done in collaboration with

Jonathan Dowling LSUSajeev John University of TorontoKurt Busch Karlsruhe University

Work done in collaboration with

Jonathan Dowling LSUSajeev John University of TorontoKurt Busch Karlsruhe University

1D

waveguide array layered structure fiber Bragg grating

Photonic CrystalsPhotonic Crystals

3D

2D

Full control the generation and flow of lightFull control the generation and flow of light

Thermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally driven

Spectral and directional control

Efficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systems

Thermal Radiation Management Systems

Satellites radiators and reflectors

Tunable thermal signature

Thermal sensingNarrow-band chemical sensorsBiological sensors

Thermal radiationThermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally drivenSpontaneous emission thermally driven

Spectral and directional controlSpectral and directional control

Efficient energy conversion devicesEfficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systemsEnergy harvesting systems

Thermal Radiation Management SystemsThermal Radiation Management Systems

Satellites radiators and reflectorsSatellites radiators and reflectors

TunableTunable thermal signature thermal signature

Thermal sensingThermal sensingNarrowNarrow--band chemical sensorsband chemical sensorsBiological sensorsBiological sensors

Thermal Emissivity ControlApplications

Thermal Emissivity ControlThermal Emissivity ControlApplicationsApplications

Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation flux

spectral intensity

directional spectral intensity

Spectral energy density Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux

spectral intensityspectral intensity

directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity

Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=

M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours

Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics

Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

TT11

0505

00λλ

ΔλΔλ

λ1λ1

n1n1

λ2λ2

n2n2

Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response

Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching

Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response

Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching

Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor

Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor

(3)χ

IoutIoutIinIin

IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 3: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

1D

waveguide array layered structure fiber Bragg grating

Photonic CrystalsPhotonic Crystals

3D

2D

Full control the generation and flow of lightFull control the generation and flow of light

Thermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally driven

Spectral and directional control

Efficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systems

Thermal Radiation Management Systems

Satellites radiators and reflectors

Tunable thermal signature

Thermal sensingNarrow-band chemical sensorsBiological sensors

Thermal radiationThermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally drivenSpontaneous emission thermally driven

Spectral and directional controlSpectral and directional control

Efficient energy conversion devicesEfficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systemsEnergy harvesting systems

Thermal Radiation Management SystemsThermal Radiation Management Systems

Satellites radiators and reflectorsSatellites radiators and reflectors

TunableTunable thermal signature thermal signature

Thermal sensingThermal sensingNarrowNarrow--band chemical sensorsband chemical sensorsBiological sensorsBiological sensors

Thermal Emissivity ControlApplications

Thermal Emissivity ControlThermal Emissivity ControlApplicationsApplications

Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation flux

spectral intensity

directional spectral intensity

Spectral energy density Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux

spectral intensityspectral intensity

directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity

Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=

M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours

Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics

Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

TT11

0505

00λλ

ΔλΔλ

λ1λ1

n1n1

λ2λ2

n2n2

Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response

Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching

Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response

Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching

Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor

Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor

(3)χ

IoutIoutIinIin

IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 4: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Thermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally driven

Spectral and directional control

Efficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systems

Thermal Radiation Management Systems

Satellites radiators and reflectors

Tunable thermal signature

Thermal sensingNarrow-band chemical sensorsBiological sensors

Thermal radiationThermal radiationSpontaneous emission thermally drivenSpontaneous emission thermally driven

Spectral and directional controlSpectral and directional control

Efficient energy conversion devicesEfficient energy conversion devicesPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsPhotonic crystal based lightning systemsEnergy harvesting systemsEnergy harvesting systems

Thermal Radiation Management SystemsThermal Radiation Management Systems

Satellites radiators and reflectorsSatellites radiators and reflectors

TunableTunable thermal signature thermal signature

Thermal sensingThermal sensingNarrowNarrow--band chemical sensorsband chemical sensorsBiological sensorsBiological sensors

Thermal Emissivity ControlApplications

Thermal Emissivity ControlThermal Emissivity ControlApplicationsApplications

Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation flux

spectral intensity

directional spectral intensity

Spectral energy density Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux

spectral intensityspectral intensity

directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity

Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=

M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours

Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics

Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

TT11

0505

00λλ

ΔλΔλ

λ1λ1

n1n1

λ2λ2

n2n2

Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response

Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching

Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response

Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching

Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor

Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor

(3)χ

IoutIoutIinIin

IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 5: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation flux

spectral intensity

directional spectral intensity

Spectral energy density Spectral energy density

Thermal radiation fluxThermal radiation flux

spectral intensityspectral intensity

directional spectral intensitydirectional spectral intensity

Thermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation CharacteristicsThermal Radiation Characteristics

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

1 ( )(

) ( )2

()d

d

n TI T A ωω ω ωπ

= ΣΩ

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) 1 1( )(2 ) ( )d

rn kdr r

r

ni TK

Tμμ

ω θ ϕωπ ϕ

ω ωθ

=Ω sum

( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=( ) )( ) (W T d n dVT ωω ω ω ω Σ=

M Florescu et al PRB (2007)M Florescu et al PRB (2007)

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours

Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics

Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

TT11

0505

00λλ

ΔλΔλ

λ1λ1

n1n1

λ2λ2

n2n2

Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response

Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching

Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response

Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching

Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor

Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor

(3)χ

IoutIoutIinIin

IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 6: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Dispersion Relation for a 2D Photonic Crystal

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Properties of the thermal radiation flux in photonic crystalslarge iso-frequency contour lengths

small iso-frequency contour curvature

Band structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contoursBand structure (extended zone picture) Iso-frequency contours

Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics

Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

TT11

0505

00λλ

ΔλΔλ

λ1λ1

n1n1

λ2λ2

n2n2

Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response

Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching

Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response

Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching

Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor

Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor

(3)χ

IoutIoutIinIin

IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 7: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Thermal Emission CharacteristicsThermal Emission Characteristics

Spectral energy density Hemispherical emissive powerSpectral energy density Hemispherical emissive power

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral Energy Densitylocalized energy

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Spectral hemispherical emissive power

propagating radiation conserved at an interface

enhanced or suppressed relative to a homogeneous medium

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

TT11

0505

00λλ

ΔλΔλ

λ1λ1

n1n1

λ2λ2

n2n2

Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response

Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching

Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response

Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching

Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor

Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor

(3)χ

IoutIoutIinIin

IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 8: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

Directional Spectral Emissive PowerThermal Photonic Caustics

TT11

0505

00λλ

ΔλΔλ

λ1λ1

n1n1

λ2λ2

n2n2

Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response

Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching

Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response

Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching

Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor

Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor

(3)χ

IoutIoutIinIin

IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 9: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

TT11

0505

00λλ

ΔλΔλ

λ1λ1

n1n1

λ2λ2

n2n2

Operating principleintensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response

Fundamental Limitationsτswitch Pswitch = constincoherent character of the switching

Operating principleOperating principleintensity dependent index of refraction intensity dependent index of refraction tuning of the cavity resonance tuning of the cavity resonance

Implementation issues and limitationsImplementation issues and limitationsweak optical nonlinearitiesweak optical nonlinearitiesslow response slow response

Fundamental LimitationsFundamental Limitationsττswitchswitch PPswitchswitch = const= constincoherent character of the switching incoherent character of the switching

Applications to All-Optical Information Processing All-Optical Transistor

Applications to AllApplications to All--Optical Information Optical Information Processing AllProcessing All--Optical Transistor Optical Transistor

(3)χ

IoutIoutIinIin

IHIHHM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)HM Gibbs et al PRL 36 1135 (1976)

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 10: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Atomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic CrystalsAtomic Inversion in Photonic Crystals

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudo-gap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against non-radiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number of atoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)

Sharp atomic population switching in a pseudoSharp atomic population switching in a pseudo--gap photonic crystalgap photonic crystal

Small fluctuations in the number of excited atomsSmall fluctuations in the number of excited atoms

Robust against nonRobust against non--radiative relaxation and disorderradiative relaxation and disorder

Collective enhancement of the switching Collective enhancement of the switching

collective response time inversely proportional to the number ofcollective response time inversely proportional to the number of atomsatoms

natural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the numnatural broadening of the gain spectrum (proportional to the number of atoms)ber of atoms)

photon frequency0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

S John PRL (1997)S John PRL (1997)

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 11: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Switching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystals

Switching and AmplificationSwitching and Amplificationin Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Signal field probing the ldquonon-linearrdquo atom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification behavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral component

Signal field probing the Signal field probing the ldquoldquononnon--linearlinearrdquordquo atom configurationatom configuration

Dual band switching and amplification Dual band switching and amplification behaviorbehavior

Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components Equal magnitude of the absorbing and amplifying components

Change of the character of an individual spectral componentChange of the character of an individual spectral component

M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)M Florescu and S John PRA (2004)

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 12: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

On-chip 3DPBG

mode 1

mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state ldquoholding fieldrdquoinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2

Weak pump and probe fieldsWeak pump and probe fieldspropagate through air (mode 1)propagate through air (mode 1)

Steady state Steady state ldquoldquoholding fieldholding fieldrdquordquoinjected near band edge ofinjected near band edge ofair waveguide mode 2air waveguide mode 2

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Architecture for coherent resonantldquoatomicrdquo switching

Two air waveguide modes in theldquoengineered vacuumrdquo

Evanescent coupling to two-levelsystems (quantum dots)

Photonic Crystal Architectures for All-Optical Transistor

Photonic Crystal Architectures for Photonic Crystal Architectures for AllAll--Optical TransistorOptical Transistor

A Chutinan PRL (2004)A Chutinan PRL (2004)

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 13: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

All-Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystals

AllAll--Optical Transistor Action Optical Transistor Action in Photonic Crystalsin Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystal all-optical transistorPhotonic crystal allPhotonic crystal all--optical transistoroptical transistor

Probe LaserProbe Laser

Pump LaserPump Laser

Fast response time and small fluctuations collective atomic responsesmall signal-to-noise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationsmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbations20 micron device integrable on an all-optical chip

Fast response time and small fluctuations Fast response time and small fluctuations

collective atomic responsecollective atomic response

small signalsmall signal--toto--noise rationoise ratio

Coherent switching and amplificationCoherent switching and amplification

small amount of dissipated energysmall amount of dissipated energy

Miniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbatioMiniaturization and robustness against environmental perturbationsns20 micron device 20 micron device integrableintegrable on an allon an all--optical chipoptical chip

Operating ParametersSwitching power 50-500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Size 20 μm

Operating ParametersOperating ParametersSwitching power 50Switching power 50--500 pW500 pWSwitching time lt 1 ps Switching time lt 1 ps Size Size 20 20 μμmm

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 14: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon Sources

Applications to Quantum Information Applications to Quantum Information Processing Single Photon SourcesProcessing Single Photon Sources

Er3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomic-force microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structurersquos growth

PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locations

effective one-dimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission

ErEr3+3+ ions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialions embedded in the dielectric part of a PBG materialAtomicAtomic--force microscopeforce microscope

Sparse ion implantation during structureSparse ion implantation during structurersquorsquos growths growth

PBG architecture PBG architecture prescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locatioprescribed density of states at specific frequencies and locationsns

effective oneeffective one--dimensional photonic crystaldimensional photonic crystal

Design flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emissiDesign flexibility pump and trigger of the single photon emission on

High fidelity single-photon sources eavesdropper-proof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standards

High fidelity singleHigh fidelity single--photon sources photon sources eavesdroppereavesdropper--proof quantum key distributionproof quantum key distribution

scalable linear optical computing scalable linear optical computing

metrology building luminosity standardsmetrology building luminosity standards

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 15: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

3D Photonic Band-Gap Architectures for Single-Photon Generation

3D Photonic Band3D Photonic Band--Gap Architectures for Gap Architectures for SingleSingle--Photon GenerationPhoton Generation

Requirementslarge and relative stable band-gap

single-mode operation

Design 1D channel in a 2D-3D heterostructure

RequirementsRequirementslarge and relative stable bandlarge and relative stable band--gap gap

singlesingle--mode operation mode operation

Design Design 1D channel in a 2D1D channel in a 2D--3D heterostructure3D heterostructure3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinement

operating spectral range

2D photonic crystalin-plane confinement

additional photon modes

Waveguide channelsingle-mode

one-dimensional character

3D photonic crystal3D photonic crystalfull vertical confinementfull vertical confinement

operating spectral rangeoperating spectral range

2D photonic crystal2D photonic crystalinin--plane confinementplane confinement

additional photon modesadditional photon modes

Waveguide channelWaveguide channelsinglesingle--modemode

oneone--dimensional characterdimensional character R Wang and S John PRA (2004)R Wang and S John PRA (2004)

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 16: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Pump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger MechanismsPump and Trigger Mechanisms

STIRAP pumping scheme stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

deterministic excitation process4I112 rarr 4I132 decay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structure

4I112 rarr 4I132 transition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional ldquospontaneousrdquo emission of a single photon

rArr Fast on-demand release of a single photon

STIRAP pumping scheme stiSTIRAP pumping scheme stimulated mulated RRaman aman aadiabatic diabatic ppassageassage

deterministic excitation processdeterministic excitation process44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 decay very slow 1 ms time scaledecay very slow 1 ms time scale

Photonic crystal structurePhotonic crystal structure

44II112112 rarrrarr 44II132132 transitiontransition falls in a spectral region with a large DOSfalls in a spectral region with a large DOSprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsprovides an efficient coupling to pumping fieldsunidirectional unidirectional ldquoldquospontaneousspontaneousrdquordquo emission of a single photon emission of a single photon

rArrrArr Fast onFast on--demand release of a single photon demand release of a single photon

M Florescu et al EPL (2005)M Florescu et al EPL (2005)

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 17: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission Process

How to Release a Photon Nonlinear How to Release a Photon Nonlinear Tuning of the Emission ProcessTuning of the Emission Process

Trigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission

Ion resonant frequency- in the gap (off) - in continuum of modes (on)

Trigger MechanismTrigger Mechanism

Nonlinear photonic crystal Nonlinear photonic crystal

The band structure features shiftThe band structure features shift

Controlled onset of the spontaneous Controlled onset of the spontaneous

emission emission

Ion resonant frequencyIon resonant frequency-- in the gap (off) in the gap (off) -- in continuum of modes (on) in continuum of modes (on)

On-demand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1-10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available

OnOn--demand single photonsdemand single photonstotal repetition rate of 1total repetition rate of 1--10 MHz10 MHzunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes avunidirectional operation of the device and additional modes available ailable

M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)M Florescu et al Physica E (2006)

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 18: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

Experimental ProgressExperimental ProgressExperimental Progress

Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nano-cavitiesSpectral and spatial coupling of Spectral and spatial coupling of quantum dots to nanoquantum dots to nano--cavitiescavities

Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)Bodolato et alScience 308 (2005)

2D-3D heterostructures by direct laser writing2D2D--3D heterostructures 3D heterostructures by direct laser writingby direct laser writing

M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)M Deubel et alOpt Lett 31 (2006)

2D photonic nano-cavity array laser2D photonic nano2D photonic nano--cavity array lasercavity array laser

H Altug J Vuckovic Opt Express 13 (2005) H Altug J Vuckovic

Opt Express 13 (2005)

2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser

M KampWurzburg UniversityM Kamp

Wurzburg University

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Page 19: Quantum Nonlinear Effects in Photonic Crystals ...phys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/qmhp/talks/florescu.pdf2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW Laser2D photonic crystal CROW

ConclusionsConclusions

Thermal radiation controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt all-optical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingsingle photon sources

on-demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architectures

Thermal radiationThermal radiation controlcontrolspectral and directional emissivity controlspectral and directional emissivity control

highly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysishighly efficient algorithms for topology surface analysis

Controlling light with light Controlling light with light atomic switching =gt allatomic switching =gt all--optical transistor actionoptical transistor action

large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal large scale computations for optimized photonic crystal heterostructuresheterostructures

Enabling quantum information processingEnabling quantum information processingsingle photon sourcessingle photon sources

onon--demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single demand unidirectional high repetition emission of single photons from optimized photonic crystal architecturesphotons from optimized photonic crystal architectures