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Presented to: 2009 International Laser Safety Conference
By: Van B. Nakagawara, O.D.Date: March 23-26, 2009
Federal AviationAdministration
Federal AviationAdministration
Laser Illumination of Pilots in the NASMarch 23-26, 2009
Laser Illumination of
Pilots in the
National Airspace
System
Federal AviationAdministration
3Federal AviationAdministration
Laser Illumination of Pilots in the NASMarch 23-26, 2009
Green laser pointers
are now responsible
for > 86% of aircraft
lazing incidents.
Their light (532 nm) is
near the human eyes’
peak sensitivity.
Green laser pointers
are now responsible
for > 86% of aircraft
lazing incidents.
Their light (532 nm) is
near the human eyes’
peak sensitivity.
Federal AviationAdministration
4Federal AviationAdministration
Laser Illumination of Pilots in the NASMarch 23-26, 2009
642412192517TOTAL
910155≥10K
371379148CRITICAL
18105964LASER FREE
AFTER-IMAGEFLASH-
BLINDNESSGLARE
COCKPITILLUMINATIONS
OPERATIONALPROBLEM
PAIN/INJURY
VISUAL EFFECTS
ZONE
Visual and Physiological Effects and Operational Problems by Altitude
Federal AviationAdministration
5Federal AviationAdministration
Laser Illumination of Pilots in the NASMarch 23-26, 2009
Percentage of Laser Illuminationsby
Percentage of Laser Illuminationsby
MonthMonth Type of FlightType of Flight
Federal AviationAdministration
6Federal AviationAdministration
Laser Illumination of Pilots in the NASMarch 23-26, 2009
Percentage of Laser Illuminations by Time of Day
Percentage of Laser Illuminations by Time of Day
Note: Laser Illuminations occur most frequently from 6:30 – 11:30 p.m. Note: Laser Illuminations occur most frequently from 6:30 – 11:30 p.m.
Federal AviationAdministration
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Laser Illumination of Pilots in the NASMarch 23-26, 2009
FAA Order 7400.2 was revised to establish
zones of navigable airspace around
airports to protect flight crewmembers
from temporary visual impairment during
critical flight operations.
FAA Order 7400.2 was revised to establish
zones of navigable airspace around
airports to protect flight crewmembers
from temporary visual impairment during
critical flight operations.
FAA Order 7400.2 FLIGHT ZONES FLIGHT ZONES
FAA Order 7400.2 FLIGHT ZONES FLIGHT ZONES
FAA 737 Flight SimulatorFAA 737 Flight Simulator
Kodak DC240, aperture f/2.8, shutter speed 1/6 sKodak DC240, aperture f/2.8, shutter speed 1/6 s
Irradiance level: 0.5 µW/cm2
Simulates the effect of a 5 mW green laser pointer as seen from 3,000 feet away, or a 300 mW laser from 16,000 feet away
Irradiance level: 5 µW/cm2
Simulates the effect of a 5 mW green laser pointer as seen from 1,000 feet away, or a 300 mW laser from 6,700 feet away
Simulates the effect of a 5 mW green laser pointer as seen from 330 feet away, or a 300 mW laser from 2,400 feet away
Simulates the effect of a 5 mW green laser pointer as seen from 330 feet away, or a 300 mW laser from 2,400 feet away
Irradiance level: 50 µW/cm2 Irradiance level: 50 µW/cm2
Federal AviationAdministration
14Federal AviationAdministration
Laser Illumination of Pilots in the NASMarch 23-26, 2009
Fly Safely!
