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Control of odorous compounds usingControl of odorous compounds using E-beam
Jo Chun Kim Youn Suk SonJo-Chun Kim, Youn-Suk Son, In-Won Kim
Konkuk University
BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground
Conventional control techniquesBurnerBurner
q
– Carbon Adsorption
– Absorption
– Thermal Oxidation
FanFan
Heat Heat ExchangerExchanger
RTO (Regenerative Thermal Oxidation)
– Catalytic Oxidation
RCO (Regenerative Catalytic Oxidation)
ReactorReactor
ExhaustExhaust
– Biological Treatment
Novel techniques
– Nonthermal Plasma
– Photocatalyst / UV
– Electron Beam
2
– Hybrid Processes (Electron Beam / Plasma + Catalyst)
EE--beam Techniquebeam TechniqueEE beam Techniquebeam Technique
H.V. Terminal
Electron Gun
ScannerAccelerating
tube
Ti foilElectron beam
ScreenIrradiated material
3
CRT monitor Electron Accelerator
EE--beam Techniquebeam TechniqueEE beam Techniquebeam Technique
El B A lElectron Beam Accelerator
ELV-4 Type
Specification
Items Specification
Energy 1.0 MeV
Accelerator power 40 kWAccelerator power 40 kW
Maximum Beam current 40 mA
Extraction window dimension 980 mm ×75 mm
4
Conveyor velocity 0 ~ 40 m/min
EE--beam Techniquebeam TechniqueEE beam Technique beam Technique Main reaction : Radiational reaction by radicals
Reactive chemical species
Sub reaction : Direct collision of electrons onto target compounds
Radicals to participate in the Radicals to participate in the reactionreaction
·· OH, OH, ·· H, O, N, H, O, N, ·· HOHO22 Radical, Ion, Radical, Ion, OzoneOzone
OO O OO O ++ OO OOElectron beamElectron beam
OO22 →→ O, OO, O22++, O, O22
--, O, O33 , e , e --
NN22 →→ N, NN, N22++, N, N**, e , e --
HH OO HH + OH+ OH
Electron beamElectron beam
5
HH22O O →→ H H ·· + OH + OH ··
H H ·· + O+ O22 →→ HOHO22 ··Target compound + OH Target compound + OH ·· Aerosols + Gaseous compoundsAerosols + Gaseous compounds
Research objectivesResearch objectivesResearch objectivesResearch objectives
To review EB studies on VOCs and Odor compounds
To compare Aliphatic VOCs decomposition with Aromatic
VOCs using EB system
To compare EB with EB-hybrid ( + Catalyst or Scrubber)
tsystem
6
Removal efficiencies of Aromatic Removal efficiencies of Aromatic VOCVOC (B )(B )VOC VOC (Benzene)(Benzene)
0.9
1
160ppmC
0 5
0.6
0.7
0.8
C 0
160ppmC
650ppmC
900ppmC
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
C/C
0
0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Ab b d d (kG )
7
Absorbed dose (kGy)
Removal efficiencies of of Aromatic Removal efficiencies of of Aromatic VOCVOC (T l )(T l )VOC VOC (Toluene)(Toluene)
0.8
0.9
1
0.5
0.6
0.7
C/C 0
150ppmC
650ppmC
0.2
0.3
0.4
C
900ppmC
0
0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Absorbed dose (kGy)
8
Absorbed dose (kGy)
Removal efficiencies of Removal efficiencies of Aromatic Aromatic VOCVOC (St )(St )VOC VOC (Styrene)(Styrene)
0.8
1.0
0.4
0.6
C/C
0
0.0
0.2
0 2.5 5 7.5 10
Absorbed Dose (kGy)
0 100 200
9
50ppmv 100ppmv 200ppmv
Removal efficiencies ofRemoval efficiencies of AmmoniaAmmoniaRemoval efficiencies of Removal efficiencies of AmmoniaAmmonia
0.8
0.9
1
50ppm
0.5
0.6
0.7
C/C 0
80ppm
150ppm
0 2
0.3
0.4
C
0
0.1
0.2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Absorbed dose (kGy)
Removal efficiencies of Removal efficiencies of TMATMARemoval efficiencies of Removal efficiencies of TMATMA
0.8
1.0
0 4
0.6
C/C
o
0.2
0.4
0.0
0 2.5 5 7.5 10
Absorbed Dose (kGy)
50 ppmv 100 ppmv 200 ppmv
Removal efficiencies of Removal efficiencies of Odorous Odorous Sulfur CompoundsSulfur CompoundsRemoval efficiencies of Removal efficiencies of Odorous Odorous Sulfur CompoundsSulfur CompoundsSulfur CompoundsSulfur CompoundsSulfur CompoundsSulfur Compounds
H2S (Air) MM (Air)
DMS (Air) DMDS (Air)
Comparison of removal efficiencies Comparison of removal efficiencies f th d df th d dfor other odorous compoundsfor other odorous compounds
70
80
90
100
(%)
Initial concentration : 50ppm
30
40
50
60
Rem
oval
eff
icie
ncy
TMA StyreneAmmonia H2SMM DMS
70
80
90
100
(%)
0
10
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
R
Absorbed dose (kGy)
MM DMSDMDS Butylacetateo-Xylene EthylbenzeneToluene
30
40
50
60
Rem
oval
eff
icie
ncy
Source: 김기준, 2007; 김기형, 2008; 김필헌, 2010; 손영식, 2009, This study
0
10
20
TMA Styrene Ammonia H2S MM DMS DMDS
R
Odorous compounds
Removal efficiencies of Aliphatic Removal efficiencies of Aliphatic h d bh d b (M th )(M th )hydrocarbon hydrocarbon (Methane)(Methane)
0.8
0.9
1
0.5
0.6
0.7
C/C 0
270ppmC
0.2
0.3
0.4270ppmC
800ppmC
10,000ppmC
0
0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
14
Absorbed dose (kGy)
EBEB--hybrid Techniquehybrid TechniqueEBEB hybrid Technique hybrid Technique
VOC Decomposition by EB
Acceleration of Electron N2, O2, H2O, etc.
e-
OH , N , H , HO2 , O
p y
Irradiation of Electron
VOC Removal by R di l R ti
, , , 2 ,radicals
VOC
CO2 , O3 , By-products
Radical Reaction
e-
Oxidation by Catalyst
C t l t Activation of Catalyst & Oxidation of
by-Products
e
radical
Surface Activation Surface Reforming
CatalystO3
15
Surface Reforming
Oxidation of by-products & VOC
EBEB--hybrid Techniquehybrid TechniqueEBEB hybrid Technique hybrid Technique
Active Oxygen Species Active Oxygen Species
Decreaed Activation Energy Decreaed Activation Energy
Increasing Activation Sites Increasing Activation Sites
Ozone
E-BeamC lRadicals
El
IrradiationCatalyst
Oxidation of odor compounds on Catalyst Oxidation of odor compounds on Catalyst SurfaceSurface
Electrons
16
SurfaceSurfaceActivation of CatalystActivation of Catalyst
Prolongation of DurabilityProlongation of Durability
EBEB--hybrid Techniquehybrid Technique450℃
EBEB hybrid Technique hybrid Technique atu
reT
em
pera
Higher M.W. VOCLower M.W. VOCHCHO
C10H22
EBeam-Catalyst Coupling System Extensive M.W. VOC
Catalytic Oxidation E-Beam Irradiation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Acetaldehyde Acetylene Acrolein Acrylonitrile Benzene 1,3-Butadiene Butane1-Butene,2-Butene
Chloroform Cyclohexane
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Isopropyl Methyl Ethyl 1 1 1-
17
Diethylamine Dimethylamine Ethylene n-HexaneIsopropyl Alcohol
MethanolMethyl Ethyl
KetonePropylene Propylene Oxide
1,1,1Trichloroethane
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Trichloroethylene Acetic Acid Ethylbenzene Nitrobenzene Toluene Xylene Styrene
Effect of the coupling (Effect of the coupling (EB+CatEB+Cat ))Effect of the coupling (Effect of the coupling (EB+CatEB+Cat.).)
CH3 CH2
CH3
TolueneToluene EthylbenzeneEthylbenzene
Toluene removal by coupling system Toluene removal by coupling system ith i Pt Pd dith i Pt Pd d MM l dil diwith various Pt, Pd, and with various Pt, Pd, and MnMn loadingloading
Toluene, 1500ppmC, 15L/min
Effects of support material in a Effects of support material in a li t ithli t ith PtPt (0 1 t %)(0 1 t %)coupling system with coupling system with PtPt (0.1 wt.%)(0.1 wt.%)
Toluene, 1500ppmC, 15L/min
Effects of support material in a Effects of support material in a li t ith Pd (0 1 t %)li t ith Pd (0 1 t %)coupling system with Pd (0.1 wt.%)coupling system with Pd (0.1 wt.%)
Toluene, 1500ppmC, 15L/min
Water vapor effects Water vapor effects on on toluene toluene l i li tl i li tremoval in coupling systemremoval in coupling system
5kGy 8.7kGy
Pt(0.1wt.%)/ Zeolite, Toluene, 1500ppmC, 15L/min
Toluene removal by pilotToluene removal by pilot--coupling coupling ttsystemsystem
Pt(0.1wt.%)/ Zeolite, Toluene, 1500ppmC, 130m3/hr
oo--Xylene removal by pilotXylene removal by pilot--coupling coupling ttsystemsystem
Pt(0.1wt.%)/ Zeolite, o-Xylene, 1500ppmC, 130m3/hr
PilotPilot--scale EBscale EB--hybrid (Scrubber) systemhybrid (Scrubber) systemPilotPilot--scale EBscale EB--hybrid (Scrubber) systemhybrid (Scrubber) systemy ( ) yy ( ) yy ( ) yy ( ) y
Stage 2Stage 2
CFS system(Cross flow scrubber)CFS system(Cross flow scrubber)ReactorReactor
Ozone advanced Ozone advanced treatment reactortreatment reactor
Gas flowGas flow
Sampling portSampling port
Stage 2Stage 2
Stage 3Stage 3Stage 4Stage 4
Odor generation Odor generation reactor (sludge)reactor (sludge)
Flow control systemFlow control system
Sampling portSampling port
Stage 1Stage 1
Aeration tankAeration tank
gg
Sulfur compound Sulfur compound removal efficiencies removal efficiencies using anusing an EBEB hybrid (Scrubber) systemhybrid (Scrubber) systemSulfur compound Sulfur compound removal efficiencies removal efficiencies using anusing an EBEB hybrid (Scrubber) systemhybrid (Scrubber) systemusing an using an EBEB--hybrid (Scrubber) systemhybrid (Scrubber) systemusing an using an EBEB--hybrid (Scrubber) systemhybrid (Scrubber) system
H2S MM
DMS DMDS
Control of by-products using EBEB--hybrid hybrid (Scrubber)(Scrubber) system
Control of by-products using EBEB--hybrid hybrid (Scrubber)(Scrubber) system(Scrubber) (Scrubber) system(Scrubber) (Scrubber) system
Removal efficiencies of by productVariation of aerosol concentrations Removal efficiencies of by-product using CF scrubber
ConclusionsConclusions
In general, Aromatic VOCs are easier to decompose than
Aliphatic VOCs.
EB-hybrid system is more applicable to industrial field than
EB-only.
D f d i bl b d tDecrease of undesirable by-products
(NO2, aerosol, CO, etc.) with EB-hybrid system has been
found.
28More studies are needed.
29