Philip II&

the Dutch Revolt

Philip II 1527 - ( 1556 – 1598 )

The Golden Age of Spain - late 1500s - “century of Gold”

King of Spain - Portugal - Netherlands - Southern Italy - the New World

Philip 1527 - 1598

Born in Spain - Ruled Spain as a kid until 1548

Lived in Brussels with Charles - ‘48 – ’54

King of England - ‘54-’55

King of Spain 1556 – 1598

Philip II Reigned 1556 - 1598

“King of Paper”

“Most Catholic King”

-- vs the Ottoman Turks Naval Battles in the Meditteranean Sea Victory at Lepanto!! 1571

-- vs the English Spanish Armada 1588

-- vs the Dutch!

Philip II Reigned 1556 - 1598

“King of Paper”

“Most Catholic King”

-- vs the Ottoman Turks Navel Battles in the Meditteranean Sea Victory at Lepanto!! 1571

-- vs the English Spanish Armada 1588

-- vs the Dutch!

Ethnicity and Religion

The Dutch RevoltLate 1500s!!

Margaret of Parma - Daughter of Charles V - Regent of Netherlands 1559 + - Catholic and Tolerant

- All of the Netherlands is officially Catholic; however, - Calvinism is expanding in the North - Religious Tensions Increasing - Bad harvest in ’66

- and then BAM! ICONOCLASM!!!

The Dutch RevoltLate 1500s!!

Margaret of Parma - Daughter of Charles V - Regent of Netherlands 1559 + - Catholic and Tolerant

- All of the Netherlands is officially Catholic; however, - Calvinism is expanding in the North - Religious Tensions Increasing - Bad harvest in ’66

- and then BAM! ICONOCLASM!!!

The Dutch RevoltLate 1500s!!

Margaret of Parma - Daughter of Charles V - Regent of Netherlands 1559 + - Catholic and Tolerant

- All of the Netherlands is officially Catholic; however, - Calvinism is expanding in the North - Religious Tensions Increasing - Bad harvest in ’66

- and then BAM! ICONOCLASM!!!

The Dutch RevoltLate 1500s!!

The Duke of Alba (Alva in Dutch)

& the Council of Blood

Sent to restore order in 1567 - 15,000 -ish Arrested - 1000 –ish Executed - Executed 22 Nobles immediately Catholic Nobles for being too soft and

tolerant of Calvinists

The Dutch RevoltLate 1500s!!

William of Orange (Holland / Zeeland / Utrecht)

William of NassauWilliam the Silent

1533 – 1584

Lead a Revolt against Alva

1568 – 1579Northern Dutch Protestants

vs Spanish Catholic Soldiers

William of Orange vs The Duke of Alva

1576 The Sack of Antwerp (The Spanish Fury) 7000 Humans Slaughtered

Northern Protestants vs Spanish Catholics

Northern Protestants AND

Southern Catholics

Verses

Spanish Catholics

Pacification of Ghent 1576

(but it only lasts 3 years)

The Dutch Revolt

1609 Uneasy Peace

Fighting will break out again during the 30 Years War (1618-1648)

1648 Independence!!Spain will grant independence in 1648’s Peace of Westphalia

The United Provinces becomes THE DUTCH REPUBLIC!!

The Dutch Revolt

1567-1567: Margaret of Parma Tensions Grow

1568 – 1576: North vs Spain William vs Alba

1576-79: Catholic AND Prot vs Spain

1579-1609: Back to North vs Spain

1609: Truce = United Provinces

1648: Full Independence

The Dutch Revolt

80 Year Struggle 1568 - 1648

Brutality: several cities sacked

Creates more bitterness between Catholics and Protestants

Bankrupted Spain

Weirdly - leads to the Dutch Golden Age