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King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

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King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England. King Philip II of Spain. Charles V ruled over Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, the colonies in the Americas & the Holy Roman Empire poor leadership, so he abdicated the throne, to live in a monastery - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

King Philip II of Spain &Queen Elizabeth I of England

Page 2: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

King Philip II of Spain• Charles V

– ruled over Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, the colonies in the Americas & the Holy Roman Empire

– poor leadership, so he abdicated the throne, to live in a monastery– his son Philip received Spain etc. & his brother, the Holy Roman Empire

• Philip II 1556-1598– Spanish greatness: politically & culturally– defeated the Turkish Navy at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571– Crusader for Roman Catholicism: “Most Catholic King”

• leader of the Counter Reformation• Belgium & the Netherlands (mostly Calvinist): part of Philip II’s

Spanish Empire– Philip II tried to crush Calvinism in the Netherlands– William the Silent, Prince of the House of Orange, led the resistance– 1609 truce: northern states free → United Provinces of the Netherlands

• Greatest part of the Spanish Empire: Central & South America, with some influence in North America

Page 3: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Queen Elizabeth I of England• Queen Elizabeth I (reigned 1558-1603)

– head of State/Church– Church of England = Protestant, but moderate (Anglican →

Episcopalian)

• supported the weaker country (France/Spain) to keep the balance of power in Europe

• King Philip II of Spain wanted take over England & end Protestantism (tried marriage & did not work) → Spanish Armada: fleet of warships

• 1588 England won naval battles vs. Spanish Armada: a storm sent the Armada off-course & destroyed most of their ships, off coast of Scotland (“Protestant wind”)

• internal threats: Mary, Queen of Scots (her cousin)• no heir: Mary’s son, James, becomes king!

Page 4: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Spanish ArmadaMary: Queen of Scots

Page 5: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Queen Elizabeth I vs. King Phillip II & the Spanish Armada

• Queen Elizabeth's Confrontation: Spanish Ambassador

• Queen Elizabeth’s Battle Speech: Spanish Armada• The Battle of Gravelines vs. Spanish Armada (158

8 Storm)

Page 6: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Revolutions in England• James IV of Scotland: new king of England

upon Elizabeth’s death (James I of England)

• divine right of kings: kings receive power from God & are only responsible to God for actions

• conflict with Parliament: king/queen & Parliament ruled together

• Puritans: wanted the Church of England to be more Protestant (purify the Church)– conflict with the King, led to fleeing to the Americas

(i.e. the Pilgrims)

Page 7: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

James I

Page 8: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

English Civil War• Charles I fought Parliament & Puritans (arrested

dissenters for treason)– 1642 Oliver Cromwell leads Parliamentary war vs. king– Roundheads (Cromwell) defeated Cavaliers (King) – Charles I executed January 30, 1649 (scared Europe!)

• Cromwell: military dictator until death 1658

• Restoration of Parliament & the King (Charles II)• 3 children of Charles II: Catholic son (James II) & 2

Protestant daughters (Mary & Anne)• Parliament wanted to get rid of James II

– invited his sister, Mary & her husband, William of Orange (…of Holland) to “invade” England

Page 9: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

English Civil War

Page 10: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Glorious Revolution• William & Mary “invaded”

– James II & his family fled• “Glorious Revolution”: almost NO bloodshed• 1689 William & Mary officially King/Queen after

signing English Bill of Rights: – Parliament makes laws, sets taxes & consents to military acts– citizens: bear arms, jury trials & habeas corpus– sets foundation for limited/constitutional monarchy

• Thomas Hobbes: horrified by revolutions– wrote Leviathan: humans obsessed with self-preservation &

thus societies need strong governments to protect citizens – saw life as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”

Page 11: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Glorious Revolution

Page 12: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

In Review…• Succession of English monarchs:

– Elizabeth I (Tudor): NO heir (ends Tudor line)– James I (Stuart): Elizabeth’s nephew– Charles I (Stuart): James I’s son CIVIL WAR– Oliver Cromwell– Charles II (Stuart): Charles I’s son RESTORATION– James II (Stuart): Charles II’s son– William & Mary (of Orange): Charles II’s daughter

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION– Anne: Charles II’s daughter & Mary’s younger sisterStuart line ends with NO heirs.House of Hanover (from German provinces) begins!

Page 13: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Henry IV

Philip II of Spain

Elizabeth I of England

James I & sons

William & Mary

Louis XIV of France

Frederick William of Prussia

Peter the Great of Russia

Political Achieve-ments

became king of England, from Scotland

Religious Policy

-conflict withPuritans-Divine right of kings

Military success or failure

failure of Charles I against Roundheads

Domestic policy

-conflict with Parliament-divine right of kings

Foreign policy

closer ties to France

Innova-tions

Charles I: first king to be tried & killed by people

Kingdom at monarch’s death

divided

Page 14: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Closure #1• Explain the reasoning for the:

1. English Civil War2. Restoration of the Stuarts on the English throne3. Glorious Revolution with William & Mary

Page 15: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Epitaph for AbsolutistsCreate an epitaph

for an absolute monarch! Include:

-Name-Date they ruled or lived-Country-Catchy sentences with at least 3 facts about the

person & what they did.

Must be in color.Must draw the actual headstone or gravestone.Must be attractive & accurate.Will be hung outside…so make them NICE!

Page 16: King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

Homework• Chapter Review: pgs. 562- 563

– Complete all of the respective questions.– Exclude the internet question!