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Origin of Man in Southeast Asia
Volume 2
Early Dominant Peoples of the Mainland Region
Joachim Schliesinger
Origin of Man
in Southeast Asia
Volume 2
Early Dominant Peoples of the Mainland Region
Copyright © 2015 Joachim Schliesinger. Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 2―Early Dominant Peoples of the Mainland Region (Phnom Penh, 2015) All rights reserved.
Contents
Introduction 1
The Chinese people and China: An overview 5
The ethnic makeup of China 8
Emergence of the Chinese people 10
Genetic traits of the Chinese 16
Chinese language and script 18
The Viet people and Vietnam: An overview 24
The ethnic makeup of Vietnam 28
Emergence of the Viet people 33
Genetic traits of the Viet 39
Vietnamese language and script 41
The Cham people and Champa: An overview 44
Emergence of the Cham people 52
The Sa Huynh culture 55
Genetic traits of the Cham 57
Cham language and script 60
The Khmer people and Cambodia: An overview 63
The ethnic makeup of the Cambodia 70
Emergence of the Khmer people 74
Genetic traits of the Khmer 79
Khmer language and script 82
The Mon people and their states: An overview 84
The ethnic makeup of the Mon states 92
Emergence of the Mon people 96
Genetic traits of the Mon 98
Mon language and script 100
The Pyu people and their city-states: An overview 102
The ethnic makeup of the Pyu 107
Introduction
Contemporary Southeast Asia consists of two dissimilar portions: a continental projection, commonly called mainland Southeast Asia (also known as Indochina or the Indochinese Peninsula) and a group of archipelagos to the south and east of the mainland, known as maritime (or insular) Southeast Asia.
However, until the last glacial period (popularly known as the Ice Age) and occurring during the last years of the Pleistocene, from approximately 110,000 to 12,000 years ago, ancient Southeast Asia had a total different geographical shape as today.
The region called Sundaland included the portion of todays
Contemporary map of Southeast Asia
1
the highly skilled early seafarers in this part of the globe and their natural habitat was the region of today’s maritime Southeast Asia, and not the mainland.
They settled on the Malay Peninsula and on all the main islands across the Malay Archipelago; also in smaller numbers on Luzon Island in the Philippines.
On the other hand, the regions of ancient China and mainland Southeast Asia have very close connectivity regarding the ancient migration routes; and many ethnic groups who have settled in Southeast Asia have their origin in the territory of todays China.
In a region where national borders did not exist―officially recognized borderlines were drawn by the English and French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries―people could move freely around.
History is the spectacle when people travel, discovering new regions and
Ancient map of the region (1570)
Ancient map of the Greater India region (17th century)
Ancient map of the region (1780)
3
Vietnamese woman (1922)
Vietic-speaking Muong girl (1995)
Vietnamese woman (1926)
Vietic-speaking Muong woman (1994)
37
Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 2―Early Dominant Peoples of the Mainland Region is a work about those early peoples who established their dominant presence in the region and formed the early history in the first millennium AD of mainland Southeast Asia. The dominant peoples described in this volume are the Chinese, Vietnamese, Cham, Khmer, Mon, Pyu, Yi and Burman. Each ethnic group is portrayed within its historical setting and context, including the ethnic makeup of its neighbors, as well as its origin and ethnic emergence, and finally its language and script. The dominant peoples of mainland Southeast Asia are illustrated with plenty of images.
