Network Pressure Losses
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Friction Losses Minor Losses
There are two types of total pressure losses (hydraulic
resistance) in a flow network (pipeline system).
Pressure losses resulting from friction (red)
Local pressure losses (blue)
The portion of the total pressure which is spent in overcoming
the forces of hydraulic network resistance is irreversibly lost.
The molecular and turbulent viscosity of the moving medium converts
the mechanical work of the resistance forces into heat.
The total pressure losses in any complex fluids network are
inseparable. However, for ease of calculation they are arbitrarily
subdivided in each element of the network.
Total pressure loss for the fluid network is the summation of
pressure drops in each segment.
Fluid friction loss is due to the viscosity (both molecular and
turbulent) of fluids in motion. The value of friction loss
(relative to local and minor pressure loss) is usually taken into
account for:
Long branch pipes, diffusers with small divergence angles
Long fittings
The local and minor losses of total pressure are caused by:
Local disturbance of the flow
Separation of flow from walls
Formation of vortices and strong turbulent agitation - Entrance
of a fluid into the pipeline - Expansion, contraction, bending and
branching of flow - Flow through orifices, grids, valves - Friction
through porous media (filtration) - Discharge of fluid into
atmosphere or another reservoir
Impressions of
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