MLA Formatwith 2009 updates

Dr. Patricia R. Campbell

In cooperation with the LSCC Learning Center and

the LSCC Library

Academic Writing

Uniform Presentation of Sources:• Modern Language Association (MLA)

– English & Humanities

• American Psychological Association (APA) – Sciences

• Chicago Style– History

“Fair Use” = Copyright Law

Copyright law protects the fair use of everything anyone writes, including student essays.

“Fair Use”

Copyright Law = 10% RULE

• 10% Source

• 90% YOU!

“Data Drop”

• A collection of reference material organized and dropped into an essay format.

• Rewriting, paraphrasing, and summarizing reference material does not make the material YOURS.

• Whether or not the material is documented and cited correctly, data drop is a violation of the 10% Rule and constitutes Plagiarism!

Plagiarism

1. Failure to cite borrowed ideas in the essay AND failure to include a works cited.

2. Failure to enclose precise language in quotation marks.

3. Failure to cite summaries and paraphrases.

4. Exceeding the 10% rule whether paraphrasing, summarizing, or quoting.

MLA Citations – to “cite”

• Parenthetical Citations

(In Text of essay)

• Works Cited Page

(Last page of essay)

Bud Wiser’s Story

When someone picks up that frosty mug of cider, little do they

realize that toxic chemicals are swirling within the foam

(Wiser A1).

OR

According to Bud Wiser, when someone picks up that frosty

of mug cider, little do they realize that toxic chemicals are

swirling within the foam (A1).

Wiser in Essay leads reader toWiser in Works Cited (WC)

• When […] that toxic chemicals are swirling

within the foam (Wiser A1).

• Wiser, Bud. “Toxic Waste Found in

Cider.” Orlando Sentinel

11 Sept. 200X: A1. Print.

Works Cited Page

• Check the index of your Writer’s Manual to find out how to cite a Newspaper Article in your Works Cited.

Wiser, Bud. “Toxic Waste Found in Cider.”

Orlando Sentinel 11 Sept. 200X: A1. Print.

Keys to Parenthetical Citations or

what needs to go in the parenthesis?

Readability• Keep references brief

• Give only information needed to identify the source on your Works Cited page

• Do not repeat unnecessary information

Signal Phrases in

Sentences

• Makes ideas, quotations, paraphrases,

and facts flow with your paper.

• Prepares readers for your quote or

other forms of supporting evidence. – According to Bud Wiser, …

– Bud Wiser contends that…

– In his study of cider manufacturing trends, Bud Wiser notes that…

Parenthetical Citation

Start & Finish…

Use Signal Phrases to tell readers where

source material begins, use Parenthetical Citations to mark the end, and finish with a Works Cited!

To Signal or not to signal?

• Consider how your source impacts your argument. The author should have substantial credit and the first time you use their information, the author should be introduced in a signal phrase.

• After the initial introduction of your “authority,” an end parenthetical citation is usually adequate.

An introductory author signal should always be used for direct

quotes = Page number(s) of quote at the end of the text:

In his report, Bud Wiser contends that, “the use of organic apples

eliminates the chance of toxicity in the manufacturing of cider” (A4).

To Signal or not to signal?

To Signal or not to signal?

• Once the authority and/or author has been introduced earlier in the paper, a parenthetical citation may be used.

• Citation = Author’s last name and page number(s) of quote at the end of the text:

By using organic apples, manufacturers can preserve the purity of their cider (Wiser A2).

No Author ?

• If the source has no known author, introduce the material with a title signal and then use an abbreviated version of the title for further reference:

The article, “Hopelessly Homeless,” in the San Francisco News,

reveals… (A14).

The statistics for the amount of homeless people living in San

Francisco reveal… (“Hopelessly” A14).

Parenthetical Citations with No Page?

• If the source is only one page in length or is a web page with no apparent pagination:

Signal Phrase: Jane Smith, in her “Grammar Guru” web

column, asserts that...

Parenthetical Citation: Most people mispronounce as well as

misspell the frozen treat of sherbet

with two r’s (Smith).

Parenthetical Works

Citations in text Cited Page

Parenthetical citations in your essay connect your reader to the sources in your works cited.

Cross-Referencing

• A Works Cited page allows readers to locate the publication information of source material.

• Demonstrates the credibility of the writer through their accountability.

• Acknowledgement of sources works like a scholarly payment for intellectual property.

• Different types of sources require different methods of citation.

TERRORISM

andU.S. FOREIGN

POLICY

PAUL R. PILLAR

BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESSWashington, D.C.

Copyright © 2001

THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036

www.brookings.edu

All rights reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data

Pillar, Paul R., 1947-

Terrorism and U.S. foreign policy / Paul R. Pillar

p. cm.

Includes bibliographic references and index.

ISBN 0-8157-0004-0 (alk. Paper)

Terrorism. 2. Terrorism – Prevention 3. United States – Foreign relations

I. Title: Terrorism and U.S. foreign policy. II. Title

HV6431 .P56 2001 00-013070

327.73 – dc21 CIP

9876543

The paper used in this publication meets minimum requirements of the

American National Standard for Information Science-Permanence of

Paper for Printed Library Material ANSI Z39.48-1992

Typeset in Sabon.

Composition by AlphaWebTech

Mechanicsville, Maryland

Printed by R.R. Donnelly & Sons

Harrisonburg, Virginia

Pillar, Paul R. Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy.

Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2001. Print.

Print Book

Dow, Mark. American Gulag: Inside U.S. Immigration

Prisons. Berkeley: U of California P, 2004.

NetLibrary. Web. 18 Sep. 2008.

Electronic Book

Volkow, Nora. “It’s Time for Addiction Science to Supersede

Stigma.” Science News 8 Nov. 2008: 40. Academic Search

Complete. Web. 12 Dec. 2008.

Magazine

Talbert, JeanAnne J. “Substance Abuse Among Nurses.” Clinical Journal

of Oncology Nursing 13.1 (2009): 17-19. Academic Search Complete.

Web. 1 Mar. 2009.

Academic Journal

Klitzing, Sandra Wolf. “Women Living in a Homeless Shelter: Stress,

Coping and Leisure.” Journal of Leisure Research 36.4 (2004):483-513.

General OneFile. Web. 22 Sep. 2008.

Verify database citations using your handbook, the library’s MLA handout, or with your instructor!

Capitalization

Old StyleUnderline

New StyleItalics

Correct Capitalization

All source citations are NOT created equal!

Tsang, Gloria. “Light Drinking Benefits Heart in Men.” Health

Castle.com. July 2006. Web. 12 Apr. 2009.

Website

The new MLA Handbook states that if you can easily find a website you don’t need to include the URL

Title and Author Search

Correct Website

Starts on a blank page at the end of your paper (has the same header)

Use Times New Roman 12-point font throughout the paper

Double space and alphabetize citations

Use hanging indents for citations (not indents)

DO NOT use bullets or numbers

DO NOT list URLs (new style no longer requires them anyway)

Check all citations provided by websites or databases, they are usually wrong

Bullets

Missing information for citation

Fonts

URLs should be in brackets

URLs no longer required

Works Cited starts on a new page

Missing information for citations

More than one font

URLs should be in brackets

URLs no longer required

Did not check citation from database

Numbered citations

Not alphabetized

No hanging indent

• Single Spacing

• Spacing between citations

• Capitalization of titles

• Alphabetization

• Format of dates

Works Cited

• Last page(s) of your essay: lists of ALL the sources cited within the essay.

• Arrange in Alphabetical Order by author, if no author, use the title of the work.

• Hanging indent – first line at margin, all text that follows is indented .5”

Works Cited

Most citations should contain the following basic information:

• Author’s name• Title of work• Publication information• The medium for the source (print or web)

If the source is electronic, privilege the original print publication format, then add the electronic publication information.

Survival Strategy:

Works Cited = Work in Progress!

• When you open your document and begin your essay, begin your works cited!

• Page Set-Up: Set margins, header, and hanging indent.

• Create some space between your document and your works cited using your enter key and type “Works Cited”

• When you use your first reference as an in-text citation, immediately move to the space below where you are beginning your works cited and make your entry for this citation.

Works Cited = Hanging Indent

• Indenting AFTER the first line of each citation on your “Works Cited”

• The “set-up” for hanging indent is found in Microsoft Word under “Paragraph Format”

• Under “Paragraph” you use the same pop-up menu that you use to select double-spacing for your essays.

• Highlight your works cited section and select BOTH: “Double-space” AND “Hanging Indent.

In handwritten papers, underlining is

represented by italic.

Italicize:Books Journals,

Magazines Newspapers

Pamphlets Long Poems

Plays Radio & Television Programs Films Music Art

Software Websites

The “dash” & the Works Cited Page

Smith 12

Works Cited

Hapke, Laura. Labor’s Text: The Worker in American Fiction.

New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 2001. Print.

---. Tales of a Working Girl. Boston: Macmillan, 1990. Print. (Note: the 3

dashes and a period indicate that Hapke is the author of both texts.)

Schreibersdorf, Lisa. “Radical Mothers: Maternal Testimony and

Metaphor in Four Novels of the Gastonia Strike.” Journal of

Narrative Theory 29.3 (Fall 1999): 303-322. Print.

Zwerdling, Alex. “Esther Summerson Rehabilitated.” Journal of American

Literature 88.2 (May 1973): 429-439. Academic Search Premier.

Web. 26 Jan. 200X.

When in doubt?

• Consult your Writer’s Handbook

• LSCC Library Website

• LSCC Learning Center Website

• OWL @ Purdue University

MLA Works Cited

Practice Quiz

Practice Exercise Directions:

• Read the information about the reference given on the slide.

• On a separate sheet of paper and/or word file, document the following resources in MLA format as you would for your Works Cited page.

• Eliminate the unnecessary information and WRITE necessary information – Formatted as an MLA citation.

• Any italicized material must be underlined. Remember to use indentation and punctuation in appropriate places…make the periods BIG enough to SEE!

• After you have documented your answer, check for the CORRECT ANSWER that appears on the next slide.

Book

Tales of a Working Girl by Laura Hapke. Published in 1990 by Macmillan Publishing Company in Boston, Massachusetts

Book

Hapke, Laura. Tales of a Working Girl. Boston:

Macmillan, 1990. Print.

Article or Story from an anthology (texbook)

A student is writing an essay based on an article from the2009 edition of a textbook:

The McGraw-Hill Guide: Writing for College, Writing for Life edited by Duane Roen, Gregory R. Glau, and Barry M. Maid.

The article is titled: The Objectification of Women: Whose Fault Is It? and it is written by Santi Derosa, and begins on page 217 through 221.

Article or Story from an Anthology

(Textbook)

Derosa, Santi. “The Objectification of Women:

Whose Fault Is It?” The McGraw-Hill Guide:

Writing for College, Writing for Life. Ed. Duane

Roen, Gregory R. Glau, and Barry M. Maid.

New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009. 217-21. Print.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

ArticleTitle: Lake Sumter Community College Students Arrested. The reporter was Moe Budwiser. Published September 11, 2009 in the Detroit News in section A on page 1 and continued on page 4.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Budwiser, Moe. “Lake Sumter Community College

Students Arrested.” Detroit News 11 Sep. 2004: A1+.

Print.

Scholarly Journal

The Journal of American Literature printed an article in

2001 by Andrea Brooks entitled “Reading Class in the Working Class” in volume 41, issue 9. pages 43-57.

Scholarly Journal

Brooks, Andrea. “Reading Class in the Working

Class.” The Journal of American Literature

41.9 (2001): 43-57. Print.

Scholarly Journal Article from Database: Academic

Search Premier

Acquired today from Lake Sumter Community College Library Academic Search Premier database: Grease Feasts by Harry D. Fatso. Originally published in the Chronicle of Nutrition on August 11, 1999 in Volume 36, Issue 7, on pages 12-13

Scholarly Journal Article from Database:

Academic Search Premier

Fatso, Harry D. “Grease Feasts.” Chronicle of Nutrition

36.7 (11 Aug. 1999): 12-13. Academic Search

Premier. 15 September 200X. Web.

Video/DVDMy Big Fat Greek Wedding directed by Joel Zwick viewed in DVD format and released by Warner Home Video in 2002 from Burbank, California. Performers were Nia Vardalos, John Corbett, Michael Constantine and Laine Kazan.

Video/DVD

My Big Fat Greek Wedding. Dir. Joel Zwick.

Perf. Nia Vardalos, John Corbett, Michael

Constantine, and Laine Kazan. DVD. Warner

Home Video, 2002.

Works Cited – Order?

• Brooks

• Budwiser…

• Derosa

• Fatso…

• George…

• Hapke…

• My Big Fat…

Are you still stuck?If you need more citation examples go to

http://www.lscc.edu/library/citation.htm.

For assistance from a librarian or tutor call:

Libraries:

Leesburg 352-365-3586

S. Lake 352-536-2148

Sumter 352-568-3074

Learning Center:

352-365-3554