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Mr. Sparks Civil War Fort Sumter, S.C.. Fort Sumter

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February 18, 1861 A new nation is born, the Confederate States of America (CSA). [First 7 States, After Sumter, 4 more will join] *The “attack” on Fort Sumter didn’t happen yet.

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Mr. Sparks Civil War Fort Sumter, S.C. Fort Sumter February 18, 1861 A new nation is born, the Confederate States of America (CSA). [First 7 States, After Sumter, 4 more will join] *The attack on Fort Sumter didnt happen yet. Interesting Facts Under President Buchannan, the War Department, as it had done for years, sent all of its orders and information through the US Mail. Any mail sent from Pres. Buchannan to Major Anderson was intercepted and read. Pres. Buchannan Robert Anderson Lincolns Term Starts Lincoln will take the oath of office on March 4, 1861 even though SC seceded months ago as a result of the election of Former President Buchannan is able to slip out of the Whitehouse without having to make any war decisions.good luck Lincoln! Background Remember, SC seceded from the Union. As a result, Soldiers/Govt. begin to reclaim forts and other federal buildings within the state, including MAIL (Post Office). Most forts are surrendered without a problemexcept Sumter. Lincoln views the South as an insurrection, not a rebellion and claims to only to maintain Forts not already confiscated by the Confederates. Fort Sumter P.T. Beauregard Robert Anderson West Point Preview to Sumter Anderson was Beauregards Mentor (Teacher) at West Point Taught Advanced Artillery (exceptional). After Beauregard graduates, Anderson hires him as part of his staff (intro course). They were friends at West Point, and opposing Generals at Fort Sumter. Major Anderson was forced to retreat with his men from surrounding forts to Sumter because it was safer. Essentially, he was sitting on an island, cut off from all information about government plans. He was desperately low on food and would have had to surrender anyway. Before the Attack on Sumter Beauregard begs Anderson to surrender. However. Anderson is under direct orders from President Lincoln not to surrender. Why? -N: It is an insult to lose another fort in the South. -S: It is an insult to the South to have a Union fort in SC. Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 South Carolina The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson of the United States Army had moved his troops to the base because he feared a Confederate attack. In the early morning of April 12, 1861, the Confederates launched an attack. Northern troops under Andersons command returned fire, but were ineffective. The Confederacy continued its attack with prolonged gunfire, and the Union troops in the fort surrendered a day later. Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 South Carolina fires on Union Fort Charleston Harbor 0 Die in Fighting* CSA Victory Brings about false sense of a safe war Massive walls, 10-12 thick! This fortress was designed to take a beating. *2 Die in Cannon Explosion during Surrender Ceremony. Fort Sumter Confederate Batteries Union Ship Had to Turn Around after shots were fired at it; Janurary 9, 1861. Edmund Ruffin April 12, :30 AM Credited with the first shot of the Civil War. Fort Sumter, SC Star of the West Ship that turned around to supply Union troops with food at Sumter. (1/9/1861) Confederates fire a warning shot over the bow of the ship. *Some claim this is the first shot of the war. of the war. 34 hours of bombing! April 12, 1861; 4:30am If it started at 8 am today, it would last until 6 pm tomorrow. Civil War Officially Starts!! 34 hours of bombing! Palmetto Tree and Moon Flag of South Carolina South Carolinas Secession Flag Palm Trees These trees were used in as a defensive fortress in the Revolutionary War. The tree was laid over sand and was able to withstand British cannons. As a way to preserve the independent spirit S.C. added it to its state flag in 1861. Fort Sumter Except for Freak accident, after the battleno casualties!! VA, Tenn, NC, and Ark join CSA after Sumter (total at 11states) Both Sides Mobilize for War War Fever grips United States Four of the longest years in American History to follow People Volunteer to serve (N&S). Term of enlistment is 90 days. Additional Material Ken Burns clip on Sumter and the ensuing war fever. The Following Slides will show how immense this war will become. much larger than any other could anticipate