Charleston, SCFort Sumter

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter was completely surrounded.

Lincoln reacted to the attack on Fort Sumter•Lincoln asked for 75,000 volunteer soldiers (512)•States were eager to send soldiers; people were ready to fight.•Everyone was confident that war would be short.

Lincoln managed border states •Kentucky—Lincoln did not send troops in because he wanted Kentucky in the Union. Kentucky remained neutral after the South tried to invade.•Maryland—placed under martial law after groups attacked rail and telegraph •Missouri—Lincoln sent troops after fighting broke out.•Delaware—strong Union support and little slavery. 

Why the North fought:--Fought to preserve the Union.--Fought because South seceded.--Some fought to end slavery.--Some fought because of the glamour of war.--Some fought for a job—struggling immigrants.

Why the North was likely to win:• 2 times as many people.

• 5 times as many factories. • 15 times as much iron production• 2 times as much railroad track• 2 times as much farm land• Britain, and much of the world, had

banned slavery—limiting options for the South to find allies.

• Naval blockade of Southern ports

Comparing Resources, 1861IMAGE LIBRARY

Why the South fought:

• South was totally dependent on cotton, and, therefore, slavery.

• States’ rights

Why the South could win:

• North was forced to invade the South in order to win. Invading is more difficult than defending.

• South could “tire out” the North.

• The South had excellent military leadership.

StartStart

RealityReality

waterwater

HopeHope

Union Strategy1.Blockade2.Mississippi3.Richmond

Theaters of War

Southern Strategy1.“Tire ‘em out!”2.“Run the blockade”3.Ally with Britain.

Theaters of War

The Call to Arms

Taking Sides in the War Main Idea: As the war began and states chose sides, loyalties in the four border states were divided

North Against South Main Idea: Each side had its advantages and disadvantages, and each side was sure it would win.

The Two Sides Plan Strategy 

Main Idea: While the North wanted to isolate the South and invade it, the South hoped to get help from Europe.

Americans Against Americans  Main Idea: The war often divided families as it drew most adult males on both sides into the military.

First Battle of Bull Run  Main Idea: Expectations of a quick victory were dashed at Bull Run in July 1861.

continued…

The Call to Arms (Continued…)

A Soldier’s Life

Main Idea: Rain, mud, disease, and crowded prison camps took a heavy toll on both sides.

Early Years of the War

New Technology in the War

Main Idea: The use of new weapons forced commanders to rethink their tactics.

The War in the East Main Idea: Each side suffered setbacks in the East in 1862.

The War in the West Main Idea: In the West, Union forces seized control of most of the Mississippi River in 1862.

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The Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipating the Enslaved Main Idea: Lincoln was slow to decide on emancipation but finally embraced it as a necessary war measure.

African Americans Help the Union

Main Idea: African Americans fought for the Union and made other contributions to the war effort.

African American Soldiers in the Civil WarTRANSPARENCY

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The Civil War and American Life

Divisions Over the War Main Idea: On both sides, pursuit of the war was hampered by disagreements among the people.

The Draft Laws

Main Idea: Both sides found it necessary to draft men into military service.

The War and Economic Strains

Main Idea: The war strained the finances of governments and individuals.

Women in the Civil War

Main Idea: The war opened many new opportunities for women, who contributed greatly to the war effort.

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Decisive Battles

The Tide Turns Main Idea: After suffering some defeats, Union forces gained the upper hand by winning major battles at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

Closing In on the Confederacy  Main Idea: With Grant in command, Union forces carried the war to the heart of the Confederacy.

Peace at Last Main Idea: Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, putting an end to the long and bloody war.

SOUTH NORTH

Weigel FarmLizzie

MedicalRosanna

Taneytown Road

The Final BattlesTRANSPARENCY

Casualties at Civil War BattlesIMAGE LIBRARY

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