Lady Bird Johnson 1

Lady Bird Johnson

Lady Bird Johnson

First Lady of the United States

In officeNovember 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969

Preceded by Jackie Kennedy

Succeeded by Pat Nixon

Second Lady of the United States

In officeJanuary 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963

Preceded by Pat Nixon

Succeeded by Muriel Buck Humphrey

Personal details

Born December 22, 1912Karnack, Texas, U.S.

Died July 11, 2007 (aged 94)West Lake Hills, Texas, U.S.

Resting place Johnson Family CemeteryStonewall, Texas

Political party Democratic

Spouse(s) Lyndon B. Johnson

Children Lynda and Luci

Alma mater University of Texas

Occupation First Lady of the United States, entrepreneur

Religion Episcopalian

Signature

Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson (December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007)[1] was First Lady of the UnitedStates (1963-69) during the presidency of her husband Lyndon B. Johnson.Notably well educated for her time, she proved a capable manager and a shrewd investor. After marrying LBJ in1934, when he was a political hopeful in Austin, Texas, she used a modest inheritance to bankroll his congressionalcampaign, and then ran his office while he was serving in the Navy. Next, she bought a radio station and then a TVstation, which would soon make them millionaires. As First Lady, she broke new ground by interacting directly with

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Congress, employing her own press secretary, and making a solo electioneering tour.Johnson was a lifelong advocate for beautifying the nation's cities and highways ("Where flowers bloom, so doeshope") and the Highway Beautification Act was informally known as Lady Bird's Bill. She was a recipient of thePresidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest US civilian honors.

Early life

A portrait of Lady Bird Taylor at about age three

The Brick House, Lady Bird Johnson's birthplaceand childhood home in Karnack, Texas.

Claudia Alta Taylor was born in Karnack, Texas, a town in HarrisonCounty, near the state's border with Louisiana.[2] Her birthplace was"The Brick House," an antebellum plantation mansion on the outskirtsof town, which her father had purchased shortly before her birth.[3]

Nearly all of both her maternal and paternal forebears had arrived inthe Virginia Colony during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Herfather was a native of Alabama and primarily of English ancestry withsmall amounts of Welsh and Danish; her mother was also a native ofAlabama and of English and Scottish descent.

Though she was named for her mother's brother Claud,[4] during herinfancy, her nurse, Alice Tittle,[5][6] commented, she was as "purty as aladybird,"[7][8] which is a brightly colored beetle.[5] That nicknamevirtually replaced her actual first name for the rest of her life. Herfather and siblings called her Lady,[9] though her husband called herBird, which is the name she used on her marriage license. During herteenage years, her schoolmates had called her Bird, though mockingly,since she reportedly was not fond of the name.[9] Her father wasThomas Jefferson Taylor (August 29, 1874 – October 22, 1960), asharecropper's son who became a wealthy businessman and the ownerof 15000 acres (unknown operator: u'strong' ha) of cotton and twogeneral stores. "My father was a very strong character, to put itmildly," his daughter once said. "He lived by his own rules. It was awhole feudal way of life, really."[6]

Her mother was the former Minnie Lee Pattillo (1874–1918), an operalover who felt out of place in Karnack and who was often in "pooremotional and physical health."[4] When Lady Bird was five years old,Minnie, while pregnant, fell down a flight of stairs and died ofcomplications after miscarrying.[4] In a profile of Lady Bird Johnson,

Time magazine described Lady Bird's mother as "a tall, eccentric woman from an old and aristocratic Alabamafamily, liked to wear long white dresses and heavy veils [... and who] scandalized people for miles around byentertaining Negroes in her home, and once even started to write a book about Negro religious practices, called BioBaptism." Her unreconstructed husband, however, tended to see blacks as "hewers of wood and drawers of water,"according to his younger son.[9]

Lady Bird had two elder brothers, Thomas Jefferson Jr. (1901–1959) and Antonio, also known as Tony(1904–1986). She also had two stepmothers; the second, Ruth Scroggins, who married Thomas Taylor in 1937.[10]

She was largely raised by her aunt Effie Pattillo, who moved to Karnack after her sister's death, although Lady Bird visited her Pattillo relatives in Autauga County, Alabama, every summer until she was a young woman. As she explained, "Until I was about 20, summertime always meant Alabama to me. With Aunt Effie we would board the train in Marshall and ride to the part of the world that meant watermelon cuttings, picnics at the creek, and a lot of

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company every Sunday."[11] According to Lady Bird, her aunt Effie "opened my spirit to beauty, but she neglected togive me any insight into the practical matters a girl should know about, such as how to dress or choose one's friendsor learning to dance."[9]

Lady Bird was a shy and quiet girl who spent much of her youth alone outdoors. "People always look back at it nowand assume it was lonely," she once said about her childhood. "To me it definitely was not. [...] I spent a lot of timejust walking and fishing and swimming."[12] She developed her lifelong love of the environment as a child growingup in the tall pines and bayous of East Texas and watching the wildflowers bloom each spring.[13]

Education

Field of Bluebonnets in Texas

When it came time to enter high school,[12] Lady Bird moved awayfrom home to live with another family during weekdays in the town ofJefferson, Texas,[14] since there was no high school in the Karnack area(her brothers had attended boarding schools in New York). Eventuallyshe graduated third in her class at the age of 15 from Marshall SeniorHigh School in nearby Marshall. Despite her young age, she droveherself to school in her own car, a distance of 15 miles (unknownoperator: u'strong' km) each way, because, she said, "it was an awfulchore for my daddy to delegate some person from his business to takeme in and out."[12] During her senior year, when she realized that shehad the highest grades in her class, she "purposely allowed her grades to slip" so that she would not have to give thevaledictorian or salutatorian speech.[5]

After graduating from high school in May 1928, Lady Bird entered the University of Alabama for the summersession, where she took her first journalism course, but being homesick for Texas, she did not return for the fall termat Alabama.[15] Instead she and a high school friend enrolled at St. Mary's Episcopal College for Women,[16] a strictEpiscopal boarding junior college for women in Dallas, where she "converted to the Episcopal faith," although shewaited five years to be confirmed.[17]

After graduating from St. Mary's in May 1930, Lady Bird toyed with the idea of going back to Alabama, but anotherfriend from Marshall was going to the University of Texas, so she chartered a plane to go down to Austin to check itout. Prophetically, as the plane landed she was awed by the sight of a field covered with bluebonnets and instantlyfell in love with the city.[18] Lady Bird received a Bachelor's of Arts degree with honors in 1933[19] and a secondbachelor's degree in journalism Cum Laude in 1934[20] — a time when women were hard pressed to have a career oftheir own, let alone a college education. She was active on campus in different organizations such as Orange Jacketsand believed in student leadership. Her goal was to become a reporter, but she also earned a teaching certificate.[5]

The summer after her second graduation, she and a girlfriend traveled to New York City and Washington, D.C.,where they peered through the fence at the White House.[5]

Marriage and familyHer goal of a career in media was deferred when a friend in Austin introduced her to Lyndon Baines Johnson, ayoung up-and-coming political hopeful[21] working as an aide to Congressman Richard Kleberg.[5]

On their first date, which was breakfast the next morning at the Driskill Hotel and a long drive in the country,Johnson proposed. Lady Bird did not want to rush into marriage, but Lyndon Johnson was persistent and did notwant to wait. Lady Bird accepted his proposal 10 weeks later.[5] The couple married on November 17, 1934, at St.Mark's Episcopal Church in San Antonio, Texas.After three miscarriages,[5] the couple had two daughters: Lynda (born in 1944), whose husband Charles S. Robb is a former governor of Virginia and former U.S. Senator, and Luci, born in 1947,[22] first married to Pat Nugent, then

Lady Bird Johnson 4

Ian Turpin. The couple and their two daughters all shared the initials LBJ. At the time of her death, Johnson hadseven grandchildren and ten great-grandchildren.[5]

Early politicsWhen Lyndon decided to run for Congress from Austin's 10th district, Lady Bird provided the money to launch hiscampaign. She took $10,000 of her inheritance from her mother's estate to help start his political career.[23] Thecouple settled in Washington, D.C. after Lyndon was elected to Congress.[24] After he enlisted in the Navy at theoutset of the Second World War, Lady Bird ran the congressional office.[24]

Johnson sometimes served as a mediating force between her willful husband and those he had encountered. On oneoccasion, after Lyndon had clashed with a young Houston reporter, Dan Rather, Lady Bird followed Rather in hercar and invited him to return and have some punch, explaining, "That's just the way Lyndon sometimes is."[25]

Business careerIn January-February 1943, Ladybird Johnson spent $17,500 of her inheritance to purchase KTBC,[3] an Austin radiostation that was in debt. She bought the radio station from a three-man partnership which included a future U.S.Secretary of the Navy and a future U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Robert B. Anderson.She served as President of the company, LBJ Holding Co., and her husband negotiated an agreement with the CBSradio network. Lady Bird decided to expand by buying a television station in 1952 despite Lyndon's objections,reminding him that she could do as she wished with her inheritance.[5] The station, KTBC-TV/7 (then affiliated withCBS as well), would make the Johnsons millionaires as Austin's monopoly VHF franchise.[26] Over the years,journalists have written about how Lyndon used his influence in the Senate to influence the Federal CommunicationsCommission into granting the monopoly license, which was in Lady Bird's name.[27][28]

Although LBJ Holding's two small banks failed and were closed in 1991 by the FDIC, the core Johnson radioproperties survived and prospered. Emmis Communications bought KLBJ-AM, KLBJ-FM, KGSR, and three otherstations from LBJ Holding for $105 million in 2003.[29]

Eventually, Johnson's initial $41,000 investment turned into more than $150 million for the LBJ HoldingCompany.[30] Johnson remained involved with the company until she was in her 80s.[5] She was the first president'swife to become a millionaire in her own right.[3]

Lady Bird Johnson in 1962

Second Lady of the United States

John F. Kennedy chose Lyndon Johnson as his running mate for the1960 election. At Kennedy's request, Lady Bird took an expanded roleduring the campaign, due to Jacqueline Kennedy's pregnancy. Over 71days, she traveled 35000 miles (unknown operator: u'strong' km)through 11 states and appeared at 150 events.[5] Kennedy and Johnsonwon the election that November, with Lady Bird helping theDemocratic ticket carry seven Southern states.[5]

As the Vice-President's wife, Lady Bird often served as a substitute forJacqueline Kennedy at official events and functions.[31] The Johnsonswere accompanying Kennedy in Dallas when he was assassinated, andLyndon was sworn in as President two hours later.

Lady Bird Johnson 5

First Lady of the United States

Official White House portrait of Lady BirdJohnson, painted in 1968 by Elizabeth

Shoumatoff. The dress was designed by GeorgeStavropoulos.[32]

As First Lady, Johnson started a capital beautification project (Societyfor a More Beautiful National Capital) to improve physical conditionsin Washington, D.C., both for residents and tourists by plantingmillions of flowers.[30] Her beliefs regarding the importance ofnational beautification can best be summarized in her statement that"where flowers bloom, so does hope." She worked extensively withAmerican Association of Nurserymen (AAN) executive Vice PresidentRobert F. Lederer to protect wildflowers and the planting of themalong highways. Her efforts inspired similar programs throughout thecountry. She became the first president's wife to advocate actively forlegislation[3] when she was instrumental in promoting the HighwayBeautification Act, which was nicknamed "Lady Bird's Bill"[5] andsought to beautify the nation's highway system by limiting billboardsand by planting roadside areas. She was an advocate of the Head Startprogram.[3]

Johnson created the modern structure of the First Lady's office; shewas the first to have a press secretary and chief of staff of her own andan outside liaison with Congress.[30] Her press secretary from 1963 to1969 was Liz Carpenter, a fellow University of Texas alumna.Carpenter was the first professional newswoman to be press secretary

to a First Lady, and she also served as Lady Bird's staff director. Johnson's tenure as First Lady marked thebeginning of the hiring of employees in the East Wing to work specifically for the First Lady's projects.[26]

Lady Bird Johnson in front of the South Lawn ofthe White House

During the 1964 election, Johnson traveled through eight Southernstates in her own train to promote the Civil Rights Act,[30] at one pointgiving 45 speeches over five days.[26] It was the first solo whistlestoptour of a First Lady.[25]

In 1970, Johnson published A White House Diary, her intimate,behind-the-scenes account of her husband's presidency spanningNovember 22, 1963, to January 20, 1969. Beginning with Kennedy'sassassination, Mrs. Johnson recorded the momentous events of hertimes, including the Great Society's War on Poverty, the national civilrights and social protest movements, her own activism on behalf of theenvironment, and the Vietnam War. Johnson was acquainted with along span of fellow First Ladies, from Eleanor Roosevelt to LauraBush, and was protected by the United States Secret Service for 44years, longer than anyone else in history.[33]

Honors

Lady Bird Johnson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom byGerald Ford on January 10, 1977. The citation for her medal read:

"One of America's great First Ladies, she claimed her own place in the hearts and history of the American people. In councils of power or in homes of the poor, she made government human with her unique

Lady Bird Johnson 6

compassion and her grace, warmth and wisdom. Her leadership transformed the American landscape andpreserved its natural beauty as a national treasure."[34]

Johnson then received the Congressional Gold Medal in 1988, becoming the first wife of a president to receive thehonor.[2] In a 1982 poll taken of historians ranking the most influential and important First Ladies, Johnson placedthird behind Abigail Adams and Eleanor Roosevelt for her work as a conservation activist.[5]

In addition to the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, she was honored by the naming of the Lady Bird JohnsonPark on Columbia Island in Washington, D.C., which was founded as a result of her efforts as First Lady to beautifythe capital.[5] She declined many overtures to name Austin's Town Lake in her honor after she had led a campaign toclean up the lake and add trails to its shoreline; following her death, Austin Mayor Will Wynn's office said it was a"foregone conclusion that Town Lake is going to be renamed" in honor of Johnson.[34] The lake was renamed LadyBird Lake on July 26, 2007.[35]

(In 1963, during the Pageant Of Peace Christmas tree lighting ceremony, the President and First lady were to beintroduced by a Girl Scout. President Kennedy had recently been assassinated and the girl introduced President andMrs. Johnson as President and Mrs. Kennedy. She gasped in horror as soon as she did it and began crying. Mrs.Johnson leaped to her feet and put her arm around the girl's shoulder and comforted her, assuring her that it wasalright and to please start over with the introduction. She did it right the second time and Mrs. Johnson sat down andthe lighting ceremony continued. It was a revealing moment into the First Lady's character that endeared her to allwho witnessed it.)A majestic grove of coastal redwoods, named in her honor by President Nixon in 1969, is located just north of Orick,California. "Lady Bird Johnson Grove" is part of Redwood National Park. In April 2008, the "Lady Bird JohnsonMemorial Cherry Blossom Grove" was dedicated in Marshfield, Missouri. The dedication took place during thecity's annual cherry blossom festival. Johnson had been supportive of the rural community and their initiative toplant blossoming cherry trees.In 1995, she received an Honor Award from the National Building Museum for her lifetime leadership inbeautification and conservation campaigns.[36]

Johnson was also named the honorary chairwoman of the Head Start program.[34]

She held honorary degrees from many universities: Boston University, the University of Alabama, GeorgeWashington University, Johns Hopkins University, State University of New York, Southern Methodist University,Texas Woman's University, Middlebury College, Williams College, Southwestern University, Texas StateUniversity–San Marcos, Washington College and St. Edward's University.[34]

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Later life

A portrait of Lady Bird Johnson in the Texas HillCountry

The former First Lady in 1987

After former President Johnson died of a heart attack in 1973,[26] LadyBird remained in the public eye, honoring her husband and otherPresidents.

In the 1970s, she focused her attention on the Austin riverfront areathrough her involvement in the Town Lake Beautification Project.After her death in 2007, Town Lake was renamed Lady Bird Lake tohonor her efforts.

From 1971 to 1978, Johnson served on the board of regents for theUniversity of Texas System.[37] She also served on the National ParkService Advisory Board and was the first woman to serve on NationalGeographic's Board of Trustees.[26] President Nixon mentionedJohnson as a possible ambassador in a circulated memo, but nothingcame of that proposal.[26]

On December 22, 1982 (her 70th birthday), she and actress HelenHayes founded the National Wildflower Research Center, a nonprofitorganization devoted to preserving and reintroducing native plants inplanned landscapes, located east of Austin, Texas. This earned her thenickname of "Johnny Appleseed" of Wildflowers. The Center opened anew facility southwest of Austin on La Crosse Avenue in 1994. It wasofficially renamed the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in 1998in honor of Johnson, who raised $10 million for the facility.[30] OnJune 20, 2006, the University of Texas at Austin announced plans toincorporate the 279-acre (unknown operator: u'strong' km2)Wildflower Center into the University.[38]

For 20 years, Johnson spent her summers on the island of Martha'sVineyard renting the home of Charles Guggenheim for many of thoseyears. She said she had greatly appreciated the island's natural beautyand flowers.[39]

On October 13, 2006, Johnson made a rare public appearance at therenovation announcement of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum. Sitting in a wheelchair and showingsigns of recent health problems, Lady Bird seemed engaged and alert, and applauded along with those present at theceremony.

Lady Bird Johnson 8

Final years

Health problems and death

Lady Bird with her daughter Lynda JohnsonRobb and former First Lady Laura Bush in 2005

In 1993, Johnson's health began to fail. In August 1993, she suffered astroke and became legally blind due to macular degeneration. In 1999she was hospitalized for a fainting spell and, in 2002, she suffered asecond, more severe, stroke, which left her unable to speak coherentlyor walk without assistance. In 2005, she spent a few days in an Austinhospital for treatment of bronchitis. In February 2006, Lady Bird'sdaughter Lynda Johnson Robb told a gathering at the Truman Libraryin Independence, Missouri, that her mother was now totally blind andwas "not in very good health."[40]

In June 2007, Johnson spent six days in Seton Hospital in Austin aftersuffering from a low-grade fever.[41] At 4:18 PM (CDT) on July 11,2007, she died at home of natural causes,[42] surrounded by membersof her family and Catholic priest Father Robert Scott.[43] At Johnson'sfuneral service her daughter Luci Baines Johnson remarked that oneweek before her death she made a public appearance and visited theBlanton Museum of Art [44]. "It was a scene: mother was on IV,oxygen tube and a feeding tube. It looked like a mobile hospital. Butshe had a wonderful time," Luci said.

Three weeks before Lady Bird's death, the rector of St. Barnabas Episcopal Church in Fredericksburg, which hadbeen her second home for over 50 years, had announced to his parishioners that she had given $300,000 to pay offthe church's mortgage.[45]

Funeral services

Funeral service for Lady Bird Johnson

Nancy Reagan, Rosalynn Carter, Jimmy Carter, Laura Bush, BillClinton, Hillary Clinton, (second row) Caroline Kennedy, BarbaraBush, Susan Ford Bales, (third row) Maria Shriver, and Patricia"Tricia" Nixon Cox attended, representing eight presidentialfamilies (excluding the Johnsons and counting George H.W.Bush's family and George W. Bush's family separately).

At 9:00 A.M. on July 15, a ceremonial cortège left the Texas StateCapitol. The public was invited to line the route throughdowntown Austin on Congress Avenue and along the shores ofLady Bird Lake to pay their respects. The public part of the funeralprocession ended in Johnson City. The family had a private burial

at the Johnson family cemetery in Stonewall, where Johnson was buried next to her husband who had died 34 yearsearlier.[46] Unlike previous funerals for first ladies, the pallbearers during the funeral services came from members ofthe armed forces.[46][47]

She was the first former First Lady to die in the 21st century.On June 7, 2008, the Texas State Democratic Party honored Johnson by renaming the state convention's Blue StarBreakfast as the 'Lady Bird Breakfast'.[48] In January 2009, St. Edward's University in Austin completed a newresidence hall for upperclassmen bearing the name of Lady Bird Johnson Hall, or "LBJ Hall" for short.[49]

Lady Bird Johnson 9

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York Times, Associated Press, July 11, 2007[2] "Lady Bird Johnson dies in Texas at age 94" (http:/ / www. alertnet. org/ thenews/ newsdesk/ N11219716. htm). Reuters: p. A1. 2007-07-12. .

Retrieved 2009-07-18.[3] [[Dallas Morning News (http:/ / www. dallasnews. com/ sharedcontent/ dws/ dn/ latestnews/ stories/ 071207dntexjohnsonobit. 663b1dc9.

html)], "Lady Bird Johnson dies at 94"], July 12, 2007[4] "Vibrant spirit takes Lady Bird from a small town to UT" (http:/ / www. palmbeachpost. com/ news/ content/ shared/ news/ stories/ ladybird/

0711BIRDPAGE2. html), The Palm Beach Post[5] Holley, Joe (2007-07-12). "Champion of Conservation, Loyal Force Behind LBJ" (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ content/

article/ 2007/ 07/ 11/ AR2007071102146_pf. html). The Washington Post. p. A1. . Retrieved 2007-07-21.[6] Lady Bird Johnson: Her Early Years (http:/ / www. pbs. org/ ladybird/ earlyyears/ earlyyears_index. html) PBS[7] "Lady Bird Johnson: Final Tribute" (http:/ / ladybirdjohnsontribute. org/ biography. htm,)[8] "Obituary: Lady Bird Johnson" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ world/ americas/ 2281304. stm), BBC news website[9] The First Lady Bird (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ magazine/ article/ 0,9171,876083–5,00. html) TIME[10] Mark Odintz: Taylor, Thomas Jefferson Ii (http:/ / www. tshaonline. org/ handbook/ online/ articles/ TT/ fta26. html) from the Handbook of

Texas Online. Retrieved December 24, 2008.[11] So Glad, So Glad (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ magazine/ article/ 0,9171,939432,00. html) TIME April 3, 1964[12] Brandon, Henry (September 10, 1967). "A Talk With the First Lady". The New York Times.[13] Wilson, Janet. "East Texas wildflower." Austin American-Statesman, July 13, 2007, p.2 (Lady Bird Johnson Commemorative Section)[14] Former first lady leaves rich legacy as political wife, environmental activist, businesswoman. (http:/ / www. statesman. com/ news/ content/

shared/ news/ stories/ ladybird/ 0711ladybird. html) American Statesman[15] Russell, Jan Jarboe, Lady Bird, A Biography of Mrs. Johnson, 1999, New York: Scribner, pp. 69-70[16] TSHA Online - Texas State Historical Association (http:/ / www. tshaonline. org/ handbook/ online/ articles/ SS/ kbs46. html)[17] Russell, Jan Jarboe, \billiam A Biography of Mrs. Johnson, 1999, New York: Scribner, pp. 70-71[18] Russell, Jan Jarboe, Lady Bird, A Biography of Mrs. Johnson, 1999, New York: Scribner, pp. 71-72[19] Russell, Jan Jarboe, Lady Bird, A Biography of Mrs. Johnson, 1999, New York: Scribner, p. 83[20] Russell, Jan Jarboe, Lady Bird, A Biography of Mrs. Johnson, 1999, New York: Scribner, p. 88[21] "Lady Bird Johnson, the First Lady a Nation Mourns." (http:/ / www. axcessnews. com/ index. php/ articles/ show/ id/ 11584) Axcess News.

Accessed online on July 12, 2007.[22] New York Times "Lady Bird Johnson, 94, Dies; Eased a Path to Power" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 07/ 12/ washington/ 12johnson.

html?pagewanted=3& ei=5088& en=1a0d3326e18d71e7& ex=1341892800& partner=rssnyt& emc=rss) July 12, 2007[23] Wilson, Janet. "Wife, mother, partner." The Austin American-Statesman, July 13, 2007, p.3 (Lady Bird Johnson Commemorative Section)[24] [[Houston Chronicle (http:/ / www. chron. com/ disp/ story. mpl/ front/ 4960783. html)] "Lady Bird Johnson, 94, Dies; Eased a Path to

Power and then fell short of gods glory" July 12, 2007[25] NPR "Former First Lady 'Lady Bird' Johnson Dead at 94" (http:/ / www. npr. org/ templates/ story/ story. php?storyId=11664985) July 12,

2007[26] "Lady Bird Johnson" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ news/ main. jhtml?view=DETAILS& grid=& xml=/ news/ 2007/ 07/ 13/ db1302.

xml). London: The Daily Telegraph. July 13, 2007. . Retrieved May 7, 2010.[27] Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 27. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.[28] Caro, Robert A. (1989-12-18). "THE JOHNSON YEARS: BUYING AND SELLING" (http:/ / www. newyorker. com/ archive/ 1989/ 12/

18/ 1989_12_18_043_TNY_CARDS_000356927). The New Yorker. .[29] Hawkins, Lori (July 16, 2007). "Lady Bird Johnson: Shrewd Work Made Her a Multimillionaire" (http:/ / www. statesman. com/ news/

content/ shared/ news/ stories/ ladybird/ 07/ 16/ 0716ladybiz. html). Austin American-Statesman. . Retrieved April 24, 2011.[30] Washington Post, "Lady Bird Johnson Gave America A Big Bouquet" (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ content/ article/ 2007/

07/ 11/ AR2007071101757. html), July 12, 2007[31] "". . . to leave this splendor for our grandchildren": Lady Bird Johnson, Environmentalist Extraordinaire" (http:/ / www. oah. org/ pubs/

magazine/ firstladies/ koman. html). Organization of American Historians. .[32] Milbank, New York Fashion, p. 234 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=w2y1AAAAIAAJ& q="Lady+ Bird+ Johnson"+ "house+

portrait"+ Stavropoulos& dq="Lady+ Bird+ Johnson"+ "house+ portrait"+ Stavropoulos& cd=2)[33] Feldman, Claudia. "Secret Service agent will miss Lady Bird" (http:/ / www. chron. com/ disp/ story. mpl/ metropolitan/ 4964938. html).

The Houston Chronicle. .[34] Wilson, Janet (July 12, 2007). "Lady Bird Johnson dies at 94" (http:/ / www. statesman. com/ news/ content/ shared/ news/ stories/ ladybird/

0711ladybird. html). Austin American-Statesman. . Retrieved 2007-07-22.[35] Raskin, Amy (2007). "Austin's Town Lake renamed Lady Bird Lake" (http:/ / www. chron. com/ disp/ story. mpl/ front/ 5002782. html).

Houston Chronicle. Retrieved on July 26, 2007.[36] Nadine Brozan (6-10-1995). "Chronicle" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 1995/ 06/ 10/ style/ chronicle-761196. html?src=pm/ ). The New York

Times. .

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[37] DeBard, Amanda; Philip Jankowski (2007-07-12). "A former first lady leaves us her legacy" (http:/ / media. www. dailytexanonline. com/media/ storage/ paper410/ news/ 2007/ 07/ 12/ TopStories/ A. Former. First. Lady. Leaves. Us. Her. Legacy-2923280. shtml). The DailyTexan. .

[38] "University of Texas System Regents authorize union of The University of Texas at Austin, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center" (http:/ /www. utexas. edu/ opa/ news/ 2006/ 06/ wildflower20. html) (Press release). University of Texas at Austin. June 20, 2006. . Retrieved2006-07-02.

[39] "Former First Lady Visited Vineyard" (http:/ / www. mvgazette. com/ news/ 2007/ 07/ 13/ lady_bird_johnson. php). Vineyard Gazette.2007-07-13. .

[40] Recalling life in the mansion (http:/ / findarticles. com/ p/ articles/ mi_kmtkc/ is_200602/ ai_n16075587)[41] Lady Bird Johnson released from hospital (http:/ / www. msnbc. msn. com/ id/ 19489088/ title) June 28, 2007. Reuters @ MSNBC.com[42] 4:18 (CDT) Former First Lady, Lady Bird Johnson Dies at 94 (http:/ / www. foxnews. com/ story/ 0,2933,289027,00. html) Fox News[43] Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, p. 29, July 13, 2007[44] http:/ / blantonmuseum. org/[45] Episcopal Life Online - DIOCESAN DIGEST (http:/ / www. episcopalchurch. org/ 81803_88277_ENG_HTM. htm)[46] Shannon, Kelley (July 15, 2009). "Lady Bird Johnson laid to rest in Texas" (http:/ / www. denverpost. com/ ci_6382846?source=rss). The

Denver Post. Associated Press. . Retrieved 2010-07-28.[47] Waychoff, Staff Sgt. Madelyn (July 19, 2007). "Ceremonial Guardsmen lay Lady Bird Johnson to rest" (http:/ / www. dcmilitary. com/

stories/ 071907/ aviator_28073. shtml). The Bolling Aviator. U.S. Air Force Honor Guard Public Affairs. . "This is the second funeral this yearin which the Honor Guard has buried a member of a presidential family."

[48] Moritz, John; Root, Jay (2008-06-06). "Texas Dems ready to put differences aside" (http:/ / www. star-telegram. com/ news/ story/ 685634.html) ( – Scholar search (http:/ / scholar. google. co. uk/ scholar?hl=en& lr=& q=author:Moritz+ intitle:Texas+ Dems+ ready+ to+ put+differences+ aside& as_publication=& as_ylo=& as_yhi=& btnG=Search)). Star-Telegram.

[49] http:/ / www. stedwards. edu/ changeisgood/ residencehallupdates. htm

External links• Lady Bird Johnson, Former First Lady, Dies at 94 (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 07/ 11/ washington/

12cnd-johnson. html?_r=1& hp& oref=slogin)• Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library Tribute Site (http:/ / www. ladybirdjohnsontribute. org)• Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center (http:/ / www. wildflower. org/ )• FBI files on Lady Bird Johnson (http:/ / vault. fbi. gov/ Lady Bird Johnson)• Redwood National Park — Lady Bird Johnson Grove (http:/ / www. inn-california. com/ redwoods/ Humboldt/

Orick/ ladybird1. html)• Oral History Interviews with Lady Bird Johnson, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library (http:/ / www. lbjlib.

utexas. edu/ johnson/ archives. hom/ oralhistory. hom/ Johnson-C/ johnson. asp)• "Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson" (http:/ / www. findagrave. com/ cgi-bin/ fg. cgi?page=gr&

GRid=7748421). Presidential First Lady. Find a Grave. Aug 09, 2003. Retrieved Aug 18, 2011.

Article Sources and Contributors 11

Article Sources and ContributorsLady Bird Johnson  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=495855245  Contributors: 23skidoo, A78jumper, Adambondy, Addshore, Afaprof01, Alainna, Alansohn, Aldo samulo,Ali, Americus55, Andrew Dalby, Andycjp, Antandrus, ApprenticeFan, Aprock, Ariadne55, Art LaPella, Aswill, BHC, Bart Versieck, Bashereyre, Bbsrock, Bearboir, Bearcat, Beau Lamar,Bellhalla, Bencherlite, Bevo, Bgs022, Bhadani, Binarybits, Bobblehead, Bobblewik, Bobo192, Bovineone, Bovlb, Boyajian, Branddobbe, Brandmeister, Brennan626, Brian McNeil, BryanDerksen, C0l3kunzl3r, CJLL Wright, Calvin08, CambridgeBayWeather, Canadian Paul, Canderson7, CanuckViking, Capitalistroadster, Caponer, Carlton30458AZ, Chancelikely, Chicago103,Chill Pill Bill, Chivista, Christopherlin, Clariosophic, Cleared as filed, Condem, Confused coyote, Connormah, CopperSquare, Croat Canuck, Cshortes, D3gtrd, D6, Dale Arnett, Daniel Winter,David Gerard, Demiurge, Deror avi, Dewey Finn, Diego Grez, Discospinster, Dr who1975, DropDeadGorgias, Dudeman5685, Duffy2032, Dustman15, ECPR823, ERcheck, ESQ24, EagleAg04,Ebethw85, Ellen Spears, Emote, Eoghanacht, EricSilvia, Erik9, F W Nietzsche, FeanorStar7, FinFangFoom, FirstLadyjunkie, Firstorm, Flewis, Flowerpotman, Formeruser-82, Freestar1900,FrostySnows, GG The Fly, Galiaire, GcSwRhIc, GearedBull, Georgia guy, Glenfarclas, Gloriamarie, Gnew18, Gnfnrf, GoodDay, Goodnightmush, Gradient, Guat6, Gunter.krebs, Gurney50,GusF, Gwyddno, Happyme22, Hbdragon88, HeartofaDog, Hellno2, HennessyC, HeyNow10029, Hghyux, Hibernia1700, Hilltopperatx, Hmains, Hockey19949, Hoshie, Hux, Hégésippe Cormier,ILDB, ILuvTea, Iamwisesun, Ian Struan, Info999, Ironass, IsarSteve, J.delanoy, JCarriker, JHunterJ, JNW, Jack Cox, JackofOz, Japanese Searobin, Jareha, Jauerback, Jeeny, Jeepien, Jetman,Jheald, Jiang, Jim Yar, Jj137, Jkaharper, Jkeiser, Jnelson09, Jnestorius, John, Johntex, Jojhutton, Joseph Solis in Australia, Joshmaul, Jun Nijo, Junglecat, Jusdafax, Jvcdude, K-lit, Kharker, KingBee, Kitch, Kitchawan, Kleeingram, Krakatoa, Ksnow, Kukini, Kylerwilliams, Laurascudder, Lazyannie, LegalEagleUSA, Levineps, LibraryLion, Lightmouse, Lilac Soul, Lindsayoris15,Lloydpick, Logan, LonerATO, Lubert98, Luckas Blade, Lumberjack1942, MC skippy, MLRoach, MONGO, Madler, Maile66, Majorclanger, Mapsax, MarkVolundNYC, Marnanel, MartectX,MaryLouise@gmail.com, Mattgirling, Matthew Yeager, Maxl, Mayumashu, Mephistophelian, Mikaey, Mike65535, Minesweeper, Miranda, MisfitToys, Mkhbgpa, Mksmith, Moflint, Moncrief,Moondyne, Morhange, MrHaroldG2000, MuZemike, NE2, Nadinerocquette, Newyorkbrad, Nick81, NickBurns, Nicolehh, Nopm, Northridge, Nricardo, Nunh-huh, Nv8200p, Nwbeeson,Ocatecir, One Salient Oversight, Orayzio, Oreocookey, Otisjimmy1, Oxymoron83, Ozidea, Pats1, Paul August, Paul Benjamin Austin, Peacelovehope, Pedro1969, Philip Stevens, Phyllis1753,Plattbridger, Pr4ever, Pressman, Promking, Publicus, Pvmoutside, Quentin X, R'n'B, Rafaelgoogle, Ram4eva, RandomOrca2, Realm of Shadows, Rich Farmbrough, Rjwilmsi, Rklawton, RobertK S, Robertissimo, RodC, Rogsheng, Rougher07, Rrburke, Runcorn, SEWilco, SNIyer1, SNIyer12, Sadads, Safety Cap, Savantpol, Seattlenow, Seedlessgrapes84, SelectSplat, Sfdan,Shadow2700, Shadowjams, Shanes, Shriram, Sketchmoose, Slastankya, SlimVirgin, SmartyBoots, Snowolf, Someone else, Speedoflight, Spiff666, Srich32977, Stereorock, SteveStrummer,Stevenscollege, Str1977, Sturm55, Sw2047, TFBCT1, THEN WHO WAS PHONE?, TenPoundHammer, TerraFrost, The Man in Question, Tiddly Tom, Tide rolls, Tktru, Tom, Tommy2010,TommyBoy, TonyTheTiger, Trusilver, Twh66, Txnomad, Uncle Dick, Userwashington, Usrnme h8er, VT hawkeye, Vgranucci, Vrenator, Vzbs34, Ward3001, Wasted Time R, Waterloo1974,WhisperToMe, WikiDao, Willwal, Wpktsfs, Writtenright, X-factor, Xanderer, Xnuala, Yarnover, Yintan, Zafiroblue05, Zntrip, Zoe, Zone46, Zzuuzz, Σ, 531 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributorsfile:Lady Bird Johnson, photo portrait, standing at rear of White House, color, crop.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lady_Bird_Johnson,_photo_portrait,_standing_at_rear_of_White_House,_color,_crop.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Robert Knudsen,White House Press Office (WHPO)File:Lady Bird Johnson Signature.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lady_Bird_Johnson_Signature.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Connormah, LadyBird JohnsonImage:Lady bird 1915.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lady_bird_1915.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: AnRo0002, Bohème, Bubamara, CrazyPhunk,Infrogmation, Nv8200pImage:Andrews-Taylor House in Karnack, Texas.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Andrews-Taylor_House_in_Karnack,_Texas.jpg  License: unknown Contributors: User:Jay8gImage:MG 6539-1.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:MG_6539-1.JPG  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: User:MikecmImage:Lady Bird Johnson, bw photo ca1962.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lady_Bird_Johnson,_bw_photo_ca1962.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors:White HouseImage:MrsJohnson.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:MrsJohnson.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Cirt, CrazyPhunk, GearedBull, Happyme22,Infrogmation, TCY, 3 anonymous editsImage:Lady Bird Johnson, photo portrait, standing at rear of White House, color.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lady_Bird_Johnson,_photo_portrait,_standing_at_rear_of_White_House,_color.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Robert Knudsen, WhiteHouse Press Office (WHPO)Image:Lady bird 1990.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lady_bird_1990.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Frank WolfeImage:Lady Bird Johnson 1987.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lady_Bird_Johnson_1987.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Happyme22, Infrogmation,JatkinsImage:Lady bird 2005-10-19.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lady_bird_2005-10-19.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Krisanne JohnsonImage:Funeral service for Lady Bird Johnson.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Funeral_service_for_Lady_Bird_Johnson.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors:Shealah Craighead, White House Photo Office

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