Kyoto Protocol MP

8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT PRESENTATION

ON

KYOTO PROTOCOL-KEY FEATURES

AND IMPACT ON INDIA


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Flow of presentation:Flow of presentation:1. Global warming: Causes & effects.

2. Green House gases.

3. Kyoto Protocol a) History

b) Emission Trading

c) Current Scenario

4. Impact on India.5. Position of Countries

6. Analysis


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Global WarmingGlobal Warming

Weather Disasters

During the 20th century the average global

temperature increased by 0.6 degrees Celsius.

Estimated that by the year 2100 the average global

temperature will increase by 1.4 degrees to 5.8

degrees Celsius.

The global mean sea level has already risen by around

10 to 20 cms. during the past century.


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Greenhouse GasesGreenhouse Gases

They act like a blanket around the earth.

The main is (CO2), most of which comes from burning fuel.The others are (CH4), much of which comes fromagriculture and waste dumps, and (N2O), mostly a result offertilizer use.

Three industrial gases used in various applications, such asrefrigerants, heat conductors and insulators, are also included- they are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons(PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).


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Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect

Infra-red radiations emitted upwards by theearth's surface is absorbed by GHGs(Greenhouse Gases).

Human activity is making the GHG blanket"thicker.

Carbon dioxide is by far the most importantgas in the basket.


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SOURCES OF GREEN HOUSE GASES (GhGs)

CH4 PFCN2O HFCCO2

29%

9%

5%13%

7%

5%4%

10%

4%

14%coal bassed power

generation

steel industry

cement industry

livestock

paddy cultivation

biomass

consumption

synthetic fertilizer

use

transport sector

SHF


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Kyoto Protocol : HistoryKyoto Protocol : History

The 1987 Montreal Protocol

1992 - United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change


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Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol is a agreement under whichindustrialized countries will reduce their collectiveemissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to theyear 1990 (but note that, compared to the emissions levelsthat would be expected by 2010 without the Protocol, thistarget represents a 29% cut).

The goal is to lower overall emissions from sixgreenhouse gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrousoxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs - calculated as

an average over the five-year period of 2008-12.

National targets range from 8% reductions for theEuropean Union and some others to 7% for the US, 6% forJapan, 0% for Russia, and permitted increases of 8% for

Australia and 10% for Iceland


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Kyoto Protocol Contd..Kyoto Protocol Contd..

Legally Binding

N

ational goal for emissions to each country

The Protocol offers additional flexibility to

the countries with economies in transition

Flexible Mechanisms Emissions Trading

Clean Development Mechanism

Claim Credits


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Emission TradingEmission Trading

Entities could sell their unused

allowances to other entities.

Clean Energy" programs and "carbon

dioxide sinks.

Carbon trading projects take place within

some countries


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POSITION OF COUNTRIESPOSITION OF COUNTRIES

European Union:European Union:

The EU produces around 22% of global greenhouse gasemissions, and has agreed to a cut, on average, by 8%from 1990 emission levels .

Quotas were introduced in six key industries: energy, steel,cement, glass, brick making, and paper/cardboard.

Fines for member nations that fail to meet their obligations.

Current EU projections suggest that by 2008 the EU will beat 4.7% below 1990 levels.


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U.S.AU.S.A

The United States, although a signatory to the protocol, has neitherratified nor withdrawn from the protocol.

The United States has signed the Asia Pacific Partnership on CleanDevelopment and Climate

Grassroots support in the US

RUSSIA:RUSSIA:

Russia - accord was brought. The issue ofRussian ratification wasparticularly closely watched in the international community, as it

was brought into force 90 days afterR

ussian ratification.

INDIA:INDIA:

Signed and ratified the Protocol in August, 2002.

Exempted from the framework of treaty.


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JAPAN:JAPAN: Japan is struggling to find ways to meet its obligations.

A report this month by the Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry showed that 11 of 30 top Japanese industries steeland power among them risked failing to reach targets unlessthey take drastic steps.

AUSTR

ALIA:AUSTR

ALIA: Refused to sign the agreement.

The Australian labour party is in full support of protocol.


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IMPACT OF KYOTO PROTOCOL ON INDIA.IMPACT OF KYOTO PROTOCOL ON INDIA.

Benefit from transfer of technology.

Additional investments will come into renewable

energy, energy generation and afforestation

projects.

Indias emergence as a big market for carbon credit

projects has prompted EcoSecurities, a developer

and trader of carbon credits, to look at investmentopportunities in such projects through the special

purpose vehicle (SPV) route.


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Cont..Cont..

Indian companies stand to gain millions of dollars.

a) Tyre cord maker SRF Limited has generated themaximum carbon credits of 3.8 million.

b) ONGC claim 4.8 million carbon credit points forreducing carbon dioxide emissions in five ofits oil fields .

c) ITCs,Sonar Bangala Kolkata had reduced its

energy consumption.The hotel has also broughtdown its carbon dioxide emission levels.

Clean development mechanism will help promotewaste management projects.


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CR

IT

ICAL A

NALYSIS

India and China exempted from the framework.

Assigns a national target to each country-individual targets were not based on

any rigorous or objective formula.

The Protocol offers additional flexibility to the countries with economies in

transition.

Monitoring should be continuous .

.


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ConContt The protocol provides for"flexiblemechanisms" - ways for countries toreach their targets without actuallyreducing emissions at home .

Kyoto forests or plantations toreduce total carbon dioxide output

scientific challenge.

International financial institutionssuch as the World Bank and the

Asian Development Bank must

promote and support technologiesand infrastructural investments inrapidly industrializing nations likeChina, India, Brazil and South Africa.


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ConContt

There would be no net change in emissions worldwideeven if industrial nations agree to reduce theirgreenhouse gas emissions .

The prospect of the US staying outside the agreementinfluenced a number of other countries including

Australia, Japan, and Canada putting themselves at acompetitive disadvantage with the USA.


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ConContt

Renewable offer great potential to create and safeguardjobs .A WWF study on biomass identifies an employmentpotential of 170,000-290,000 full-time jobs in the OECDcountries from this renewable energy source alone.

Governments need to reduce the current level of globalsubsidies for fossil fuels.


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WHY INDIA ANDCHINA AREWHY INDIA ANDCHINA ARE

EXEMPTED??EXEMPTED??

BackSource:UNFCCC


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References:

References:

www.wikipedia.com

Climate press releases

Beginner_ed(pdf) published by UNEP &UNFCCC

www.enhesapublications_emission trading_2005// www.rediffnews.com

www.greenpeaceinternational.com

http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive

www.globalgreen.org

Business line, Feb 8,2006.

Business Standard,Feb 11,2006. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050921/asp/business/story_5265135.asp

International Emission Trading Association(IETA).


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